Polavision: Difference between revisions
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'''Polavision''' was an instant [[movie camera]] system launched by [[Polaroid Corporation|Polaroid]] in |
'''Polavision''' was an instant [[movie camera]] system launched by [[Polaroid Corporation|Polaroid]] in [[1977]]. |
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Unlike other motion-picture [[photographic film|film stock]] of the time, Polavision generated color using an [[additive color|additive]] process. It consisted of (essentially) a black-and-white film base and three-color filter layer.<ref name="landlist">[http://www.rwhirled.com/landlist/landfilm.htm The Land List -- Film Index], The Land List. (Sections: "Type 608", Additive process, density problems; "Polachrome CS", Polavision/Polachrome negative differences.) Article retrieved [[2006-12-01]].</ref> In this sense, it was somewhat similar to the much earlier [[Dufaycolor]] process. |
Unlike other motion-picture [[photographic film|film stock]] of the time, Polavision generated color using an [[additive color|additive]] process. It consisted of (essentially) a black-and-white film base and three-color filter layer.<ref name="landlist">[http://www.rwhirled.com/landlist/landfilm.htm The Land List -- Film Index], The Land List. (Sections: "Type 608", Additive process, density problems; "Polachrome CS", Polavision/Polachrome negative differences.) Article retrieved [[2006-12-01]].</ref> In this sense, it was somewhat similar to the much earlier [[Dufaycolor]] process. |
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The |
The Polavision cartridge was a small rectangular box with the film reels self-contained, along with a small lens and prism for projection at an open gate. Unless viewed in a Polavision viewer, the only way that developed films can be viewed was by destroying the cartridge and projecting in an [[super 8mm]] projector, a super 8mm [[telecine]] system, or other transferring procedures. The film format was similar to the Super 8mm format. |
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Due to the light-loss caused by the filtering layer (only one of red, green or blue was let through for a given portion of film), the resulting film had relatively low light sensitivity (40 [[film speed|ASA]]) and the resulting footage was much denser than with other processes.<ref name="landlist" /> As a result, Polaroid designed a standalone table-top viewer, which was intended to reduce the problems inherent in projecting such dense film.<ref name="landlist" /> |
Due to the light-loss caused by the filtering layer (only one of red, green or blue was let through for a given portion of film), the resulting film had relatively low light sensitivity (40 [[film speed|ASA]]) and the resulting footage was much denser than with other processes.<ref name="landlist" /> As a result, Polaroid designed a standalone table-top projector/viewer, which was intended to reduce the problems inherent in projecting such dense film.<ref name="landlist" /> The viewer used a translucent screen, projecting the image from behind, but critics from publications like [[Consumer Reports]] called the images "murky and dark." |
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In addition to the density problems, the process was late to market and had to compete with upcoming |
In addition to the density problems, the process was late to market and had to compete with upcoming videocassette-based systems like [[Betamax]] and [[VHS]]. Unlike videotape, Polavision films, once developed, could not be reused nor played on a television. Polavision proved to be an expensive failure, and most of the manufactured equipment was sold off as a job lot at a loss of $68 million. Polaroid Chairman and founder [[Edwin H. Land]] resigned on March 6, 1980 after taking blame for the losses from Polavision.{{fact|date=June 2007}} |
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Former Polaroid freelancer [[Paul Giambarba]] remarks |
Former Polaroid freelancer [[Paul Giambarba]] remarks |
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Revision as of 09:22, 5 July 2008
Polavision was an instant movie camera system launched by Polaroid in 1977.
Unlike other motion-picture film stock of the time, Polavision generated color using an additive process. It consisted of (essentially) a black-and-white film base and three-color filter layer.[1] In this sense, it was somewhat similar to the much earlier Dufaycolor process.
The Polavision cartridge was a small rectangular box with the film reels self-contained, along with a small lens and prism for projection at an open gate. Unless viewed in a Polavision viewer, the only way that developed films can be viewed was by destroying the cartridge and projecting in an super 8mm projector, a super 8mm telecine system, or other transferring procedures. The film format was similar to the Super 8mm format.
Due to the light-loss caused by the filtering layer (only one of red, green or blue was let through for a given portion of film), the resulting film had relatively low light sensitivity (40 ASA) and the resulting footage was much denser than with other processes.[1] As a result, Polaroid designed a standalone table-top projector/viewer, which was intended to reduce the problems inherent in projecting such dense film.[1] The viewer used a translucent screen, projecting the image from behind, but critics from publications like Consumer Reports called the images "murky and dark."
In addition to the density problems, the process was late to market and had to compete with upcoming videocassette-based systems like Betamax and VHS. Unlike videotape, Polavision films, once developed, could not be reused nor played on a television. Polavision proved to be an expensive failure, and most of the manufactured equipment was sold off as a job lot at a loss of $68 million. Polaroid Chairman and founder Edwin H. Land resigned on March 6, 1980 after taking blame for the losses from Polavision.[citation needed]
Former Polaroid freelancer Paul Giambarba remarks
- "I tried using the product but it was obviously a turkey compared to anything I was using that Kodak offered [..] Instant movie film was an engineering achievement but it's precisely what separated Polaroid techies from Polaroid pragmatists. There just weren't enough customers out there on whom to work the magic."[2]
Polachrome and Polapan
Polaroid's instant transparency system for still photography was introduced in 1985, and was based around the AutoProcessor.[3]
Polachrome was an "instant" 35mm color transparency film. It was descended from the Polavision system and used the same additive color (filter) process. One difference was that with Polavision, the negative layer remained as part of the film after processing. It was intended to turn transparent after a short while, but the process was reportedly imperfect, reducing contrast. With Polachrome, the black negative layer was discarded after processing.[1]
Polaroid also produced a black-and-white instant slide film called Polapan.[4]
References
- ^ a b c d The Land List -- Film Index, The Land List. (Sections: "Type 608", Additive process, density problems; "Polachrome CS", Polavision/Polachrome negative differences.) Article retrieved 2006-12-01.
- ^ Giambarba, Paul, "The Last Hurrah – Polavision, 1977", "The Branding of Polaroid 1957-1977". Article dated 2004-09-01, retrieved 2006-12-01.
- ^ Polaroid 35mm Instant Slide Film: Introduction and Overview, Jim's Web. Page no longer exists, accessed via the Wayback Machine web archive. Article retrieved 2006-12-01.
- ^ "Self Service Polaroid Bravo Slides, Center for Instructional Support, University of Hawai‘i. Article revised June 1996, retrieved 2006-12-01.
See also
External links
- "The Last Hurrah – Polavision, 1977" by Paul Giambarba.