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Revision as of 09:19, 12 May 2008


Broad gauge railways, by gauge and country

Gauge Country Notes
Metric
mm
Imperial
3,050 10 ft Isle of Man Breakwater Crane Railway
2,140 7 ft 0¼in Portugal (Azores) Ponta Delgada harbour
South Africa East London and Table Bay harbour railways
United Kingdom Brunel's Great Western Railway until converted to standard gauge by May 1892,
see Great Western Railway The "gauge war". Also harbour railways at the Isle of Portland (England), Holyhead (Wales), and Port Erin (Isle of Man).
2,000 6 ft 6¾ in United Kingdom (Scotland) Cairngorm Mountain Railway - Funicular
1,980 6 ft 51920 in Israel Haifa, Carmelit subway railway line - Funicular
1,945 6 ft 42340 in Netherlands
till 1866
1839–1866[1] Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij
1,880 6 ft 2 in United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) Ulster Railway, 1839–1846
1,829 6 ft 0 in United States Erie Railroad until about 1880
Russia Saint Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo Railway, 1837-1897
1,800 5ft 10⅞ in Germany Oberweißbacher Bergbahn (funicular section only)[2]
1,750[3] 5 ft 8910 in France Line from Paris to Limours via Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse (Ligne de Sceaux), until 1891
1,676 5 ft 6 in Argentina Almost all lines America Latina Logistica,[4] (Railroad Development Corporation[5]) (former San Martín line),
Nuevo Central Argentino (former Mitre line) and Ferrosur Roca
(former Ferrocarril General Roca), except Urquiza and Belgrano
Bangladesh
Canada Grand Trunk Railway, St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad and the
Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad until 1873, Specific names, Provincial gauge
Grand Trunk Railway of Canada[6]
Intercolonial Railway of Canada until 1875. See also Canada.
Chile Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado
India Major routes of Indian Railways , Delhi Metro , Kolkata Metro
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
United States Maine Central Railroad until 1871; BART - Bay Area Rapid Transit - San Francisco Bay Area.
1,672 5 ft 5⅞ in (six Castilian feet) Spain Original gauge
1,668 5 ft 556 in Portugal Adjusted from the original 1664 mm
Spain Adjusted from the original 1,672 mm

Barcelona Metro L1 line and all RENFE national railways (except High-Speed AVE lines Sevilla-Madrid-Tarragona-Barcelona and Madrid-Valladolid).

1,664 5 ft 5½ in (five Portuguese feet) Portugal Original gauge
1,638 5 ft 4½ in United States Baltimore Streetcar System (defunct)[1]
1,600 5 ft 3 in Australia States of South Australia, Victoria (Victorian broad gauge), New South Wales
(a few routes entering from Neighbouring Victoria only) and
Tasmania, Australia (one line, Deloraine to
Launceston,
opened in 1871 and converted to 42 in 1888).
Brazil Lines connecting the states of Rio de Janeiro,
São Paulo and Minas Gerais;
E.F.Carajás in Pará and Maranhão states, and Ferronorte in
Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states.
Germany Baden 1838 - 1854[2]
Ireland Both Republic and North, Irish broad gauge
New Zealand Canterbury Provincial Railways
(All routes gauge converted to 42 by 1876)
1,588 5 ft 2½in United States Pennsylvania Trolley gauge, see
Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority subway cars,
Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority streetcars
and New Orleans streetcars, Cincinnati[1][7]
1,581 5 ft 2¼in United States Philadelphia streetcars
1,575 5 ft 2 in Ireland Dublin and Drogheda Railway, 1844–1846
1537 5 ft 0½ in United Kingdom London and Blackwall Railway
1,524 5 ft 0 in Finland
USA The South - prior to and after the Civil War.
Panama Panama Railway prior to conversion to standard gauge
in 2000 to suit off-the-shelf supply.
Former Soviet Union Prior to narrowing the gauge by 4 mm to 1,520 mm in order to increase speeds using the same rolling stock
1,520 4 ft 1156 in Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Estonia
Georgia
Hong Kong Peak Tram
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Moldova
Mongolia
Poland Almost exclusively on one line, see Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa
Russia
Slovakia Only on one line ("Širokorozchodná trať" Maťovce - Haniska pri Košiciach) and from the border station of Čierna nad Tisou to the state border with Ukraine, both operated by ZSSK Cargo.
In 2008, the 1520 mm gauge was also proposed for a new rail line from the Ukrainian border to Bratislava.[8]
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
1,495 4 ft 10⅞ in Canada Toronto Transit Commission subway, light rail and streetcars).
See Toronto subway gauge
and Toronto streetcar gauge.
1,473 4 ft 10 in USA The Midwest - until after the Civil War (Ohio gauge)
1,448 4 ft 9 in England Manchester and Leeds Railway
1,445 4 ft 8⅞ in Italy Tramway networks in Milan, Turin and Rome, and until 1930 the railway network.
Spain Madrid Metro

