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#REDIRECT [[List of Presidents of the United States]]
{{Infobox_President | name=John Tyler
| nationality=American
| image=John Tyler.png
| order=10th [[President of the United States]]
| term_start=[[April 4]], [[1841]]
| term_end=[[March 4]], [[1845]]
| predecessor=[[William Henry Harrison]]
| successor=[[James K. Polk]]
| birth_date={{birth date|1790|3|29|mf=y}}
| birth_place=[[Charles City County, Virginia]]
| death_date={{death date and age|1862|01|18|1790|03|29}}
| death_place=[[Richmond, Virginia]]
| spouse=[[Letitia Christian Tyler]] (1st wife)<br>[[Julia Gardiner Tyler]] (2nd wife)</td></tr>
| occupation=[[Lawyer]]
| party=[[United States Whig Party|Whig]], [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]
| vicepresident=None
| religion=[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal]] (possibly [[Deist]]) [http://www.adherents.com/people/pt/John_Tyler.html]
| alma_mater =[[The College of William and Mary]]
| signature=John Tyler Signature.png
| order2=10th [[Vice President of the United States]]
| term_start2=[[March 4]], [[1841]]
| term_end2=[[April 4]], [[1841]]
| president2=[[William Henry Harrison]]
| predecessor2=[[Richard Mentor Johnson]]
| successor2=[[George M. Dallas|George Dallas]]
| order3= 23rd [[Governor of Virginia]]
| term_start3= [[December 10]], [[1825]]
| term_end3= [[March 4]], [[1827]]
| predecessor3= [[James Pleasants]]
| successor3= [[William Branch Giles]]
| jr/sr4=United States Senator
| state4=[[Virginia]]
| term_start4= [[March 4]], [[1827]]
| term_end4= [[February 29]], [[1836]]
| predecessor4= [[John Randolph of Roanoke]]
| successor4= [[William C. Rives]]
| order5= [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]
| term_start5= [[March 3]], [[1835]]
| term_end5= [[December 6]], [[1835]]
| predecessor5= [[George Poindexter]]
| successor5= [[William R. King]]
|}}
'''John Tyler, Jr.''' ([[March 29]], [[1790]] &ndash; [[January 18]], [[1862]]) was the tenth [[President of the United States]] (1841-1845). A long-time [[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)|Democrat-Republican]], he was elected [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] on the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] ticket and on becoming president in 1841, broke with that party. His term as Vice President began on [[March 4]], [[1841]] and one month later, on April 4, incumbent President [[William Henry Harrison]] died of what is today believed to have been [[viral pneumonia]]. Harrison's death left Tyler, the [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]], and the American nation briefly confused on the [[United States presidential line of succession|process of succession]]. [[Opposition (parliamentary)|Opposition]] members in [[United States Congress|Congress]] argued for an acting [[Caretaker government#Caretakers|caretaker]] that would continue to use only the title Vice President. The act of taking over as official president, rather than as [[Acting President of the United States|acting president]], came from the influence of the [[William Henry Harrison#Administration and Cabinet|Harrison cabinet]] and some members of Congress. Members of Harrison's cabinet feared an ''acting'' leader would compromise the ability to successfully run the country. Tyler took the [[President of the United States oath of office|presidential oath of office]] on [[April 6]], [[1841]], initiating a custom that would govern future successions, and became the first U.S. vice president to assume the office of president upon the death of his predecessor. It was not until 1967 that Tyler's action of assuming full powers of the presidency was legally codified in the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-fifth Amendment]]. His most famous achievement was the [[annexation]] of the [[Republic of Texas]] in 1845. Tyler was the first president born after the adoption of the [[United States Constitution|U.S. Constitution]].

==Early life==
John Tyler was born the son of [[John Tyler, Sr.]] (1747-1813) and [[Mary Armistead]] (1761-1797), in [[Charles City County, Virginia]], as the second of eight children, and reputedly a descendant of [[Wat Tyler]].{{Fact|date=March 2008}} He is the first President born after the Ratification of the Constitution of the United States (Virginia having ratified it in 1788) making him the first President to be born a United States Citizen. He was educated at the [[College of William and Mary]] and went on to study law with his father, who became [[Governor of Virginia]] (1808-1811). Tyler was admitted to the [[bar (law)|bar]] in 1809 and commenced practice in Charles City County. He served as a captain of a volunteer military company in 1813 and became a member of the [[Virginia House of Delegates]] 1811-1816 and was later a member of the [[council of state]] in 1816.

