Carnallite: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Carnalit.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Carnallite from [[Russia]]]] |
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'''Carnallite''' is an [[evaporite]] mineral, a hydrated [[potassium]] [[magnesium]] [[chloride]] with formula: |
'''Carnallite''' is an [[evaporite]] mineral, a hydrated [[potassium]] [[magnesium]] [[chloride]] with formula: [[potassium|K]][[magnesium|Mg]][[chlorine|Cl]]<sub>3</sub>·6([[water|H<sub>2</sub>O]]). It is variably colored yellow to white, reddish, to rarely colorless and blue. It is usually massive to fibrous with rare pseudohexagonal [[orthorhombic]] crystals. It is transparent to translucent with a greasy luster. The [[Refractive index|refractive indices]] are nα=1.467 nβ=1.476 nγ=1.494. It has a [[Mohs hardness]] of 2.5 and a [[specific gravity]] of 1.6. The mineral is [[deliquescent]] (absorbs moisture from the surrounding air) and specimens must be stored in an airtight container. |
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Carnallite occurs with a sequence of potassium and magnesium evaporite minerals [[sylvite]], [[kainite]], [[picromerite]], [[polyhalite]] and [[kieserite]]. Carnallite is a somewhat rare double chloride mineral which only forms under a specific environmental conditions in an evaporating sea or [[sedimentary basin]]. It is mined for both potassium and magnesium and occurs in the evaporite deposits of [[Carlsbad, New Mexico]]; the [[Paradox Basin]] in [[Colorado]] and [[Utah]]; [[Stassfurt]], [[Germany]]; the [[Perm Basin]], [[Russia]]; and the [[Williston Basin]] in [[Saskatchewan, Canada]]. These deposits date from the [[Devonian]] through the [[Permian]] Periods. In contrast, both [[Israel]] and [[Jordan]] produce [[potash]] from the [[Dead Sea]] by using evaporation pans to further concentrate the brine until carnallite precipitates, dredging the carnallite from the pans, and processing to remove the [[magnesium chloride]] from the [[potassium chloride]]. |
Carnallite occurs with a sequence of potassium and magnesium evaporite minerals [[sylvite]], [[kainite]], [[picromerite]], [[polyhalite]] and [[kieserite]]. Carnallite is a somewhat rare double chloride mineral which only forms under a specific environmental conditions in an evaporating sea or [[sedimentary basin]]. It is mined for both potassium and magnesium and occurs in the evaporite deposits of [[Carlsbad, New Mexico]]; the [[Paradox Basin]] in [[Colorado]] and [[Utah]]; [[Stassfurt]], [[Germany]]; the [[Perm Basin]], [[Russia]]; and the [[Williston Basin]] in [[Saskatchewan, Canada]]. These deposits date from the [[Devonian]] through the [[Permian]] Periods. In contrast, both [[Israel]] and [[Jordan]] produce [[potash]] from the [[Dead Sea]] by using evaporation pans to further concentrate the brine until carnallite precipitates, dredging the carnallite from the pans, and processing to remove the [[magnesium chloride]] from the [[potassium chloride]]. |
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Revision as of 13:03, 20 February 2008
Carnallite is an evaporite mineral, a hydrated potassium magnesium chloride with formula: KMgCl3·6(H2O). It is variably colored yellow to white, reddish, to rarely colorless and blue. It is usually massive to fibrous with rare pseudohexagonal orthorhombic crystals. It is transparent to translucent with a greasy luster. The refractive indices are nα=1.467 nβ=1.476 nγ=1.494. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 and a specific gravity of 1.6. The mineral is deliquescent (absorbs moisture from the surrounding air) and specimens must be stored in an airtight container.
Carnallite occurs with a sequence of potassium and magnesium evaporite minerals sylvite, kainite, picromerite, polyhalite and kieserite. Carnallite is a somewhat rare double chloride mineral which only forms under a specific environmental conditions in an evaporating sea or sedimentary basin. It is mined for both potassium and magnesium and occurs in the evaporite deposits of Carlsbad, New Mexico; the Paradox Basin in Colorado and Utah; Stassfurt, Germany; the Perm Basin, Russia; and the Williston Basin in Saskatchewan, Canada. These deposits date from the Devonian through the Permian Periods. In contrast, both Israel and Jordan produce potash from the Dead Sea by using evaporation pans to further concentrate the brine until carnallite precipitates, dredging the carnallite from the pans, and processing to remove the magnesium chloride from the potassium chloride.
Carnallite was first described in 1856 from its type location of Stassfurt Deposit, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was named for the Prussian mining engineer, Rudolph von Carnall (1804-1874).
See also
References
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