Standard gauge railways 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in), by country

This is the Standard or international gauge

Country Companies Notes
Albania
Algeria
Argentina Railroad Development Corporation[9] - Former Urquiza Line
Australia New South Wales, interstate lines, Pilbara Railways
Austria
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil Estrada de Ferro do Amapá 1,440 mm or 4 ft 8.69 in;

Estrada de Ferro Jarí; São Paulo Metro line 4; Uruguaiana - Border to Argentina (mixed gauge 1,435 and 1,000 mm); Santana do Livramento - Border to Uruguay (mixed gauge 1,435 and 1,000 mm); Remaining tracks at Jaguarão (Rio Grande do Sul) currently without operation)

Bulgaria National Railway Infrastructure Company (NRIC),
Bulgarian State Railways (BDZ),
Sofia Underground[1],
Part of Sofia Tramway system[[2]]
Canada Canadian Pacific Railway, Canadian National Railways, VIA Rail, BC Rail; SkyTrain (Vancouver), O-Train, GO Transit, Edmonton Light Rail Transit, C-Train
China
Croatia Hrvatske Željeznice formed from former Yugoslav Railways; (see also Transport in Croatia).
Cuba
Czech Republic
Denmark
Egypt
England Liverpool and Manchester Railway Possibly the first railway built to standard gauge from the start.
Estonia Re-gauging all existing system from 1524 mm and mounting some industrial railways during WWII; 1944-45 all railways re-gauged to 1524 mm.
France
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong Rail transport in Hong Kong including 1432 on the MTR
Hungary
Iran
Iraq
Ireland Railway Procurement Agency Luas in Dublin
Israel
Italy
Japan Shinkansen, Keisei Line, Keikyu Line, Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line, Toei Asakusa Line, Hankyu Railway, Hanshin Railway, Kyoto Municipal Subway, Osaka Municipal Subway[10].
Korea
Lebanon all lines out of service and more or less dismantled
Libya network under construction
Macedonia
Malaysia RapidKL (Kelana Jaya Line, Ampang Line), KLIA Ekspres
Mexico[11]
Monaco
Montenegro
Morocco
Netherlands
Norway
Panama Panama Railway since 2000
Paraguay Ferrocarril Presidente Don Carlos Antonio Lopez, now Ferrocarril de Paraguay S.A. (FEPASA) Now working on 36 km out of Asuncion, as a tourist steam line; also on 5 km from Encarnacion to the border with the Argentine, carrying mainly exported soy; the rest of the 441 km of the line awaits its fate, while redevelopment plans come and go with regularity. The section from West of Encarnación to North of San Salvador and the complete San Salvador - Abaí branch have been dismantled by the railway itself to get funds through selling scrap.
Peru Railroad Development Corporation[12] Ferrocarril Central Andino Callao - Lima - La Oroya - Huancayo, La Oroya - Cerro del Pasco ; Ferrocarril del sur de Peru operated by Peru Rail Matarani - Arequipa - Puno and Puno - Cuzco; Ilo - Moquegua mining railroad; Tacna - Arica (Chile) international line, operated by Tacna province; Electric suburban railway of Lima
Philippines Manila Light Rail Transit and Manila Metro Rail Transit.
Poland
Romania
Russia Rostov-on-Don tramway, lines connecting Kaliningrad with Poland
Serbia
Singapore MRT
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Africa proposed for the Gautrain
Spain AVE High-Speed Train lines from Madrid to Seville, Malaga, Barcelona, Toledo, Huesca and Valladolid, Barcelona Metro L2, L3, L4, L5 lines. Barcelona FGC lines L6, L7, and Metro Vallès S1, S2, S5, S55. All other broad gauge and some narrow gauge.
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan Taipei Rapid Transit System and Taiwan High Speed Rail
Thailand Bangkok Skytrain, Bangkok Metro and Suvarnabhumi Airport Link (under construction).
Tunisia Northern part of the network
Turkey
United Kingdom (Great Britain)
United States
Uruguay
Vietnam north of Hanoi[13]

Medium gauge railways, by gauge and country

Medium gauge railways are narrow gauge railways of approximately 42 gauge and above. Although technically narrow gauge these railways are often built to substantial standards allowing much higher train speeds and capacity than narrow gauge lines of a smaller gauge.

