Warangal

Warangal Warangal
newly formed city
Population  (2006)
• Total	1,077,190

For the district of the same name, see Warangal district.

Warangal or Orugallu or Ekasila Nagaram (Template:Lang-te)pronunciation^ⓘ is a city and a municipal corporation in Warangal district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in the Telangana region of the state. Warangal is 145 km northeast of the state capital of Hyderabad. Warangal is the administrative seat of Warangal District. It is the sixth largest city in Andhra Pradesh.

Warangal district has an area of 12,846 km², and a population of 2,818,832 (1991 census). The district is bounded by Karimnagar district to the north, Khammam district to the east and southeast, Nalgonda district to the southwest, and Medak district to the west. Warangal is well known for granite quarries (notably the black and brown varieties), grain market for rice, chillies, cotton, and tobacco.

History

Warangal was the capital of a Hindu Shaivite kingdom ruled by the Kakatiya dynasty from the 12th to the 14th centuries. The old name of this newly formed city is Orugallu. 'Oru' means one and 'Kallu' means stone. The entire city was carved in a single rock, hence the name Orukallu meaning 'one rock'. The city was also called Ekasila nagaram. The Kakatiyas left many monuments, including an impressive fortress, four massive stone gateways, the Swayambhu temple dedicated to Shiva, and the Ramappa temple situated near Ramappa Lake. The cultural and administrative distinction of the Kakatiyas was mentioned by the famous traveller Marco Polo. Famous or well-known rulers included Ganapathi Deva, Prathapa Rudra, and Rani (queen) Rudramma Devi. After the defeat of Prataparadura, the Musunuri Nayaks united seventy two Nayak chieftains and captured Warangal from Delhi sultanate and ruled for fifty years. Jealousy and mutual rivalry between Nayaks ultimately led to the downfall of Hindus in 1370 A.D and success of Bahmanis. Bahmani Sultanate later broke up into several smaller sultanates, of which the Golconda sultanate ruled Warangal. The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered Golconda in 1687, and it remained part of the Mughal empire until the southern provinces of the empire split away to become the state of Hyderabad in 1724 which included the Telangana region and some parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Hyderabad was annexed to India in 1948, and became an Indian state. In 1956 Hyderabad was partitioned as part of the States Reorganization Act, and Telangana, the Telugu-speaking region of Hyderabad state which includes Warangal, was joined to Andhra Pradesh.

Geography

Warangal is located at 18.0°N 79.58°E / 18.0; 79.58. It has an average elevation of 302 metres (990 feet).

Economy

Warangal's economy is predominantly agricultural. It has a large grain market in Enamamula. This is a rice-growing region and most farmers grow rice for both subsistence and the market. Cotton has also been a major cash crop since the early 1990s; however the cotton sector has been troubled in recent years, and there was a well-publicized rash of suicides by cotton farmers in 1997-1998.

Industry has been neglected in the region by successive governments. Some industries existing during the Nizam's rule, like Azam Jahi Cloth Mills, have been closed; unemployment in the region may help feed the Naxalite (Peoples War Group) movement. Warangal has several small to medium scale industries but no large scale ones.

A STPI (Software technology parks of India)has been set up at National Institute of Technology, Warangal with the intention of taking the benefits of the Information Technology revolution to second tier cities. Warangal makes an excellent location for this because of its proximity to Hyderabad, the student pool from some of the best institutes in the country, good transportation facilities, infrastructure, lower traffic problems etc.

Governance and politics

Warangal city is the headquarters of Warangal district. It contributes two seats(Hanamkonda and Warangal) in state legislature and two(Hanamkonda and Warangal) in Indian Paliament.

Politics

Warangal witnessed a bloody chapter in its history in 1969, called the "Mulki" (locals) agitation. In 1969, the people of Telangana raised their voice asking for a separate state. They felt discriminated in the Unified State of Andhra Pradesh and wanted to revert the unification, to exist separately as was the case before 1956. Warangal was the brewing ground of the movement and lead it from the front. Students, peasants, government employees all joined their forces. More than 400 Telangana students lost their lives in the struggle. In the early 2000s the movement for a separate Telangana was again started under the leadership of K Chandrasekhar Rao who established the political party 'Telangana Rashtra Samiti'(TRS). The party allied with the Indira Congress in the state elections. The alliance won majority, and Chandrasekhar Rao became a Union Minister. In 2006, as the Congress party was against separationism, Chandrasekhar Rao resigned his ministry and his Membership of the Parliament.

NGOs in Warangal

The Non Governmental Organisation functioning in Warangal are:

• SWATHI is an NGO working for the cause of Blood Donation from Hanamkonda.
• SNEHA is an NGO providing rehabilitation for the AIDS effected in Warangal.
• ANURAAG is an Women Headed Organisation functioning on empowerment of the poor at hanamkonda.
• SAI VIKAS is an NGO running rehabilitation centre for the Mentally Challenged at Palivelpula.
• OASIS is an NGO Running Orphan Home in Hanamkonda.
• jagruthi is an NGO Working on Enverionment, Health, Sanitation & Awareness generation issues in Warangal District.
• KRUPA NGO is working on Child labour Elimination, Women & Health related issues in Warangal District.
• WARANGALNRI is Non Profit Organization formed by NRI's of Warangal District working for the Development of Literacy in Warangal.
• Nirmaan is a Non Profit Organization run by students of NIT Warangal focusing on providing education and employment opportunities for underprivileged.
• INDIAN SOCIAL SERVICE is registered voluntary organization rendering educational and health services to poorest of poor in warangal.

