European Team Chess Championship

Gothenburg 2005: Sokolov Netherlands (left) plays Lautier France (right) as Korchnoi (far left) looks on.

The European Team Championship (often abbreviated in texts and games databases as ETC) is an international team chess event, eligible for the participation of European nations whose chess federations are located in zones 1.1 to 1.9. This more or less accords with the wider definition of Europe used in other events such as the Eurovision Song Contest and includes Israel, Russia and the former Soviet States. The competition is run under the auspices of FIDE.

Championship history

The idea was conceived in the early 1950s, when chess organisers became aware of the need for another international team event. Consequently, a men-only Championship was devised and held every four years, with the intention of filling in the gaps between Olympiads. More recently, the Championship has grown in importance and popularity and is regarded as a prestigious tournament in its own right, providing for male and female participants.

The first Championship Final was held in Vienna and Baden bei Wien in 1957 (August 22-28). It was a double round robin and notable for the surprise victory of the Yugoslav team over the mighty Soviet team in their second encounter.

For the next twenty years, Championships occurred at four-year intervals, although the Kapfenberg event was delayed by a year. Since 1977, successive tournaments have mainly been held on a three and then a two-year cycle. A Women's Championship, following the same cycle and venues as the men's, was established at Debrecen in 1992.

Championship format

Over the early years, the formula altered incrementally, to allow the participation of a growing number of teams. At the inaugural event, only four places were made available for the Finals and some teams expected to do well, simply failed to qualify from the preliminary rounds. By 1973, the competition had expanded to roughly double the size and there were twenty-four nations in the preliminaries, competing for eight places in the Finals, held in Bath. Conversely, over the same period, the number of boards played in a match was reduced from 10 to 8, presumably to reduce costs for organisers and participatory federations.

Into the new millennium, the format has changed radically and is now based on a Swiss system in 9 rounds, on the model of the Olympiad, with one section for the men's teams and one section for the women's teams, considered as separate competitions. At Gothenburg in 2005, the men's competition comprised 40 teams (including Sweden B and Sweden C) and the women's competition, 26 teams (including Sweden B). Each round was contested over 4 boards and squads included a reserve.

Historically, teams played for the pleasure of winning the Europa Cup, but nowadays this has been overshadowed by the popular medal-winning format of the 'Olympics' and Chess Olympiad. Gold, Silver and Bronze medals are awarded to the top 3 teams and also as board prizes for outstanding individual performances.

Plovdiv 2003 heralded a major change in the scoring methodology. Both the men's and women's events were, for the first time, scored by total of match points, rather than game points as had previously been the case. Game points are still recorded for purposes of tie-splitting.

The 2009 event will be held in Novi Sad, Serbia.

Summary of results

Men's team medals

Year	Location	Gold medal	Silver medal	Bronze medal
1957	Vienna	USSR 41	Yugoslavia 34	Czechoslovakia 24.5
1961	Oberhausen	USSR 74.5	Yugoslavia 58.5	Hungary 53
1965	Hamburg	USSR 66	Yugoslavia 57	Hungary 57
1970	Kapfenberg	USSR 52.5	Hungary 41	East Germany 39.5
1973	Bath	USSR 40.5	Yugoslavia 34	Hungary 33
1977	Moscow	USSR 41.5	Hungary 31	Yugoslavia 30
1980	Skara	USSR 36.5	Hungary 29	England 28.5
1983	Plovdiv	USSR 38	Yugoslavia 33	Hungary 31
1989	Haifa	USSR 36	Yugoslavia 33	West Germany 31.5
1992	Debrecen	Russia 25	Ukraine 22.5	England 21.5
1997	Pula	England 22.5	Russia 22.5	Armenia 22
1999	Batumi	Armenia 22.5	Hungary 22	Germany 21
2001	León	Netherlands 24.5	France 23	Germany 22
2003	Plovdiv	Russia 17	Israel 15	Georgia 13
2005	Gothenburg	Netherlands 15	Israel 14	France 13
2007	Crete	Russia 17	Armenia 14	Azerbaijan 13

Women's team medals

Year	Location	Gold medal	Silver medal	Bronze medal
1992	Debrecen	Ukraine 13.5	Georgia 13	Azerbaijan 12.5
1997	Pula	Georgia 13	Romania 12	England 12
1999	Batumi	Slovakia 12.5	Yugoslavia 12	Romania 12
2001	León	France 12.5	Moldova 12	England 12
2003	Plovdiv	Armenia 14	Hungary 14	Russia 13
2005	Gothenburg	Poland 15	Georgia 14	Russia 12
2007	Crete	Russia 17	Poland 13	Armenia 13

References

• Olimpbase - Olympiads and other Team event information
• Rules of ETC - FIDE Handbook
• Sunnucks, Anne (1970). The Encyclopaedia of Chess. Hale. ISBN 0709110308.
• Kazić, Bozidar M. (1974). International Championship Chess. Batsford. ISBN 0-7134-2795-7.

External links

• 2007 Championship, Crete
• 2005 Championship, Goteborg
• 2003 Championship, Plovdiv - and link to historical ETC games archive