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{{Redirect|Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz|the [[Sesame Street]] song|ABC-DEF-GHI}}
{{Unreferenced|date=April 2008}}{{Infobox WS
|name=Latin alphabet
|type=[[Alphabet]]
|languages=[[Latin language|Latin]] and [[Romance languages]]; most [[languages of Europe]]; [[Romanization]]s exist for practically all known languages.
|time=~700 B.C. to the present.
|fam1=[[Proto-Canaanite alphabet]]
|fam2=[[Phoenician alphabet]]
|fam3=[[Greek alphabet]]
|fam4=[[Old Italic alphabet]]
|sisters=[[Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]]<br>[[Coptic alphabet|Coptic]]<br>[[Armenian alphabet|Armenian]]<br>[[Runic alphabet|Runic/Futhark]]
|children=Numerous: see [[Alphabets derived from the Latin]]
|sample=Caslon-schriftmusterblatt.jpeg
|image_size=200px
|unicode=See [[Latin characters in Unicode]]
|iso15924=Latn
|IPAChartEng=1
}}
{{alphabet}}
The '''Latin alphabet''', also called the '''Roman alphabet''', is the most widely used [[alphabet]]ic [[writing system]] in the world today. It evolved from the western variety of the [[Greek alphabet]] called the [[Cumae alphabet|Cumaean alphabet]], and was initially developed by the [[Ancient Rome|ancient Roman]]s in [[Classical Antiquity]] to write the [[Latin|Latin language]].

During the [[Middle Ages]], it was adapted to the [[Romance languages]], the direct descendants of Latin, as well as to the [[Celtic languages|Celtic]], [[Germanic languages|Germanic]], [[Baltic languages|Baltic]], and some [[Slavic languages]], and finally to most of the [[languages of Europe]].

With the [[First European colonization wave (15th century–19th century)|age of colonialism]] and [[Christian proselytism]], the Latin alphabet was spread overseas, and applied to [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|Amerindian]], [[Indigenous Australian languages|Indigenous Australian]], [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]], [[East Asia]]n, and [[Languages of Africa|African]] languages. More recently, western [[linguistics|linguists]] have also tended to prefer the Latin alphabet or the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (itself largely based on the Latin alphabet) when transcribing or devising written standards for non-European languages, such as the [[African reference alphabet]].

In modern usage, the term "Latin alphabet" is used for any straightforward derivation of the alphabet first used to write Latin. These variants may discard some letters (like the [[Rotokas alphabet]]) or add extra letters (like the [[Danish and Norwegian alphabet]]) to or from the classical Roman script. Letter shapes have changed over the centuries, including the creation of entirely new [[lower case]] forms.

==History==
{{main|History of the Latin alphabet}}

===Origins===
It is generally held that the [[Latins]] adopted the [[Cumae alphabet‎]], a variant of the [[Greek alphabet]], in the [[7th century B.C.]] from [[Cumae]], a [[Magna Graecia|Greek colony]] in [[Southern Italy]].{{Who|date=August 2007}} Roman legend credited the introduction to one [[Evander]], son of the [[Sibyl]], supposedly 60 years before the [[Trojan War]], but there is no historically sound basis to this tale. From the Cumae alphabet, the [[Old Italic alphabet|Etruscan alphabet]] was derived and the Latins eventually adopted 21 of the original 26 Etruscan letters.
{| align="left" style="text-align:center; border:2px solid #999; font-size:larger; margin:1em" summary="Original Latin alphabet, in the modern equivalent letters"
|+ style="font-size:smaller;" | '''Original Latin alphabet of the 7th c. BC'''
| A || B || C || D || E || F || Z
|-
| H || I || K || L || M || N || O
|-
| P || Q || R || S || T || V || X
|}

The letter ''C'' was the western form of the Greek [[gamma]], but it was used for the sounds {{IPA|/g/}} and {{IPA|/k/}} alike, possibly under the influence of [[Etruscan language|Etruscan]], which lacked any voiced [[Stop consonant|plosive]]s. Later, probably during the [[3rd century BC]], the letter ''Z'' &mdash; unneeded to write Latin proper &mdash; was replaced with the new letter ''G'', a ''C'' modified with a small horizantal stroke, which took its place in the alphabet. From then on, ''G'' represented the [[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]] plosive {{IPA|/g/}}, while ''C'' was generally reserved for the voiceless plosive {{IPA|/k/}}. The letter ''K'' was used only rarely, in a small number of [[loanword]]s such as ''[[Kalends|Kalendae]]'', often interchangeably with ''C''.