Abul Barkat Educational Society - One of the largest Islamic educational institute in Warangal formed by Mohammed Afzal Ali Shah Qadri is accommodating more than 300 pupils.

Transport

• Air : There is an airstrip at Mamnoor on the south-eastern outskirts of Warangal. The nearest international air port is located at Hyderabad, 142 km away.
• Rail : Warangal is well connected to all the major cities in India by rail. Kazipet is about 13km from Warangal and is a major railway junction on the Bangalore-New Delhi route while Warangal is a major station on the Hyderabad/New Delhi-Chennai route. Aptly, Warangal is called the gateway to south India.
• Road : There are two bus stations in Warangal and Hanamkonda. Long-distance deluxe buses ply from Warangal to Bangalore, Madras, Hyderabad, Tirupathi, Anantapur, and Hubli; and standard express buses to Guntur via Vijaywada, Cherial, Jangaon, Kodad, Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Adilabad, Suryapet, Palampet, Jagtial,Narasampet,parkal Khammam, Bhadrachalam, and Basara.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Warangal had a population of 1,028,570. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Warangal has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 64%. In Warangal, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Culture

The people of Warangal speak Telugu as main language. Both traditional attire like Saree, Lungi and Dhoti and modern dress styles are worn . The poets of this place include the ancient poets Potana and Palkuriki Somana to present day poets like Kaloji Narayana Rao, B Rama Raju, Pervaram Jagannatham, Kovela Sampatkumara, Ampasayya Naveen, Varavara Raoand Anwar have contributed to Telugu literature.

Sarangapani was a famous folk singer, Nerella Venu Madhav was a mimicry artist who received accolades country wide. And also the famous music director Chakri is also from warangal dist.

• Arya Samaj: Arya Samaj is the Social organisation that has been touching the lives of people for the past five decades, when Hyderabad was annexed in Indian Union. It has strongly opposed Khasim Rizvi's (the Nizam's commander) bloody campaign against the peasants under the leadership of Nanna Ramakrishna Arya and since then has been a spiritual centre for the common man.

Festivals

The residents of Warangal observe Muslim festivals such as Eid ul Fitr, Eid uzzuha, milad unnabi. Hindu festivals such as Dasara, Deepavali, Sankranti ( Pongal ), etc. In addidtion, the district currently hosts the Samakka sarakka Jatra or congregation. Every two years(bi-annually) approximately 6 million people converge over three days around the small village of Medaram and its adjacent stream/rivulet, Jampanna Vagu, 90 km from Warangal city. This fair is said to be the largest repeating aggregation of tribal communities in the whloe world and commemorates the valiant fight put up by a mother-daughter combination (Samakka and Sarakka )with the reigning rulers over an unjust law. Bonalu, Bathukamma festivals symbolic of the Telangana region are celebrated here ( Bathukamma is clebrated particularly by women ).

Annual Catholic Christian Festival in the name of St.Mary:

Fatima Feast is celebrated every year on February 12th and 13th by Catholic Christians at their Warangal Diocesian Head Quarters of Catherdral Church in Fatima Nagar,Kazipet. Though it is a Christian Festival, people from all the religions participate with much of devotion and deity.

Places of interest

1000 pillar temple at Warangal

• Thousand Pillar Temple: This temple is one of the finest examples of Kakatiya architecture and sculpture. Rudra Deva built it in 1163 in the style of Chalukyan temples, star shaped and triple shrined.Recently when the archeological department was making excavations, they found a well below the kalyanamantapam, which leads us to the conclusion that the foundation of this wonderful structure was built on water!.

• Warangal Fort: Warangal fort, which dates back to the 13th century, is 2 km away from the Warangal Railway station.

The fort was destroyed by invaders and only the ruins can now be seen. The fort had three layers of protection, remnants of which can still be seen today. The first layer is a mud wall, currently up to about 20 feet high and several kilometers in circumference, encircling the fort. The second layer is a wall up of granite rock. The fort has famous stone gateways, about 30 feet high and still standing, a masterpiece carved from a single rock. They are called Kirti Toranas (The gateways of glory) of Kakatiyas. They have become a widely replicated symbol for Andhra Pradesh tourism.

One of the Kirti toranas of Kakatiya Dynasty

• Planetarium and Musical Garden: There is a planetarium and a beautiful garden near to Bhadrakali Temple. The garden has a good sound and light shows with water fountains. This place is famous with the students.
• Ramappa Temple also known as Ramalingeswara Temple, this temple is situated in Palampet village, 70 km from Warangal. This is a beautiful monument dating back to 1213. It displays the glory and richness of the Kakatiya kingdom and is the finest specimen of the temple architecture of the time.
• Bhadra Kali Temple:

Situated on a hilltop between Hanamkonda and Warangal, it is noted for its stone image of the Goddess Kali. The temple is located on the banks of the "Bhadrakali" lake (Cheruvu).

