Subak

This article is about the ancient Korean martial art. For the traditional Balinese method of irrigation, see Subak (irrigation).

Soobak redirects here. For the song by K'naan, see Soobax.

Subak
Hangul	수박
Hanja	手搏
Revised Romanization	Subak
McCune–Reischauer	Supak

Subak, Soobak or Soo Bak-Gi is an ancient Korean martial art. Historically this term may be an older name for the Korean martial art of taekkyeon.

Origins

Originally, Korea was divided into three kingdoms: Silla in the southeastern part of the country, Goguryeo(Koguryo) in the northern part, nearest to China, and Baekje located west of Silla. The Subak style was created in the Korean peninsula kingdom of Goguryeo.

History

Development

Due to Goguryeo being in constant conflict with China, the military of Goguryeo developed a martial art that was a mix of Chinese arts adapted for their own purposes. It was a style heavy in the use of kicking as opposed to punching, and relied more on upright fighting styles as opposed to grappling and wrestling. There is supposition that a possible reason for this is that the kingdom's mountain terrain had greatly strengthened the legs of the people, turning those into their strongest bodily weapons.

The warriors who practiced this Subak were called Sonbae. The word Sonbae is translated to mean "a man of virtue who never retreats from a fight", and is a member of the warrior corps. Those who were members of the Sonbae lived in groups and learned Subak as well as history, literature, and other liberal arts. Although they were constantly training in combat, during peace time they helped construct roads and fortresses, assisted after natural disasters and so on.

In the year 400, in an attempt to dominate the entire southern portion of the country, Baekje invaded Silla. King Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo is said by some accounts to have sent 50,000 Sonbae troops to Silla's aid. Later he would attempt to dictate Silla's internal affairs because of this assistance.

It was around this time that the people of Silla formed an elite officers corps called Hwarang (Sometimes referenced as "Hwa Rangdo" meaning "the way of the flower of manhood"). The Hwarang may have utilized techniques from Subak in addition to training in spear, bow, sword, hook and various forms of hand and foot fighting.

There are a lot of things wrong in this but I would like to just fix two major errors that stand out.

1. Sunbae trained Subak among other things such as archery, ssiruem and tokkyon. It is not that people who trained Subak were called sunbae.

2. Hwarang was different from Sunbae and closer to Western Knights. Also, Subak was not trained by Hwarang as some martial artists claim. Some martial artists and historians claim Hwarang and Sunbae were similar however they were very different and Hwarang did not train in Subak.

Split

Subak took a heavy blow during the Joseon period, which was founded on the ideology of Confucianism, stressing literary art instead of martial art. Subak was only allowed to be practiced in competitions called subakhui. After three subakhui bouts, the winner could become employed as a soldier.

It was also during the beginning of the Joseon dynasty that Subak became increasingly divided into two separate styles, Taekgyeon and Yusul. Where Taekgyeon techniques consisted mainly of kicks and strikes, Yusul techniques were of the locking and grappling kind.

But just as often this divide is already made between subak and galjeok in earlier times by scholars.

Revival

After the Korean war Subak, as a name for modern martial arts, techniques added after study of the Muyedobotongji (무예도보통지). The empty-handed fighting material found in the Muyedobotongji is called gwonbeop(kempo) (권법). In Korea the indigenous arts of self defense (Soo Bahk Ki and Tae Kyun) combined with other fighting principles (Northern and Southern Chinese Kung Fu) and moral guidelines such as the philosophy of Do (Tao), No Ja (Lao Tzu) and Kong Ja (Confucius).[1]

References

• World MooDukKwan
• U.S. Soo Bahk Do Moo Duk Kwan Federation

Korean

• Soo Bahk International