After the Roman conquest of [[Greece]] in the [[1st century BC|first century BC]], Latin adopted the Greek letters ''Y'' and ''Z'' (or rather readopted, in the latter case) to write [[Greek language|Greek]] loanwords, placing them at the end of the alphabet. An attempt by the emperor [[Claudius]] to introduce three [[Claudian letters|additional letters]] did not last. Thus it was that during the [[classical Latin]] period the Latin alphabet contained 23 letters:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | Letter
! [[A]] || [[B]] || [[C]] || [[D]] || [[E]] || [[F]] || [[G]] || [[H]]
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | Name
| ā || bē || cē || dē || ē || ef || gē || hā
|- class="IPA"
! style="text-align:right;" | Pronunciation ([[help:IPA|IPA]])
| /aː/ || /beː/ || /keː/ || /deː/ || /eː/ || /ef/ || /geː/ || /haː/
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | Letter
! [[I]] || [[K]] || [[L]] || [[M]] || [[N]] || [[O]] || [[P]] || [[Q]]
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | Name
| ī || kā || el || em || en || ō || pē || qū
|- class="IPA"
! style="text-align:right;" | Pronunciation ([[help:IPA|IPA]])
| /iː/ || /kaː/ || /el/ || /em/ || /en/ || /oː/ || /peː/ || /kʷuː/
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | Letter
! [[R]] || [[S]] || [[T]] || [[V]] || [[X]] || colspan=2| [[Y]] || [[Z]]
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | Name
| er || es || tē || ū || ex || colspan=2| ī Graeca || zēta
|- class="IPA"
! style="text-align:right;" | Pronunciation ([[help:IPA|IPA]])
| /er/ || /es/ || /teː/ || /uː/ || /eks/ || colspan=2| /iː ˈgraika/ || /ˈzeːta/
|}
[[Image:Duenos inscription.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Duenos inscription]], dated to the [[6th century BC]], shows the earliest known forms of the [[Old Latin]] alphabet.]]

The Latin names of some of these letters are disputed. In general, however, the Romans did not use the traditional ([[Proto-Canaanite alphabet|Semitic]]-derived) names as in Greek: the names of the [[plosives]] were formed by adding {{IPA|/eː/}} to their sound (except for ''K'' and ''Q'', which needed different vowels to be distinguished from ''C'') and the names of the [[continuant]]s consisted either of the bare sound, or the sound preceded by {{IPA|/e/}}. The letter ''Y'' when introduced was probably called ''hy'' {{IPA|/hyː/}} as in Greek, the name [[upsilon]] not being in use yet, but this was changed to ''i Graeca'' (Greek i) as Latin speakers had difficulty distinguishing its foreign sound {{IPA|/y/}} from {{IPA|/i/}}. ''Z'' was given its Greek name, [[zeta (letter)|zeta]]. For the Latin sounds represented by the various letters see [[Latin spelling and pronunciation]]; for the names of the letters in English see [[English alphabet]].

[[Old Roman cursive]] script, also called [[majuscule]] cursive and capitalis cursive, was the everyday form of handwriting used for writing letters, by merchants writing business accounts, by schoolchildren learning the Latin alphabet, and even [[Roman Emperor|emperors]] issuing commands. A more formal style of writing was based on [[Roman square capitals]], but cursive was used for quicker, informal writing. It was most commonly used from about the [[1st century BC]] to the [[3rd century]], but it probably existed earlier than that. It led to [[Uncial script|Uncial]], a majuscule script commonly used from the 3rd to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes.