==Career==
John Tyler was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the [[14th United States Congress|Fourteenth Congress]] to fill the vacancy caused by the death of [[John Clopton]]. He was reelected to the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Congresses and served from [[December 17]], [[1816]], to [[March 3]], [[1821]] in the House of Representatives. Tyler declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1820 because of impaired health. He became a member of the Virginia State house of delegates 1823-1825. Tyler was elected to be the [[Governor of Virginia]] (1825-1827). He was popularly known as voting against nationalist legislations and for his open opposition of the Compromise.

[[Image:Letitia Tyler.jpg|thumb|left|First wife, [[Letitia Christian Tyler]]]]
Tyler was elected as a [[Democratic-Republican Party|Jacksonian]] (later [[National Republican Party|Anti-Jacksonian]]) to the [[United States Senate]] in 1827. He was reelected in 1833 and served from March 4, 1827, to February 29, 1836, when he resigned. He served as [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate|President pro tempore of the Senate]] during the Twenty-third Congress (the only President to have served as President pro tempore of the Senate), and was chairman of the [[United States Senate Committee on the District of Columbia|Committee on the District of Columbia]] (Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses), as well as the Committee on Manufactures (Twenty-third Congress), a member of the Virginia State constitutional convention in 1829 and 1830 and a member of the Virginia State House of Delegates in 1839.

He was drawn into the newly-organized [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]], and was elected [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] in 1840 as running mate to [[William Henry Harrison]]. Their campaign slogans of "Log Cabins and Hard Cider" and "[[Tippecanoe and Tyler too]]" are among the most famous in American politics. "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" not only offered the slight sectionalism that would further be apparent in the presidency of Tyler, but also the [[nationalism]] that was imperative to gain the American vote. He was inaugurated March 4, 1841, and served until Harrison's death on April 4, 1841. Upon Harrison's death, Tyler became the new President. Tyler was the first Vice President to assume the Presidency in this manner.

He took the [[Oath of office of the President of the United States|presidential oath of office]] as specified by the Constitution on April 6. The [[United States Cabinet|Cabinet]] and Senate agreed with Tyler that he was President and not merely [[Acting President of the United States]], and as the Constitution was not explicit on that aspect of succession (until the 1967 ratification of the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|25th Amendment]]), both the House and Senate passed resolutions recognizing Tyler as President. He even delivered an Inaugural Address, proving his formal entrance into the position.

[[Image:Julia Tyler.gif|thumb|right|Second wife, [[Julia Gardiner Tyler]]]]
After his presidential career Tyler became a delegate to and president of the peace convention held in [[Washington, D.C.]] in 1861 as an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war. Tyler was a delegate to the [[Provisional Confederate Congress]] in 1861; elected to the House of Representatives of the Confederate Congress, but died in [[Richmond, Virginia]] before he could assume office. He is buried in [[Hollywood Cemetery]].

John Tyler was married twice. His first wife was Letitia Christian Tyler, with whom he had eight children. She died in the White House in September 1842. His second wife was Julia Gardiner Tyler ([[July 23]], [[1820]] - [[July 10]], [[1889]]), with whom he had seven children.

==Presidency 1841-1845==
===Policies===
[[Image:VPTyler-news-on-Harrison.jpg|thumb|left|1888 illustration of [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] Tyler receiving the news of [[President of the United States|President]] [[William Henry Harrison|Harrison]]'s death from [[Chief Clerk|Chief Clerk of the State Department]] [[Fletcher Webster]]]]
Tyler's Presidency was rarely taken seriously in his time. He was usually referred to as the "Acting President" or "His Accidency" by opponents. Further, Tyler quickly found himself at odds with his former political supporters. Harrison had been expected to adhere closely to [[United States Whig Party|Whig Party]] policies and work closely with Whig leaders, particularly [[Henry Clay]]. Tyler shocked [[Congress of the United States|Congressional]] Whigs by vetoing virtually their entire agenda, twice vetoing Clay's legislation for a national banking act following the [[Panic of 1837]] and leaving the government deadlocked. Tyler was officially expelled from the Whig Party in 1841, a few months after taking office, and became known as "the man without a party." The entire cabinet he had inherited from Harrison resigned in September, aside from [[Daniel Webster]], [[U.S. Secretary of State|Secretary of State]], who remained to finalize the [[Webster-Ashburton Treaty]] in 1842, demonstrating his independence from Clay.