Gauge Country Notes
Metric
mm
Imperial
1,422 4 ft 8 in USA Mount Washington Cog Railway
England prior to 1846 (proto standard gauge)
1,416 4 ft 7¾ in Scotland List of Tramways in Scotland
1,384 4 ft 6½ in various railways in Scotland
1,372 4 ft 6 in Japan Keiō Line, Toei Shinjuku Line, Toden Arakawa Line, Tokyu Setagaya Line, Hakodate tramway
Scotland various railways in Scotland
1,245 4 ft 1 in England Middleton Railway (standard gauge after 1881)
1,219 4 ft 0 in Wales Padarn Railway, Saundersfoot Railway
Scotland Glasgow Subway, Falkirk
England Furzebrook Railway, Redruth and Chasewater Railway
1,106 3 ft 7½ in Austria From Gmunden in the Salzkammergut to Budweis, now in the Czech Republic.
1,100 3 ft 7⅓in Brazil Santa Teresa streetcar in Rio de Janeiro
Italy SVIE network near Varese
1,093 3 ft 7 in Sweden The Köping-Uttersberg-Riddarhyttan Railway, 1864-1968. The gauge was by mistake
1,067 3 ft 6 in

"Cape gauge"

Angola Transport in Angola, Benguela railway
Australia Queensland , Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania
Botswana
Canada western New Brunswick until 1880s, all of Newfoundland until abandonment in September 1988 and Prince Edward Island until 1930, standard gauge until abandonment in December 1989, see Canada
Republic of Congo
Democratic Republic of Congo
Costa Rica
Ecuador
Estonia Tramway/ streetcar in Tallinn
Ghana
Haiti One of two track gauges known to be used in Haiti.
Honduras
Hong Kong Hong Kong Tramways
Indonesia
Japan Most lines
Malawi
Mozambique
Namibia
New Zealand
Nicaragua now lifted
Nigeria
Norway The gauge 1,067 mm was invented by C A Piehl and the first line was opened 1861. The nickname CAP-gauge is from his initals. There is a missunderstanding that CAP-gauge (Cape-gauge) is named after the Cape Province in South Africa. A number of main lines were in the 19th century built with 42, later rebuilt to normal gauge. Also some secondary railways. One is operated (about 8 km) as a museum railway, the Setesdalsbanen.
Russia Sakhalin Island
South Africa
Sudan
Sweden Several during the 19th century, now all closed.
Taiwan Taiwan Railway Administration system
Tanzania TAZARA only
USA Former Los Angeles Railway, the San Francisco cable car system.
Zambia
Zimbabwe National Railways of Zimbabwe
1055 3 ft 5½in Algeria
1,050 3 ft 513in Jordan Hejaz railway
Syria
1,050 3 ft 513in Lebanon & Syria former Beyrouth - Damascus Railway, mostly dismantled in Lebanon
1,050 3 ft 513in Israel (Palestine) & Saudi Arabia dismantled parts of former Hejaz railway

Narrow gauge railways, by gauge and country

Railways with a gauge above 22.75 and below 3 ft 5 in (1,041 mm).

Gauge Country Notes
Metric
mm
Imperial
1,009 3 ft 31116 in Bulgaria Most of tramways in Sofia, except for two lines with normal gauge
1,000 "Metre gauge" 3 ft 3⅜ in Argentina Ferrocarril General Manuel Belgrano, now Belgrano Cargas, Tren de las Nubes
Bangladesh
Benin
Brazil
Bolivia All Railway Lines
Burkina Faso
Burma
Cambodia
Cameroon
Chile Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado, Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia.
China
Croatia Tramways in Zagreb and Osijek
Denmark A few local railways. None remains
Finland Helsinki tram
France Historically used in many local and regional railways, only a few of which remain today. Includes Saint-Gervais-Vallorcine Line and Villefranche-Vernet-les-Bains - La Tour-de-Carol and Salbris - Luçay-le-Mâle operated by SNCF. Chemins de fer de la Provence; Chemins de fer Corses; Chemin de fer de La Mure
Germany Common on local railways "Kleinbahnen". Very few left in operation.
Greece mainly in the Peloponnese
India
Ivory Coast
Iraq
Kenya
Laos
Latvia Liepāja tramway
Malaysia KTM line
Mali
Norway Thamshavnbanen (heritage railway) and the Trondheim Tramway (Gråkallbanen)
Pakistan
Poland
Portugal
Romania Tram systems in Arad, Iaşi and Sibiu, also in Galaţi until fully replaced by standard gauge in 1975.
Russia Kaliningrad and Pyatigorsk tramways
Senegal
Singapore KTM line to Malaysia
Slovakia The gauge of Bratislava trams and also of a mountain railroad and a cogwheel railroad in the area of High Tatras.
Spain
Switzerland Nearly all narrow-gauge railways: suburban railways, mountain railways, rack railways, some long-distance railways and trams.
Tanzania except for TAZARA
Thailand
Tunisia
Uganda
Ukraine Lviv, Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr and Eupatoria tramways
Vietnam
950 3 ft 125 in Italy some regional railways
Eritrea
914 3 ft 0 in Canada White Pass and Yukon Railroad, Narrow gauge Canada
Colombia Colombian Railways
El Salvador
Guatemala Rail transport in Guatemala Ferrovías Guatemala[14]
Haiti One of two track gauges known to be used in Haiti.
Ireland County Donegal Railways Joint Committee (Closed - Part preserved),