[[New Roman cursive]] script, also known as [[lower case|minuscule]] cursive, was in use from the 3rd century to the 7th century, and uses letter forms that are more recognizable to modern eyes; ''a'', ''b'', ''d'', and ''e'' had taken a more familiar shape, and the other letters were proportionate to each other. This script evolved into the medieval scripts known as [[Merovingian script|Merovingian]] and [[Carolingian minuscule]].

===Medieval and later developments===
It was not until the [[Middle Ages]] that the letter ''[[W]]'' (originally a [[ligature (typography)|ligature]] of ''V'' and ''V'') was added to the Latin alphabet, to represent sounds from the [[Germanic language]]s which did not exist in medieval Latin, and only after the [[Renaissance]] did the convention of treating ''I'' and ''[[U]]'' as [[vowel]]s, and
''[[J]]'' and ''V'' as [[consonant]]s, become established. Prior to that, the former had been merely [[glyph]] variants of the latter.

With the fragmentation of political power, the [[Palaeography|style of writing]] changed and varied greatly throughout the Middle Ages, and even after the invention of the [[printing press]]. Early deviations from the classical forms were the [[uncial script]], a development of the [[Old Roman cursive]], and various so-called minuscule scripts that developed from [[New Roman cursive]], of which the [[Carolingian minuscule]] was the most influential, introducing the [[lower case]] forms of the letters, as well as other writing conventions that have since become standard.

The languages that use the Latin alphabet today generally use [[capital letters]] to begin paragraphs and sentences and [[Noun|proper nouns]]. The rules for [[capitalization]] have changed over time, and different languages have varied in their rules for capitalization. [[Old English language|Old English]], for example, was rarely written with even proper nouns capitalised; whereas [[Modern English]] of the 18th century had frequently all nouns capitalised, in the same way that Modern [[German language|German]] is today, e.g. "All the Sisters of the old Town had seen the Birds".

===Spread of the Latin alphabet===
The Latin alphabet spread, along with the [[Latin|Latin language]], from the [[Italian Peninsula]] to the lands surrounding the [[Mediterranean Sea]] with the expansion of the [[Roman Empire]]. The eastern half of the Empire, including [[Greece]], [[Asia Minor]], the [[Levant]], and [[Egypt]], continued to use [[Greek language|Greek]] as a [[lingua franca]], but Latin was widely spoken in the western half, and as the western [[Romance languages]] evolved out of Latin, they continued to use and adapt the Latin alphabet.

With the spread of [[Western Christianity]] during the [[Middle Ages]], the alphabet was gradually adopted by the peoples of [[northern Europe]] who spoke [[Insular Celtic languages|Celtic languages]] (displacing the [[Ogham]] alphabet) or [[Germanic languages]] (displacing their earlier [[Runic alphabet]]s), [[Baltic languages]], as well as by the speakers of several [[Finno-Ugric languages]], most notably [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]] and [[Estonian language|Estonian]]. The alphabet also came into use for writing the [[West Slavic languages]] and several [[South Slavic languages]], as the people who spoke them adopted [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]. The speakers of [[East Slavic languages]] generally adopted the [[Cyrillic alphabet]] along with [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]]. The [[Serbian language]] uses both alphabets.

As late as [[1492]], the Latin alphabet was limited primarily to the languages spoken in [[Western Europe|Western]], [[Northern Europe|Northern]], and [[Central Europe]]. The [[Orthodox Christian]] Slavs of [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Southeastern Europe]] mostly used the [[Cyrillic alphabet]], and the Greek alphabet was still in use by Greek-speakers around the eastern Mediterranean. The [[Arabic alphabet]] was widespread within Islam, both among [[Arab]]s and non-Arab nations like the [[Iranian peoples|Iranians]], [[Indonesians]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]]s, and [[Turkic peoples]]. Most of the rest of Asia used a variety of [[Brahmic family|Brahmic alphabets]] or the [[Chinese script]].

[[Image:Latin alphabet world distribution.svg|thumb|right|350px|Latin alphabet world distribution. The dark green areas shows the countries where this alphabet is the sole main script. The light green shows the countries where the alphabet co-exists with other scripts.]]