For two years, Tyler struggled with the Whigs, but when he nominated [[John C. Calhoun]] as Secretary of State, to 'reform' the [[U.S. Democratic Party|Democrats]], the gravitational swing of the Whigs to identify with "the North" and the Democrats as the party of "the South," led the way to the sectional party politics of the next decade. Tyler was the first president to have a veto overridden by Congress, when both houses overrode a veto on a bill relating to revenue cutters and steamers on Tyler's last full day in office; March 3, 1845.

The last year of Tyler's presidency was marred by a freak accident that killed two of his Cabinet members. During a ceremonial cruise down the [[Potomac River]] on [[February 28]], [[1844]], the main gun of the [[USS Princeton (1843)|USS ''Princeton'']] blew up during a demonstration firing, instantly killing [[Thomas Walker Gilmer|Thomas Gilmer]], the [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]], and [[Abel P. Upshur]], the [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]]. Julia Gardiner (whom Tyler had met two years earlier at a reception, and would go on to become his second wife) was also aboard the ''Princeton'' that day. Her father, David Gardiner, was among those killed during the explosion. Upon hearing of her father's death, Gardiner fainted into the President's arms.<ref>Paletta, Lu Ann and Worth, Fred L. (1988). "The World Almanac of Presidential Facts". </ref> Tyler and Gardiner were married not long afterwards in New York City, on [[June 26]], [[1844]].

===Annexation of Texas===
[[Image:Uncle Sam and his servants.jpg|thumb|right|''Uncle Sam and his Servants''<br>An anti-Tyler satire lampoons President Tyler's efforts to secure a second term against challengers [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] [[Henry Clay]] and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] [[James K. Polk]]. Clay, Polk, [[John C. Calhoun]] and [[Andrew Jackson]] attempt to get in as Tyler pushes the door shut on them. [[Uncle Sam]] demands that Tyler stop and let Clay in.]]
Tyler advocated annexation of [[Texas]] to the Union. Many Whigs opposed this expansion because it would upset the balance between North and South and risked war with Mexico. However the Whigs lost the 1844 election to [[James K. Polk]], who favored annexation. When the Senate blocked a treaty (which needed a 2/3 vote), Tyler pushed Congress to annex Texas through an adopted joint resolution. The tactic worked and it passed the House 132-72 and the Senate 27-25. The [[Missouri Compromise]] helped to promise security to the west of the United States with the line of 36°30'N. Such meant that any states north of the line would be free and those south of the line would be open to slavery. The option to potentially have four more states south of the line, left the House ready and willing to pass the bill. On March 3, Tyler sent instructions to his representative in Texas, [[Andrew Jackson Donelson]], to announce the annexation. The next day, he left office. Even with a brief period of skeptical instinct, Polk told Donelson to carry out the orders of Tyler. Texas formally joined the Union on [[December 29]], [[1845]], when James K. Polk was President.

===Rhode Island's Dorr Rebellion===
In May 1842, when the [[Dorr Rebellion]] in [[Rhode Island]] came to a head, Tyler pondered the request of the governor and legislature to send in Federal troops to help it suppress the Dorrite insurgents. The insurgents under Thomas Dorr had armed themselves and proposed to install a new state constitution. Previous to such acts, Rhode Island had been following the same constitutional structure that was established in 1663. Tyler called for calm on both sides, and recommended the governor enlarge the franchise to let most men vote. Tyler promised that in case an actual insurrection should break out in Rhode Island he would employ force to aid the regular, or Charter, government. He made it clear that federal assistance would be given, not to prevent, but only to put down insurrection, and would not be available until violence had been committed. After listening to reports from his confidential agents, Tyler decided that the 'lawless assemblages' were dispersing and expressed his confidence in a "temper of conciliation as well as of energy and decision." He did not send any federal forces. The rebels fled the state when the state militia marched against them.<ref>Chitwood pp 326-30</ref> With their dispersion, they accepted the expansion of suffrage.