Londonderry & Lough Swilly Railway (Closed), Cavan & Leitrim Railway (Closed - part preserved), West Clare Railway (Closed - part preserved), Ballycastle Railway (Closed), Giant's Causeway Tramway (Closed - part preserved), Ballymena & Larne Railway (Closed), Bord Na Mona - extensive industrial railway network.

Isle of Man Manx Electric Railway and Isle of Man Railway
Peru Huancayo - Huancavelica,[15] being converted to standard gauge, see Railroad Development Corporation, Cusco - Machu Picchu, Cusco - Machu Picchu[16] and Ferrocarril Central Andino
Spain Palma-Soller-Puerto de Soller line (Balearic Islands)
USA In Colorado) Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad, Georgetown Loop and the Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad; in California the Disneyland Railroad, the Ghost Town & Calico Railway, the Yosemite Mountain Sugar Pine Railroad, the Roaring Camp Railroads (3-foot) and the West Side Lumber Company railway; in Florida the Walt Disney World Railroad; in Oregon the Sumpter Valley Railroad.
912 2 ft 11⅞ in Georgia The 37 km Borjomi - Bakuriani line
900 2 ft 11716 in Austria Linz tramways
Estonia Vaivara-Viivikonna mine railway; re-gauged to standard gauge during WWII; after the war re-gauged to 1520.
Georgia (Abkhazia) New Athos Cave Railway
Poland Cracow tramways (re-gauged to standard gauge in 1953)
Portugal Lisboa tramways
891 2 ft 11110 in (3 Swedish feet) Sweden Many 891 mm lines were built during 19th and early 20th century by private companies. The state railroad company SJ always used 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) gauge during construction of its own railway lines. SJ later bought most of Sweden’s private railroad companies. Some have been converted to 1,435 mm. Of all 891 mm lines that existed, now only the Roslagsbanan (a commuter line going north-east from Stockholm) uses this gauge, and a number of museum railways.
850   Italy Ponte Tresa-Luino (1924: converted to 1100 mm gauge, 1950: closed)

Menaggio-Porlezza (1939: closed)