Over the past 500 years, the alphabet has spread around the world, to [[the Americas]], [[Oceania]], and parts of [[Asia]], [[Africa]], and the Pacific with European colonization, along with the [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], and [[Dutch language|Dutch]] languages. The Latin alphabet is also used for many [[Austronesian languages]], including [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] and the other [[languages of the Philippines]], and the official [[Bahasa Malaysia|Malaysian]] and [[Indonesian language]]s, replacing earlier Arabic and indigenous Brahmic alphabets. Some glyph forms from the Latin alphabet served as the basis for the forms of the symbols in the [[Cherokee syllabary]] developed by [[Sequoyah]]; however, the sounds of the final [[syllabary]] were completely different. [[L. L. Zamenhof]] used the Latin alphabet as the basis for the alphabet of [[Esperanto]].

In the late eighteenth century, the [[Romania]]ns adopted the Latin alphabet, primarily because [[Romanian language|Romanian]] is a Romance language. The Romanians were predominantly Orthodox Christians, and their Church had promoted the Cyrillic alphabet prior to that. Under French rule and Portuguese missionary influence, the Latin alphabet was adapted for writing the [[Vietnamese language]], which had previously used [[Chu nom|Chinese-like characters]]. In [[1928]], as part of [[Kemal Atatürk]]'s reforms, [[Turkey]] adopted the Latin alphabet for the [[Turkish language]], replacing the Arabic alphabet. Most of [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]-speaking peoples of the former [[USSR]], including [[Tatars]], [[Bashkirs]], [[Azeri]], [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]], [[Kyrgyz]] and others, used the Latin-based [[Uniform Turkic alphabet]] in the [[1930s]], but in the [[1940s]] all those alphabets were replaced by Cyrillic. After the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]] in [[1991]], several of the newly-independent Turkic-speaking republics, namely [[Azerbaijan]], [[Uzbekistan]], and [[Turkmenistan]], as well as Romanian-speaking [[Moldova]], have officially adopted the Latin alphabet for [[Azerbaijani language|Azeri]], [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]], [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]], respectively. [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Tajikistan]], and the breakaway region of [[Transnistria]] kept the Cyrillic alphabet, chiefly due to their close ties with Russia.

==Extensions==
{{main|Alphabets derived from the Latin}}
In the course of its use, the Latin alphabet was adapted for use in new languages, sometimes representing [[phoneme]]s not found in languages that were already written with the Roman characters. To represent these new sounds, extensions were therefore created, be it by adding [[diacritic]]s to existing letters, by joining multiple letters together to make [[ligature (typography)|ligatures]], by creating completely new forms, or by assigning a special function to pairs or triplets of letters. These new forms are given a place in the alphabet by defining a [[collation|alphabetical order]] or collation sequence, which can vary with the particular language.

===Ligatures===
{{main|Ligature (typography)}}
A [[ligature (typography)|ligature]] is a fusion of two or more ordinary letters into a new [[glyph]] or character. Examples are [[Æ|ash]], ''Æ/æ'' (from ''AE''), ''[[Œ|Œ/œ]]'' (from ''OE''), the [[abbreviation]] ''[[&]]'' (from [[Latin language|Latin]] ''et'' "and"), and the [[German language|German]] ''[[ß|Eszett]]'', ''ß'' (from ''ſz'', the [[Long s|archaic medial form of ''s'']], followed by a ''z'').

===Wholly new letters===
{{main|List of Latin letters}}

Examples are the [[Runic alphabet|Runic]] letters [[wynn]] ({{Unicode|''Ƿ/ƿ''}}) and [[thorn (letter)|thorn]] (''Þ/þ''), and the [[Insular script|Irish]] letter [[Eth (letter)|eth]] (''Ð/ð''), which were added to the alphabet of [[Old English language|Old English]]. Another Irish letter, the [[Insular G|insular ''g'']], developed into [[yogh]] (Ȝ/ȝ), used in [[Middle English]]. Wynn was later replaced with the new letter ''w'', eth and thorn with ''[[Pronunciation of English th|th]]'', and yogh with ''[[Gh (digraph)|gh]]''. Although the four are no longer part of the English alphabet, eth and thorn are still used in the modern [[Icelandic alphabet]].