===Separation of Church and State===
On [[July 10]], [[1843]], President Tyler wrote a letter to Joseph Simpson which included the following text.
{{quotation| The United States has adventured upon a great and noble experiment, which is believed to have been hazarded in the absence of all previous precedent — that of total separation of Church and State. No religious establishment by law exists among us. The conscience is left free from all restraint and each is permitted to worship his Maker after his own judgment. The offices of the Government are open alike to all. No tithes are levied to support an established Hierarchy, nor is the fallible judgment of man set up as the sure and infallible creed of faith. The Mohammedan, if he will to come among us would have the privilege guaranteed to him by the Constitution to worship according to the Koran; and the East Indian might erect a shrine to Brahma if it so pleased him. Such is the spirit of toleration inculcated by our political institutions… The Hebrew persecuted and down trodden in other regions takes up his abode among us with none to make him afraid… and the Aegis of the government is over him to defend and protect him. Such is the great experiment which we have tried, and such are the happy fruits which have resulted from it; our system of free government would be imperfect without it.}}

===Impeachment attempt===
In 1843, after he vetoed a tariff bill, the House of Representatives considered the first [[impeachment]] resolution against a president in American history. A committee headed by former president [[John Quincy Adams]] concluded that Tyler had misused the veto, but the impeachment resolution did not pass.

===Nicknames===
John Tyler had three main nicknames. His first one was "Honest John" because he was honest and kind to the people. His second one was "His Accidency" because no one thought he should have been president when Harrison died in office, but as vice president he decided he should be president. His third one was "The Veto President" because he had vetoed so many laws.{{Fact|date=March 2008}}

===Administration and Cabinet===
[[Image:WHOportTyler.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Official White House portrait of John Tyler, oil on canvas, 1859 by [[George Peter Alexander Healy|George P. A. Healy]]. Located in the [[Blue Room (White House)|Blue Room]].]]
{{Infobox U.S. Cabinet
|align=left
|clear=yes
|Name=Tyler
|President=John Tyler
|President start=1841
|President end=1845
|Vice President=''None''
|Vice President start=1841
|Vice President end=1845
|State=[[Daniel Webster]] [[Whig Party (United States)|(W)]]
|State start=1841
|State end=1843
|State 2=[[Abel P. Upshur]] [[Whig Party (United States)|(W)]]
|State start 2=1843
|State end 2=1844
|State 3=[[John C. Calhoun]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|(D)]]
|State start 3=1844
|State end 3=1845
|War=[[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|John Bell]] [[Whig Party (United States)|(W)]]
|War date=1841
|War 2=[[John Canfield Spencer|John C. Spencer]] [[Whig Party (United States)|(W)]]
|War start 2=1841
|War end 2=1843
|War 3=[[James Madison Porter|James M. Porter]] [[Whig Party (United States)|(W)]]
|War start 3=1843
|War end 3=1844
|War 4=[[William Wilkins (United States Senator)|William Wilkins]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|(D)]]
|War start 4=1844
|War end 4=1845
|Treasury=[[Thomas Ewing|Thomas Ewing, Sr.]] [[Whig Party (United States)|(W)]]
|Treasury date=1841
|Treasury 2=[[Walter Forward]] [[Whig Party (United States)|(W)]]
|Treasury start 2=1841
|Treasury end 2=1843
|Treasury 3=[[John Canfield Spencer|John C. Spencer]] [[Whig Party (United States)|(W)]]
|Treasury start 3=1843
|Treasury end 3=1844
|Treasury 4=[[George M. Bibb]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|(D)]]
|Treasury start 4=1844
|Treasury end 4=1845
|Justice=[[John J. Crittenden]] [[Whig Party (United States)|(W)]]
|Justice date=1841
|Justice 2=[[Hugh S. Legaré]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|(D)]]
|Justice start 2=1841
|Justice end 2=1843
|Justice 3=[[John Nelson (lawyer)|John Nelson]] [[Whig Party (United States)|(W)]]
|Justice start 3=1843
|Justice end 3=1845
|Post=[[Francis Granger]] [[Whig Party (United States)|(W)]]
|Post date=1841
|Post 2=[[Charles A. Wickliffe]] [[Whig Party (United States)|(W)]]
|Post start 2=1841
|Post end 2=1845
|Navy=[[George Edmund Badger|George E. Badger]] [[Whig Party (United States)|(W)]]
|Navy date=1841
|Navy 2=[[Abel P. Upshur]] [[Whig Party (United States)|(W)]]
|Navy start 2=1841
|Navy end 2=1843
|Navy 3=[[David Henshaw]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|(D)]]
|Navy start 3=1843
|Navy end 3=1844
|Navy 4=[[Thomas Walker Gilmer|Thomas W. Gilmer]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|(D)]]
|Navy date 4=1844
|Navy 5=[[John Y. Mason]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|(D)]]
|Navy start 5=1844
|Navy end 5=1845
}}

