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'''Property is theft!''' ([[French language|French]]: ''La propriété, c'est le vol!'') is a slogan coined by [[Anarchism in France|French anarchist]] [[Pierre-Joseph Proudhon]] in his 1840 book ''[[What Is Property?|What is Property? Or, an Inquiry into the Principle of Right and of Government]]''. |
'''Property is theft!''' ([[French language|French]]: ''La propriété, c'est le vol!'') is a slogan coined by [[Anarchism in France|French anarchist]] [[Pierre-Joseph Proudhon]] in his 1840 book ''[[What Is Property?|What is Property? Or, an Inquiry into the Principle of Right and of Government]]''. |
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Revision as of 19:02, 21 July 2008
Property is theft! (French: La propriété, c'est le vol!) is a slogan coined by French anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon in his 1840 book What is Property? Or, an Inquiry into the Principle of Right and of Government.
If I were asked to answer the following question: What is slavery? and I should answer in one word, It is murder!, my meaning would be understood at once. No extended argument would be required . . . Why, then, to this other question: What is property? may I not likewise answer, It is robbery!, without the certainty of being misunderstood; the second proposition being no other than a transformation of the first?
— What is Property?, in Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
(This translation by Benjamin Tucker renders "c'est le vol" as "it is robbery," although the slogan is typically rendered in English as "property is theft.")
By "property," Proudhon referred to the Roman law concept of the sovereign right of property — the right of the proprietor to do with his property as he pleases, "to use and abuse," so long as in the end lie submits to state-sanctioned title, and he contrasted the supposed right of property with the rights (which he considered valid) of liberty, equality, and security.
Similar phrases
Brissot de Warville had previously written, in his Philosophical Researches on the Right of Property (Recherches philosophiques sur le droit de propriété et le vol), "Exclusive property is a robbery in nature."[1] Karl Marx would later write that Proudhon had taken the slogan from Warville,[2] although this is believed not to be true.[3]
Saint Ambrose taught superfluum quod tenes tu furaris (the superfluous property which you hold you have stolen).[1]
Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote [where?]: "In the last analysis all property is theft."[1]
Criticism
Under an Objectivist critique, "Property is theft" is a self-contradicting phrase. It commits the fallacy of the stolen concept which consists of the act of using a concept while ignoring, contradicting or denying the validity of the concepts on which it logically and genetically depends. Discussing the hierarchical nature of knowledge, Nathaniel Branden states:
“Theft” is a concept that logically and genetically depends on the antecedent concept of “rightfully owned property” — and refers to the act of taking that property without the owner’s consent. If no property is rightfully owned, that is, if nothing is property, there can be no such concept as “theft.” Thus, the statement “All property is theft” has an internal contradiction: to use the concept “theft” while denying the validity of the concept of “property,” is to use “theft” as a concept to which one has no logical right — that is, as a stolen concept.[4]
Counter Criticism
Naturally Proudhon was aware of the literal contradiction involved, and in fact prided himself on being a lover of paradox (he also declared "property is impossible", "property is despotism" and "property is freedom"). A slightly less literal reading makes his meaning clear[5], as explained above.
References
- ^ a b c William Shepard Walsh, Handy-book of Literary Curiosities, p. 923
- ^ Karl Marx, Letter to J. B. Schweizer, from Marx Engels Selected Works, Volume 2, first published in Der Social-Demokrat, Nos. 16, 17 and 18, February 1, 3 and 5, 1865
- ^ Robert L. Hoffman, Revolutionary Justice: The Social and Political Theory of P.J. Proudhon, (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1972), pp. 46-48.
- ^ The Stolen Concept by Nathaniel Branden - originally published in The Objectivist Newsletter in January 1963.
- ^ Woodcock, Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements. Broadview press, 2004; see e.g. page 13