Vitamin D toxicity: Difference between revisions
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'''Hypervitaminosis D''' is a state of [[Vitamin D]] toxicity. |
'''Hypervitaminosis D''' is a state of [[Vitamin D]] toxicity. |
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Overdose occurs at more than 100 times the [[Reference Daily Intake|recommended daily allowance]] of 400 IU, over a period of months. Acute overdose requires over |
Overdose occurs at more than 100 times the [[Reference Daily Intake|recommended daily allowance]] of 400 IU (i.e., 40,000 IU daily), over a period of months. Acute overdose requires over 4,000,000 IU (ten thousand times the RDA).{{fact}} Foods contain low levels, and have not been known to cause overdose. Overdose has occurred due to industrial accidents, for example when incorrectly formulated pills were sold or missing industrial concentrate cans misused as cans of [[milk]]. |
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== Symptoms and presentation == |
== Symptoms and presentation == |
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Revision as of 04:31, 27 June 2008
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| Vitamin D toxicity | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Endocrinology  |
Hypervitaminosis D is a state of Vitamin D toxicity.
Overdose occurs at more than 100 times the recommended daily allowance of 400 IU (i.e., 40,000 IU daily), over a period of months. Acute overdose requires over 4,000,000 IU (ten thousand times the RDA).[citation needed] Foods contain low levels, and have not been known to cause overdose. Overdose has occurred due to industrial accidents, for example when incorrectly formulated pills were sold or missing industrial concentrate cans misused as cans of milk.
Symptoms and presentation
Symptoms of vitamin D poisoning include:
- Dehydration
- Vomiting
- Decreased appetite (anorexia)
- Irritability
- Constipation
- Fatigue
An excess of vitamin D causes abnormally high blood concentrations of calcium (hypercalcemia), which can cause overcalcification of the bones, soft tissues, and kidneys. It can also damage the kidney and produce kidney stones. Ongoing research indicates antagonism with oil soluble menatetrenone, MK-4, an internally transported natural form of vitamin K2, which is associated with bone formation and calcium retention in the bones.
Note: Hypervitaminosis D symptoms appear several months after excessive doses of vitamin D are administered. In almost every case, a low calcium diet combined with corticosteroid drugs will allow for a full recovery within a month.
Comparative safety statistics
Deaths by vitamin poisoning appear to be quite rare in the US, typically none in a given year. However before 1998, several deaths per year were typically associated with pharmaceutical iron-containing supplements, especially brightly-colored, sugar-coated, high-potency iron supplements, and most deaths were children.[1] Unit packaging restrictions on supplements with more than 30 mg iron have since reduced deaths to 0 or 1 per year.[2] These statistics compare with 59 deaths due to aspirin poisoning in 2003,[3] 147 deaths associated with acetaminophen-containing products in 2003,[4] and an average of 54 deaths per year due to lightning.[5]
References
- ^ Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med - Unit-Dose Packaging of Iron Supplements and Reduction of Iron Poisoning in Young Children, June 2005, Tenenbein 159 (6): 557
- ^ Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med - Unit-Dose Packaging of Iron Supplements and Reduction of Iron Poisoning in Young Children, June 2005, Tenenbein 159 (6): 557, Figure OA40361T1
- ^ 2003
- ^ 2003
- ^ 1990-2003
See also
External links