The [[Azerbaijani alphabet]] has adopted the [[Ə|letter schwa]] {{Unicode|''Ə/ə''}} from the [[help:IPA|International Phonetic Alphabet]], using it to represent the sound {{IPA|[æ]}}. Some West, Central and [[Southern Africa]]n languages use a few additional letters which have a similar sound value to their equivalents in the IPA. For example, [[Adangme language|Adangme]] uses the letters {{Unicode|''Ɛ/ɛ''}} and {{Unicode|''Ɔ/ɔ''}}, and [[Ga language|Ga]] uses {{Unicode|''Ɛ/ɛ''}}, ''Ŋ/ŋ'' and {{Unicode|''Ɔ/ɔ''}}. [[Hausa language|Hausa]] uses {{unicode|''Ɓ/ɓ''}} and {{unicode|''Ɗ/ɗ''}} for [[implosive consonant|implosives]], and {{unicode|''Ƙ/ƙ''}} for an [[ejective consonant|ejective]]. [[African studies|Africanists]] have standardized these into the [[African reference alphabet]].

===Digraphs and trigraphs===
:''Main articles: [[Digraph (orthography)|Digraph]] and [[Trigraph (orthography)|Trigraph]]''
A digraph is a pair of letters used to write one sound or a combination of sounds that does not correspond to the written letters in sequence. Examples are ''[[Ch (digraph)|CH]]'', ''[[Rh (digraph)|RH]]'', ''[[Sh (digraph)|SH]]'' in English, or the [[IJ (digraph)|Dutch ''IJ'']] (note that ''ij'' is capitalised as ''IJ'', never ''Ij'', and that it often takes the appearance of a ligature in [[handwriting]]). A trigraph is made up of three letters, like the German ''[[Sch (trigraph)|SCH]]''. In the [[orthography|orthographies]] of some languages, digraphs and trigraphs are regarded as independent letters of the alphabet in their own right.

===Diacritics===
{{main|Diacritic}}

A diacritic, in some cases also called an accent, is a small symbol which can appear above or below a letter, or in some other position, such as the [[umlaut (diacritic)|umlaut sign]] used in the German characters ''[[Ä]]'', ''[[Ö]]'', ''[[Ü]]''. Its main function is to change the phonetic value of the letter to which it is added, but it may also modify the pronunciation of a whole syllable or word, or distinguish between [[homonym|homograph]]s. As with letters, the value of diacritics is language-dependent.

===Collation===
{{main|Collating sequence}}

Modified letters such as the symbols ''Å'', ''Ä'', and ''Ö'' may be regarded as new individual letters in themselves, and assigned a specific place in the alphabet for [[collation]] purposes, separate from that of the letter on which they are based, as is done in [[Swedish alphabet|Swedish]]. In other cases, such as with ''Ä'', ''Ö'', ''Ü'' in German, this is not done, letter-diacritic combinations being identified with their base letter. The same applies to digraphs and trigraphs. Different diacritics may be treated differently in collation within a single language. For example, in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] the character ''[[Ñ]]'' is considered a letter in its own, and sorted between ''N'' and ''O'' in dictionaries, but the accented vowels ''Á'', ''É'', ''Í'', ''Ó'', ''Ú'' are not separated from the unaccented vowels ''A'', ''E'', ''I'', ''O'', ''U''.

==Romanization==
{{main|Romanization}}

Words from languages natively written with other [[Writing system|scripts]], such as [[Romanization of Arabic|Arabic]] or [[Romanization of Chinese|Chinese]], are usually [[transliteration|transliterated]] or [[Transcription (linguistics)|transcribed]] when embedded in Latin text or in [[Multilingualism|multilingual]] international communication, a process termed romanization.

Whilst the romanization of such languages is used mostly at unofficial levels, it has been especially prominent in computer messaging where only the limited 7-bit [[ASCII]] code is available on older systems. However, with the introduction of [[Unicode]], romanization is now becoming less necessary.