===Supreme Court appointments===
Tyler appointed the following Justices to the [[Supreme Court of the United States]]:
* [[Samuel Nelson]] - 1845

Nelson's successful confirmation in February 1845 was a surprise. Tyler had failed to fill the vacancy left by [[Smith Thompson]], as the Whig-controlled Senate rejected his multiple nominees of John Spencer, Ruben Walworth, Edward King and John Read. King was rejected twice. Nelson, while a Democrat, had a reputation as a careful and noncontroversial jurist.

===States admitted to the Union===
* [[Florida]] &ndash; March 3, 1845
[[Image:TylerDaguerreotype.jpg|thumb|right|upright|A [[daguerreotype]] of John Tyler circa 1850.]]

==Post-Presidency==
Tyler retired to a Virginia [[plantation]] located on the [[James River (Virginia)|James River]] in [[Charles City County, Virginia]] and originally named "Walnut Grove." He renamed it "[[Sherwood Forest Plantation|Sherwood Forest]]" to signify that he had been "outlawed" by the Whig party. He withdrew from electoral politics, though his advice continued to be sought by states-rights Democrats.

===Confederate allegiances and death===
[[Image:john tyler stamp.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Tyler postage stamp]]
Tyler had long been an advocate of [[states' rights]], believing that the question of a state's "free" or "slave" status ought to be decided at the state level, with no input from federal government. He was a slaveholder for his entire life. He re-entered public life to sponsor and chair the [[Peace conference of 1861|Virginia Peace Convention]] in February 1861. The convention sought a compromise to avoid [[civil war]] while the [[Confederate States Constitution|Confederate Constitution]] was being drawn up at the [[Montgomery Convention]]. When the Senate rejected his plan, Tyler urged [[Virginia]]'s immediate [[secession]].

Having served in the provisional [[Confederate Congress]] in 1861, he was elected to the [[Confederate House of Representatives]] but died of [[bronchitis]] and bilious fever before he could take office. His final words were "I am going now, perhaps it is for the best." Tyler is buried in [[Hollywood Cemetery]] in [[Richmond, Virginia]]. The city of [[Tyler, Texas]] is named for him.<ref>{{cite book | last = Lamb | first = Brian | coauthors = the C-SPAN staff | title=Who's Buried in Grant's Tomb?: A Tour of Presidential Gravesites | location = Washington, DC | publisher = National Cable Satellite Corporation | year=2000 | id=ISBN 1-881846-07-5 }}</ref>

Throughout Tyler's life, he suffered from poor health. Frequent colds occurred every winter as he aged. After his exit from the White House, he fell victim to repeated cases of dysentery. He has been quoted as having many aches and pains in the last eight years of his life. In 1862, after complaining of chills and dizziness, he vomited and collapsed during the Congress of Confederacy. He was revived, yet the next day he admitted to the same symptoms. It was likely that John Tyler died of a stroke.

Tyler's death was the only one in presidential history not to be officially mourned in Washington, because of his allegiance to the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]]. Tyler is also sometimes considered the only president to die outside the [[United States]] seeing that his place of death, [[Richmond, Virginia]], was part of the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]] at the time. Tyler's favorite horse named "The General" is buried at his [[Sherwood Forest Plantation]] with a gravestone which reads, "Here lies the body of my good horse 'The General'. For twenty years he bore me around the circuit of my practice and in all that time he never made me blunder. Would that his master could say the same."<ref>Paletta, Lu Ann and Worth, Fred L. (1988). "The World Almanac of Presidential Facts". </ref>
[[Image:John Tyler's grave.JPG|upright|thumb|Tyler's grave at [[Hollywood Cemetery]]]]

==Children==

In all, Tyler had fifteen children, eight with his first wife [[Letitia Christian Tyler|Letitia]] and seven with his second wife [[Julia Gardiner Tyler|Julia]]. His last surviving child, Pearl Tyler, who was also his last child born, died on [[June 30]], [[1947]], one hundred years, one week and six days after the death of his first child, Mary Tyler.

