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| name = Empidoidea
| name = Empidoidea
| image = Empis sp.jpg
| image = Empis sp.jpg
| image_width = 220px
| image_caption = ''[[Empis]]'' sp.
| image_caption = ''[[Empis]]'' sp.
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
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| infraordo = [[Asilomorpha]]
| infraordo = [[Asilomorpha]]
| superfamilia = '''Empidoidea'''
| superfamilia = '''Empidoidea'''
| superfamilia_authority =
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision_ranks = [[Family (biology)|Families]]
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
4, see [[#Systematics|text]]
⚫
[[Atelestidae]]<br>
[[Brachystomatidae]]<br>
[[Dolichopodidae]]<br>
[[Empididae]]<br>
⚫
[[Hybotidae]]<br>
}}
}}


The '''Empidoidea''' are a large, [[monophyletic]] superfamily of flies, the [[sister taxon]] to the [[Muscomorpha]] (= "[[Cyclorrhapha]]"); these two groups together are sometimes given the unranked taxon name "Eremoneura". The most familiar families in the group are the [[Empididae]] and [[Dolichopodidae]], both of which occur worldwide and contain thousands of species. The remaining three families were all formerly included in the Empididae, but have since been accorded family status (Sinclair & Cumming, 2006).
The '''Empidoidea''' are a large [[monophyletic]] [[superfamily]] of [[Diptera|true flies]], the [[sister taxon]] to the [[Muscomorpha]] (= "[[Cyclorrhapha]]"). These two groups are sometimes united in the unranked taxon [[Eremoneura]]. There are some 10,000 known [[species]] in the Empidoidea<ref name = m+w2007>Moulton & Wiegmann (2007)</ref>.


The majority of these insects are predatory, often with large eyes (sometimes forming almost the entire surface of the head), and tend to be associated with moist, temperate habitats. Many have a well-developed anal lobe in the wings, and/or a small but distinct anal cell.
The majority of these insects are [[predator]]y, often with large [[compound eye]]s (sometimes covering almost the entire surface of the head), and tend to be associated with moist, [[temperate]] habitats. Many have a well-developed [[anal lobe]] in the wings, and/or a small but distinct [[anal cell]].

==Systematics==
The most familiar [[Family (biology)|families]] in the group are the [[Empididae]] and [[Dolichopodidae]], both of which occur worldwide and contain thousands of [[species]]. The smaller families were formerly included in the Empididae, but have since been accorded family status<ref>Sinclair & Cumming (2006)</ref>. The [[Brachystomatinae]] are sometimes elevated to a full-blown family too, but this would apparently make the Empididae [[paraphyletic]] and thus they are retained as a subfamily here. Indeed it seems that the present systematic treatment essentially reflects [[phylogeny]] rather well; there are some of the more [[basal (evoution)|basal]] [[taxa]] in each lineage which are of more uncertain position in [[cladistic]] analyses, but at least as an interim solution, the four-family approach seems most warranted. Arranged in phylogenetic sequence, the fmailies are:<ref name = m+w2007 />

⚫
* [[Atelestidae]]
⚫
* [[Hybotidae]]
* [[Dolichopodidae]] (including Microphoridae)
* [[Empididae]] (including Brachystomatinae)

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}


==References==
==References==
* {{aut|Moulton, J.K. & Wiegmann, B.M.}} (2007): The phylogenetic relationships of flies in the superfamily Empidoidea (Insecta: Diptera). ''[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.]]'' '''43'''(3): 701-713. <small>{{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.029}}</small> (HTML abstract)
Sinclair, B.J., Cumming, J.M. (2006). The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera). ''Zootaxa'' '''1180''': 1-172
* {{aut|Sinclair, B.J. & Cumming, J.M.}} (2006): The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera). ''[[Zootaxa]]'' '''1180''': 1-172



⚫
[[Category:Flies]]
{{fly-stub}}
{{fly-stub}}

⚫
[[Category:Flies]]


[[no:Empidoidea]]
[[no:Empidoidea]]

Revision as of 11:53, 30 July 2008

Empidoidea
Empis sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Diptera
Suborder:
Brachycera
Infraorder:
Asilomorpha
Superfamily:
Empidoidea
Families

4, see text

The Empidoidea are a large monophyletic superfamily of true flies, the sister taxon to the Muscomorpha (= "Cyclorrhapha"). These two groups are sometimes united in the unranked taxon Eremoneura. There are some 10,000 known species in the Empidoidea[1].

The majority of these insects are predatory, often with large compound eyes (sometimes covering almost the entire surface of the head), and tend to be associated with moist, temperate habitats. Many have a well-developed anal lobe in the wings, and/or a small but distinct anal cell.

Systematics

The most familiar families in the group are the Empididae and Dolichopodidae, both of which occur worldwide and contain thousands of species. The smaller families were formerly included in the Empididae, but have since been accorded family status[2]. The Brachystomatinae are sometimes elevated to a full-blown family too, but this would apparently make the Empididae paraphyletic and thus they are retained as a subfamily here. Indeed it seems that the present systematic treatment essentially reflects phylogeny rather well; there are some of the more basal taxa in each lineage which are of more uncertain position in cladistic analyses, but at least as an interim solution, the four-family approach seems most warranted. Arranged in phylogenetic sequence, the fmailies are:[1]

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b Moulton & Wiegmann (2007)
  2. ^ Sinclair & Cumming (2006)

References

  • Moulton, J.K. & Wiegmann, B.M. (2007): The phylogenetic relationships of flies in the superfamily Empidoidea (Insecta: Diptera). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 43(3): 701-713. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.029 (HTML abstract)
  • Sinclair, B.J. & Cumming, J.M. (2006): The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera). Zootaxa 1180: 1-172


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