==The English alphabet==
{{main|English alphabet}}

As used in modern [[English language|English]], the Latin alphabet consists of the following [[grapheme|characters]]
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto; width:90%; border-collapse:collapse;"
|-
!bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="26" | [[Capital letters|Majuscule Forms]] (also called uppercase or capital letters)
|-
|[[A]]||[[B]]||[[C]]||[[D]]||[[E]]||[[F]]||[[G]]||[[H]]||[[I]]||[[J]]||[[K]]||[[L]]||[[M]]||[[N]]||[[O]]||[[P]]||[[Q]]||[[R]]||[[S]]||[[T]]||[[U]]||[[V]]||[[W]]||[[X]]||[[Y]]||[[Z]]
|-
!align="center" colspan="26" | [[Lower case|Minuscule Forms]] (also called lowercase or small letters)
|-
|a||b||c||d||e||f||g||h||i||j||k||l||m||n||o||p||q||r||s||t||u||v||w||x||y||z
|}

In addition, the [[ligature (typography)|ligatures]] ''[[Æ]]'' of ''A'' with ''E'' (e.g. "[[encyclopedia|encyclopædia]]"), and ''[[Œ]]'' of ''O'' with ''E'' (e.g. "[[body cavity|cœlom]]") may be used, optionally, in words derived from Latin or Greek, and the [[umlaut (diacritic)|diaeresis mark]] is sometimes placed for example on the letter ''o'' (e.g. "coöperate") to indicate the pronunciation of ''oo'' as two distinct vowels, rather than a long one. Outside of professional papers on specific subjects that traditionally use ligatures in [[loanword]]s, however, ligatures and diaereses are seldom used in modern English.

==Latin alphabet and international standards==
By the 1960s it became apparent to the computer and [[telecommunication]]s industries in the [[First World]] that a non-proprietary method of encoding characters was needed. The [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) encapsulated the Latin alphabet in their ([[ISO/IEC 646]]) standard. To achieve widespread acceptance, this encapsulation was based on popular usage. As the United States held a preeminent position in both industries during the 1960s the standard was based on the already published ''American Standard Code for Information Interchange'', better known as [[ASCII]], which included in the [[Character encoding|character set]] the 26 x 2 letters of the [[English alphabet]]. Later standards issued by the ISO, for example [[ISO/IEC 10646]] ([[Latin characters in Unicode|Unicode Latin]]), have continued to define the 26 x 2 letters of the English alphabet as the basic Latin alphabet with extensions to handle other letters in other languages.

{{Latin alphabet}}

==See also==
*[[Alphabets derived from the Latin]]
*[[Calculator spelling|Beghilos]] (Calculator spelling)
*[[Calligraphy]]
*[[Collating sequence]]
*[[Keyboard layout]]
*[[List of Latin letters]]
*[[Palaeography]]
*[[Penmanship]]
*[[Phoenician alphabet]]
*[[Roman letters used in mathematics]]
*[[Typography]]
*[[:Category:Latin-derived alphabets]]
<!---==References==--->

==Further reading==
*{{cite book| author = Jensen, Hans | year = 1970| title = Sign Symbol and Script | location= London | publisher=George Allen and Unwin Ltd| id = ISBN 0-04-400021-9 }}. Transl. of {{cite book | author = Jensen, Hans | title = Die Schrift in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart | publisher = VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften | year = 1958}}, as revised by the author
*{{cite book| author = [[Helmut Rix|Rix, Helmut]] | year = 1993 | chapter = La scrittura e la lingua|editor = [[Mauro Cristofani|Cristofani, Mauro]] (hrsg.) |title = Gli etruschi - Una nuova immagine|location= Firenze | publisher=Giunti|pages = S.199-227}}
*{{cite book| author = Sampson, Geoffrey | year = 1985| title = Writing systems | publisher = London (etc.): Hutchinson}}
*{{cite book| author = Wachter, Rudolf | year = 1987 | title = Altlateinische Inschriften: sprachliche und epigraphische Untersuchungen zu den Dokumenten bis etwa 150 v.Chr. Bern (etc.)}}: Peter Lang.
*{{cite book| chapter = The names of the letters of the Latin alphabet ''(Appendix C)'' | author = W. Sidney Allen| title = Vox Latina &mdash; a guide to the pronunciation of classical Latin | publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 1978 | id = ISBN 0-521-22049-1 (Second edition)}}
*{{cite book| author = Biktaş, Şamil | year = 2003 | title = Tuğan Tel}}
*[http://diacritics.typo.cz Diacritics Project &mdash; All you need to design a font with correct accents]
*[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3D%2319181 Lewis and Short ''Latin Dictionary'' on the letter ''G'']
*[http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Latin/Grammar/Latin-Alphabet.html Latin-Alphabet]
*[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/latin.htm Latin alphabet at omniglot.com]