* By [[Letitia Christian Tyler]]:
:Mary Tyler (1815-47); Robert Tyler (1816-77); John Tyler (1819-96); Letitia Tyler (1821-1907); [[Elizabeth Tyler]] (1823-50); Anne Contesse Tyler (1825); Alice Tyler (1827-54); Tazewell Tyler (1830-74)

* By [[Julia Gardiner Tyler]]:
:[[David Gardiner Tyler]] (1846-1927); John Alexander Tyler (1848-83); Julia Gardiner Tyler (1849-71); Lachlan Tyler (1851-1902); [[Lyon Gardiner Tyler]] (1853-1935); Robert Fitzwalter Tyler (1856-1927); Pearl Tyler (1860-1947)

[[John Dunjee]] claimed to be the [[illegitimate]] son of John Tyler, a child of Tyler and one of his female slaves. There was also a mulatto woman who frequently traveled with the Tyler family who was alleged to be the president's daughter.

==See also==
* [[Second Party System]]
* [[Dorr Rebellion]]
* [[U.S. presidential election, 1840]]
* [[Sherwood Forest Plantation]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jt10.html White House website John Tyler biography, 2007. ]
* Chitwood, Oliver Perry. ''John Tyler, Champion of the Old South.'' University of North Carolina Press: 1939.
* Crapol, Edward P. ''John Tyler, the Accidental President.'' The University of North Carolina Press 2006. ISBN 978-0807830413.
* Crapol, Edward P. "John Tyler and the Pursuit of National Destiny." ''Journal of the Early Republic'' 1997 17(3): 467-491. ISSN 0275-1275.
* Kruman, Marc W., and Alan Brinkley, editor. ''The Reader's Companion to the American Presidency: John Tyler.'' Houghton Mifflin Company: 2004. ISBN 978-0395788899.
* Macmahon, Edward B. and Leonard Curry. ''Medical Cover-Ups in the White House.'' Farragut Publishing Company: 1987. ISBN 978-0918535016.
* Monroe, Dan. ''The Republican Vision of John Tyler'' Texas A&M University Press: 2003. ISBN 1-58544-216-X.
* Peterson, Norma Lois. ''The Presidencies of William Henry Harrison and John Tyler.'' University Press of Kansas: 1989. ISBN 978-0700604005.
* Schouler, James. [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC15799162&id=Ff2XRHSDkA4C&pg=PR11&dq=schouler+history''History of the United States of America: Under the Constitution vol. 4. 1831-1847. Democrats and Whigs.'' (1917) online edition]

==External links==
{{wikisource author}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{Commons}}
*[http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/tyler Extensive essay on John Tyler and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the Miller Center of Public Affairs]
*[http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jt10.html Official Whitehouse biography]
*[http://johntyler.org Biography by Appleton's and Stanley L. Klos]
*[http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/john_tyler.pdf U.S. Senate Historian's Office: Vice Presidents of the United States--John Tyler]
*[http://www.potus.com/jtyler.html POTUS - John Tyler]
*[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/rbpe:@field(DOCID+@lit(rbpe16901500)) Tyler's letters refusing government intervention, April and May, 1842]
* {{CongBio|T000450}}
* {{gutenberg author| id=John+Tyler+(1790-1862) | name=John Tyler}}
*[http://www.sherwoodforest.org/Genealogy.html List of Descendants]
*[http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/tyler-1.html First State of the Union Address]
*[http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/tyler-2.html Second State of the Union Address]
*[http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/tyler-3.html Third State of the Union Address]
*[http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/tyler-4.html Fourth State of the Union Address]
*[http://www.doctorzebra.com/prez/g10.htm John Tyler's Health and Medical History]
*[http://www.virginia.org/site/description.asp?AttrID=12802 Hollywood Cemetery - John Tyler's final resting place]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John Clopton]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member from [[Virginia's 23rd congressional district]]|years=1817 – 1821}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Andrew Stevenson]]}}
{{s-off}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor of Virginia]]|years=1825 – 1827}}
{{s-aft|after=[[William Branch Giles]]}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]|years=March 3, 1835 – December 6, 1835}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Vice President of the United States]]|years=March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=April 4, 1841¹ – March 4, 1845}}
{{s-aft|after=[[James K. Polk]]}}
{{s-par|us-sen}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John Randolph of Roanoke|John Randolph]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Virginia|Senator from Virginia (Class 1)]]|years=1827 – 1836|alongside=[[Littleton W. Tazewell]], [[William C. Rives]],<br />[[Benjamin W. Leigh]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[William C. Rives]]}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-new|party}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Whig Party (United States)#Candidates|Whig Party vice presidential candidate]]|years=[[U.S. presidential election, 1836|1836]]³, [[U.S. presidential election, 1840|1840]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Theodore Frelinghuysen]]}}
{{s-ref|Tyler did not take the oath of office until April 6.|Tyler was elected in 1861, but died before taking office.|The Whig Party ran regional candidates in 1836. Tyler ran in the Southern states, and [[Francis Granger]] ran in the Northern states.}}