825 2 ft 8½ in United Kingdom Volk's Electric Railway
800 2 ft 7½ in Switzerland Numerous rack and mountain railways
Wales Snowdon Mountain Railway
785 2 ft 6910 in Poland
762 2 ft 6 in Australia Victorian narrow gauge lines including Puffing Billy tourist railway east of Melbourne.
Brazil Estrada de Ferro Oeste de Minas in Minas Gerais state, now operating only a small section between São João del Rey and Tiradentes).
Chile Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia (now 1 )
Estonia Industrial raiway in Tamsalu lime factory; during WWI re-gauged to 750 mm and used as a part of Paide-Tamsalu raiway; now dismounted.
Haiti One of two track gauges known to be used in Haiti
India Kalka-Shimla Railway
Japan Abō Forest Train (industrial railway),[17] Kintetsu Utsube Line, Kintetsu Hachiōji Line, Kurobe Gorge Railway, Kurobe Senyō Railway (industrial railway), Sangi Railway Hokusei Line
Sierra Leone
Sri Lanka The Kelani Valley railway line (now converted to broad gauge)
Taiwan Alishan Forest Railway
USA Omaha Zoo Railroad, Washington Park and Zoo Railway (Portland, Oregon), various logging railways in California[18]
United Kingdom Alford and Sutton Tramway, Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway, Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway, Almond Valley Light Railway, Sittingbourne & Kemsley Light Railway, Great Whipsnade Railway
760 2 ft 5910 in Austria[7]
Bulgaria Few railways, of which only Septemvri - Dobrinishte (125.3 km) remains in operation
Haiti Most sources claims, besides the wider gauge of 1,067 mm, the narrower of two gauges being used was 762 mm, but few others (CIA) use 760 mm on their documents.
Romania A few railways of this gauge; some renovated for the tourist industry: see Mocăniţă.
750 2 ft 5½ in Argentina Ferrocarril General Manuel Belgrano[19] (now probably 1 ?)
Ecuador[19]
Estonia
Greece Rack railway between Diakopto - Kalavryta at northern Peloponnesos
Latvia
Poland
Russia
Switzerland
Norway Only 1 heritage railway left (Aurskog-Hølandsbanen)
700 2 ft 3½ in Denmark Standard gauge for sugar beet railways; none remain.
686 2 ft 3 in Wales Talyllyn Railway, Corris Railway, Plynlimon and Hafan Tramway
Scotland Campbeltown and Machrihanish Light Railway
610 2 ft 0 in Australia Queensland: extensive network of sugar cane tramways
India Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
Japan Tateyama Sabō Erosion Control Works Service Train (industrial railway)
South Africa Port Elizabeth to Avontuur (284 km) and Port Shepstone to Harding (122 km)
United Kingdom Many lines
USA Billerica to Bedford, Massachusetts; 5 Maine railroads: Sandy River and Rangeley Lakes Railroad, Bridgton and Saco River Railroad, Monson Railroad, Kennebec Central Railroad, Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway; Boothbay Harbor, Maine supports a twenty four-inch narrow gauge railroad museum; Gilpin tramway of Colorado; Cripple Creek and Victor Railroad of Colorado; Silver City, Pinos Altos and Mogollon Railroad of New Mexico; "C.P. Huntingdon" commercially manufactured 24" park train rides exist in Roswell, New Mexico and Tucson, Arizona
603 1 ft 11¾in Wales Vale of Rheidol Railway
600
"Decauville gauge"
1 ft 11⅝in Brazil Estrada de Ferro Perus-Pirapora (Closed - part preserved)
Estonia
France Corsica, Chemins de Fer du Calvados, World War I trench railways
Greece Mt. Pelion railway
Latvia
Poland Żnińska Kolej Powiatowa - a narrow gauge railway running from Żnin via Wenecja, Biskupin to Gąsawa
Sweden once several, a few remaining as museum railways (Munkedal, Mariefred-Läggesta)
Wales Ffestiniog Railway, Welsh Highland Railway

Minimum gauge railways, by gauge and country

Gauge Country Notes
Metric
mm
Imperial
578 1 ft 10¾ in Wales Penrhyn Quarry Railway
500
"Decauville gauge"
1 ft 7¾ in Argentina Tren del Fin del Mundo, Ushuaia - Parque Nacional Tierra del Fuego
France Several Decauville railways
United Kingdom
482 1 ft 7 in Isle of Man Great Laxey Mine Railway
457 18 in United Kingdom Sand Hutton Light Railway, Steeple Grange Light Railway, Crewe Works Railway, Royal Arsenal Railway
USA Billy Jones Wildcat Railroad, Los Gatos, CA
381 15 in United Kingdom Duffield Bank Railway, Eaton Hall Railway, Perrygrove Railway, Bure Valley Railway, Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway
USA Redwood Valley Railway, Tilden Park, Berkeley, CA

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Railroad Gauge Width". Паровоз ИС. Российский железнодорожный портал. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  2. ^ a b Rieger, Bernhard (2006-04-23). "Breitspurbahn". Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  3. ^ "Écartement des rails". fr.wikipedia (in French). 2007-11-13. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  4. ^ "ALL - América Latina Logistica" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  5. ^ "ALL Central". Railroad Development Corporation. 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  6. ^ "Canada's Digital Collections archived at Library and Archives Canada". Government of Canada. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  7. ^ a b "Lijst van spoorwijdten". nl.wikipedia. 2007-11-25. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  8. ^ "Slovaks eye 4.3 bln euro railway for Russian goods" (Reuters, Thursday April 3 2008)
  9. ^ "ALL Mesopotamica". Railroad Development Corporation. 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  10. ^ "標準軌". ja.wikipedia (in Japanese). 2007-10-19. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  11. ^ "Mexlist". 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  12. ^ "Ferrocarril Central Andino". Railroad Development Corporation. 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  13. ^ "Railway Infrastructure". Vietnam Railways. 2005. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  14. ^ "Ferrovías Guatemala". Railroad Development Corporation. 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  15. ^ "Map of Peru". Railroad Development Corporation. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  16. ^ "RUTA CUSCO - MACHU PICCHU". Perurail. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  17. ^ "安房森林軌道". ja.wikipedia (in Japanese). 2007-10-10. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  18. ^ Elg, Lennart (2003-04-01). "30" Gauge Logging". Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  19. ^ a b Jane's World Railways. 1969–1970. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: date format (link)