• Samakka-Sarakka Jatra: (see 'Festivals' above)It is a biennial event held once in every two years. People from almost all the South Indian states come to worship these deities.
• Siddeshwara Temple:Which was built in 3rd century, its one of the paschima dwara mukha temple (that is the entrance will be from west)

Jain Temple at Kolanupaka

• Jain Temple at Kolanpak or Kolanupaka : The 2,000-year-old Jain temple of Mahavira is a famous place of worship for Jains in the country. The temple is embellished with beautiful images of Tirthankaras. The 5 ft high image of Mahavira is carved entirely out of jade. Kolanupaka is off the town of Aler which lies almost exactly midway(75km) between Warangal and Hyderabad. This was the second capital town of Kalyani Chalukyas during the 11th century. During this period the village was a religious centre of Jains, and ranks among other great Jain centers in the south. The State Department of Archaeology and Museums established the Kolanupaka Museum which exhibits exquisite artifacts from the numerous historical monuments in Kolanupaka.
• Pembarti village: famous for brassware lies on the Warangal-Hyderabad highway, 15 km from Jangaon and 10km before Aler town. It has a quaint little railway station made famous in the telugu movie hit Varsham(Rain).
• Sri Veeranarayana Temple: This temple was built in the Chalukyan style around 1104.
• Pakhal Lake: A man-made lake built in 1213 by the Kakatiya king, Ganapathideva, by harnessing a small tributary of the Krishna River. It is located 50 km from Warangal and spreads over an area of 30 km².

• Vanavigyan Kendra: Situated on Hunter Road between Hanamkonda and Warangal.

• [Komaravelli ]: Komaravelli is holy place where devotees worship Komaravelli Mallana Swamy. Komaravelli is situated just before 10 km from Siddipet while going from Hyderabad/Secundrabad. There is no train facility here, and it can only be reached by road.

• Bussapur:village of govindaraopet mandal a suspension bridge is here. it is 178mts long. this bridge is on laknavaram lake.

The fair starts on first week of January and lasts until "Ugadi" every year. On the last week of fair devotees walk on fire, a ritual called "Aggi Gundalu".

Education

Kakatiya University, one of the reputed universities in Andhra Pradesh is located in the city. National Institute of Technology, Warangal (NITW), earlier known as Regional Engineering College Warangal (RECW) is one of the top institutes of India. One of the premier medical colleges in the state, Kakatiya Medical College, is also located here. Other institutes offering education in the city are listed below.

• C.K.M. Arts & Science College
• Chaitanya Degree & PG College (CDC), Hanamkonda.
• Thushara PG Schoold of Information Sciences & Technology
• S.R engineering college[1],
• KITS or Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Sciences (KITS-Wgl).
• Institute for Technology and Management (ITM Warangal).
• Christu Jyothi Institute of Technology and Science - CJITS
• BITS or Balaji Institute Of Technology and Sciences.
• Vaagdevi College of Engineering - VCE
• Jayamukhi Institute Of Technological Sciences.
• kakatiya institute of pharmaceutical sciences (KIPS)
• RAMAPPA ENGINEERING COLLEGE new shayampet,hanamkonda.

There are more than 300 high schools in this region. A few of them are Warangal Public School,St Peters Central Public School, St Peters High School, St Thomas Grammar High School,All Saint's High School, Tiny Tots High School,Rosary High School,Kiddie Koop High School, The Golden Threshold, Platinum Jubilee High School, Oasis Public School, The Kakatiya High School, Railway High School, St.Paul's [EM] School, Trivi high school,Suffah High School, Mahboobia Panjatan High School, Islamia High School, Naya Madarsa High School etc. Most of them teach the state syllabus, st.Gabriel's high school,greenwood high school

Companies

TechAce Software Solutions Pvt. Ltd.. Software Development Company Based In Warangal

Media

Statewide newspapers like Eenadu and Vaartha and Jyothi publish editions from this city and are widely read. Deccan Chronicle and The Hindu are the`popular English dailies. Popular TV channels are Etv, Maa TV and Gemini of the Sun network. Web based media WarangalDiary.com operates from Hanamkonda and Manukota Socio National Weekly from St. John's College of Pharmacy (Yellapur).

Cinema

There are many cinema places in Warangal such as Kakatiya, Gemini, Ram Laxman, Asoka, Vijaya, Amrutha, Sridevi, Vijaya, Navin, Krishna, Alankar, Lakshmi Talkies, Sunil, Sarojini, Venkatarama, Devi, etc. Telugu movies are the most popular ones, followed by Hindi and then English.

Sports

Cricket and football are the most watched and played games. Most played local game is badminton, volleyball, kabaddi and Gilli Danda.

External links

• WarangalDiary.com-Start Writing your Public Pages. Providing the Updated information on Warangal District.
• Kakatiya University website
• Warangal info
• Warangal website
• Warangal District official website
• Warangal on Wikitravel
• 1000 Pillar Temple (Veyyi Stambhala Gudi), Warangal