{{USPresidents}}
{{USVicePresidents}}
{{USSenVA}}
{{VAGovernors}}
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<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->

{{Persondata
|NAME = Tyler, John
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = American lawyer, politician
|DATE OF BIRTH = [[March 29]], [[1790]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Charles City County, Virginia]]
|DATE OF DEATH = [[January 18]], [[1862]]
|PLACE OF DEATH = Richmond, Virginia, United States
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tyler, John}}
[[Category:Presidents of the United States]]
[[Category:Vice Presidents of the United States]]
[[Category:United States presidential candidates, 1844]]
[[Category:United States Senators from Virginia]]
[[Category:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate]]
[[Category:Governors of Virginia]]
[[Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia]]
[[Category:Members of the Virginia House of Delegates]]
[[Category:Deputies and delegates of the Provisional Confederate Congress]]
[[Category:United States Whig Party]]
[[Category:American Episcopalians]]
[[Category:People from Virginia]]
[[Category:American people of the War of 1812]]
[[Category:Americans of English descent]]
[[Category:Whig Party (United States) vice presidential nominees]]
[[Category:People of Virginia in the American Civil War]]
[[Category:College of William and Mary alumni]]
[[Category:1790 births]]
[[Category:1862 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials at Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond]]
[[Category:Charles City County, Virginia]]
[[Category:Tyler family]]

[[ang:John Tyler]]
[[ar:جون تايلر]]
[[bn:জন টাইলার]]
[[bs:John Tyler]]
[[bg:Джон Тейлър]]
[[ca:John Tyler]]
[[cs:John Tyler]]
[[co:John Tyler]]
[[cy:John Tyler]]
[[da:John Tyler]]
[[de:John Tyler]]
[[et:John Tyler]]
[[es:John Tyler]]
[[eo:John Tyler]]
[[fa:جان تایلر]]
[[fr:John Tyler]]
[[ga:John Tyler]]
[[gv:John Tyler]]
[[gd:John Tyler]]
[[gl:John Tyler]]
[[ko:존 타일러]]
[[hr:John Tyler]]
[[io:John Tyler]]
[[id:John Tyler]]
[[is:John Tyler]]
[[it:John Tyler]]
[[he:ג'ון טיילר]]
[[pam:John Tyler]]
[[ka:ჯონ ტაილერი]]
[[sw:John Tyler]]
[[la:Ioannes Tyler]]
[[lv:Džons Tailers]]
[[mr:जॉन टायलर]]
[[ms:John Tyler]]
[[nl:John Tyler]]
[[ja:ジョン・タイラー]]
[[no:John Tyler]]
[[nn:John Tyler]]
[[oc:John Tyler]]
[[nds:John Tyler]]
[[pl:John Tyler]]
[[pt:John Tyler]]
[[ksh:John Tyler]]
[[ro:John Tyler]]
[[ru:Тайлер, Джон]]
[[sq:John Tyler]]
[[simple:John Tyler]]
[[sl:John Tyler]]
[[sh:John Tyler]]
[[fi:John Tyler]]
[[sv:John Tyler]]
[[ta:ஜான் டைலர்]]
[[vi:John Tyler]]
[[tr:John Tyler]]
[[yi:דזשאן טעילאר]]
[[zh:约翰·泰勒]]

Revision as of 21:53, 5 June 2008

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