<!--==Footnotes==-->
{{reflist}}
{{writing systems}}

[[Category:Latin alphabet|*]]

[[af:Latynse alfabet]]
[[als:Lateinisches Alphabet]]
[[ar:أبجدية لاتينية]]
[[arc:ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܠܛܝܢܝܐ]]
[[ast:Alfabetu llatín]]
[[az:Latın əlifbası]]
[[zh-min-nan:Lô-má-jī]]
[[ba:Латин әлифбаһы]]
[[be-x-old:Лацінскі альфабэт]]
[[bs:Latinica]]
[[br:Lizherenneg latin]]
[[bg:Латиница]]
[[ca:Alfabet llatí]]
[[cs:Latinka]]
[[de:Lateinisches Alphabet]]
[[et:Ladina kiri]]
[[el:Λατινικό αλφάβητο]]
[[es:Alfabeto latino]]
[[eo:Latina alfabeto]]
[[eu:Latindar alfabetoa]]
[[fa:الفبای لاتین]]
[[fr:Alphabet latin]]
[[fy:Latynske alfabet]]
[[fur:Alfabet latin]]
[[ga:Aibítir Laidineach]]
[[gl:Alfabeto latino]]
[[ko:로마자]]
[[hi:रोमन लिपि]]
[[hr:Latinica]]
[[io:Latina alfabeto]]
[[id:Abjad Latin]]
[[ia:Alphabeto latin]]
[[iu:ᐃᓕᓴᐅᑎᒃ/ilisautik]]
[[is:Latneskt stafróf]]
[[it:Alfabeto latino]]
[[he:אלפבית לטיני]]
[[ka:ლათინური დამწერლობა]]
[[sw:Alfabeti ya Kilatini]]
[[lad:Alefbet latino]]
[[la:Abecedarium Latinum]]
[[lv:Latīņu alfabēts]]
[[lt:Lotynų abėcėlė]]
[[lmo:Alfabett latin]]
[[hu:Latin ábécé]]
[[mk:Латиница]]
[[ms:Huruf Rumi]]
[[nah:Latintlahtōlmelāuhcān]]
[[nl:Latijns alfabet]]
[[nds-nl:Latainse alfabet]]
[[ne:रोमन वर्णमाला]]
[[ja:ラテン文字]]
[[no:Det latinske alfabetet]]
[[nn:Det latinske alfabetet]]
[[nrm:Alphabet latin]]
[[pl:Alfabet łaciński]]
[[pt:Alfabeto latino]]
[[ro:Alfabetul latin]]
[[rmy:Latinikano lekhipen]]
[[qu:Latin siq'i llumpa]]
[[ru:Латинский алфавит]]
[[sq:Alfabeti latin]]
[[simple:Roman alphabet]]
[[sk:Latinka]]
[[cu:Латиньска азъбѹкы]]
[[sl:Latinica]]
[[sr:Латиница]]
[[sh:Latinica]]
[[fi:Latinalaiset aakkoset]]
[[sv:Latinska alfabetet]]
[[tl:Alpabetong Latin]]
[[kab:Agemmay alatini]]
[[tt:Латин әлифба]]
[[th:อักษรละติน]]
[[ti:እንግሊዝኛ ፊደል]]
[[tr:Latin alfabesi]]
[[uk:Латинська абетка]]
[[zh:拉丁字母]]

Revision as of 23:04, 11 May 2008

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