Hurricane Gilma (1994): Difference between revisions

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This page was last edited by Long Train Runnin' (contribs | logs) at 13:09, 27 August 2008 (UTC) (16 years ago)

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-{{Infobox Hurricane
-| Name=Hurricane Gilma
-| Type=hurricane
-| Year=1994
-| Basin=EPac
-| Image location= Hurricane Gilma 25 july 1994 0047Z.jpg
-| Image name=Hurricane Gilma on July 25 near peak strength
-| Formed=July 21, 1994
-| Dissipated=July 31, 1994
-| 1-min winds=140
-| Pressurepre=&le;
-| Pressure=920
-| Damages=None
-| Inflated=0
-| Fatalities=None
-| Areas=[[Johnston Atoll]]
-| Hurricane season=[[1994 Pacific hurricane season]]
-}}
-'''Hurricane Gilma''' of the [[1994 Pacific hurricane season]] was one of the strongest [[Pacific hurricane]]s on record. Although it impacted no inhabited land, Gilma reached Category&nbsp;5 intensity on the [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale]]. Its minimum known pressure of 920&nbsp;millibars makes it the strongest Pacific hurricane on record in the month of July and the sixth-strongest overall.
-==Storm history==
-{{storm path|Gilma 1994 track.png}}
-Gilma's genesis lies with a [[tropical wave]] which crossed the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and [[North America]] in the first half of July. Upon entering the Pacific, [[thunderstorm]]s consolidated, and the wave organized into a tropical depression on July 21. It headed westward and out to sea, strengthening into a tropical storm on July 22, when it was named Gilma. Due to its rapid strengthening, Gilma became a hurricane exactly 24&nbsp;hours after being named. In a very favorable environment, the cyclone attained winds of {{convert|130|kn|km/h}} on July 24. Its intensification then slowed as it crossed 140&deg;W and entered the [[area of responsibility]] of the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]].<ref name=pr1>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1994-prelim/gilma/prelim01.gif|title=Preliminary Report Hurricane Gilma|publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]]|author=Richard J. Pasch|date=1995-01-20|format=GIF|pages=1|accessdate=2008-07-06}}</ref>
-Shortly after entering the central Pacific, Gilma reached its peak windspeed of {{convert|140|kn|km/h}}, which made it a Category 5 hurricane on the [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale]].<ref name=pr1/> It then suddenly weakened for unexplained reasons, and weakened into a tropical storm on July 27. It became a depression on July 30 and dissipated the next day while south of Midway.<ref name=CPHC>{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/1994.php|title=The 1994 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season|publisher=[[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]|accessdate=2008-07-06}}</ref>
-==Forecasting, impact and records==
-{{Category 5 Pacific hurricanes|align=right}}
-Gilma's track was well-forecast due to the steady westward path it took for most of its life. By contrast, its intensity was often underforecast.<ref name=pr2>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1994-prelim/gilma/prelim02.gif|title=Preliminary Report Hurricane Gilma|publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]]|author=Richard J. Pasch|date=1995-01-20|format=GIF|pages=2|accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> Although it was operationally ''forecast'' to become a Category 5 hurricane,<ref name=discussion12>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1994/gilma/tropdisc/nep0794.012|publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]]|date=1994-07-23|accessdate=2008-08-18|author=Avila|title=Hurricane Gilma Discussion Number 12|format=GIF}}</ref> it was never at that intensity in real time.<ref name="marine advisory 13">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1994/gilma/marine/tcm2409z.gif|title=Hurricane Gilma Marine Advisory Number 13|format=GIF|date=1994-07-24|publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]]|author=Sasaki|accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref><ref name=discussion14>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1994/gilma/tropdisc/tcd2415z.gif|accessdate=2008-08-18|date=1994-07-24|title=Hurricane Gilma Discussion Number 14|author=Rosendal|format=GIF|publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]]}}</ref> The hurricane's only impact was on [[Johnston Atoll]]. That island received light [[rain]], wind gusts to near [[gale force]],<ref name=pr2/> and some surf.<ref name=CPHC/> No one was killed and no damage was reported.<ref name=pr2/>
-Gilma's central pressure of {{convert|920|mb|hPa}} is the sixth lowest ever recorded in a [[Pacific hurricane]] and the lowest ever in July.<ref name="Best track">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/tracks1949to2007_epa.txt|title=Eastern North Pacific Tracks File 1949-2006|publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]]|date=2008-03-21|format=plain text|accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> Its one minute average sustained windspeed of {{convert|140|kn|km/h}} is part of the three way tie for second highest ever in the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]'s [[area of responsibility]].<ref name="CPHC index">{{cite web|accessdate=2008-08-18|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/|title=Previous Tropical Systems in the Central Pacific|publisher=[[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]}}</ref> Gilma is also the fifth known Pacific hurricane to reach Category 5 intensity on record and the second of a record three such cyclones in the [[1994 Pacific hurricane season]] (since equaled by the [[2002 Pacific hurricane season|2002 season]]).<ref name="Best track"/> Gilma was also the fourth tropical cyclone to cross into the Central Pacific that July; the only season with more is [[1978 Pacific hurricane season|1978]], with 5.<ref name="last advisory">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1994/gilma/tropdisc/tcd3103z.gif|format=GIF|publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]]|title=Tropical Depression Gilma Discussion Number 40|author=Hablutzel|date=1994-07-30|accessdate=2008-08-18|format=GIF}}</ref> Finally, Gilma was the strongest hurricane of its season.<ref name="Best track"/> Gilma's lowest pressure record might have been incomplete; the 920 millibar reading of pressure was measured at the first report as a category 5 hurricane, which is typical of a storm of that strength; the second report did not give a pressure.
-Gilma's name was not retired after this season. It was used again in the [[2000 Pacific hurricane season|2000]] and [[2006 Pacific hurricane season|2006 seasons]],<ref name="Best track"/> and remains on the list for 2012.<ref name=WMO>{{cite web|format=PDF|url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FactShtTCNames1July05.pdf|title=Fact Sheet Tropical Cyclone Names|page=4|date=2005-07-01|publisher=[[World Meteorological Organization]]|accessdate=2008-08-26}}</ref>
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
-==External links==
-* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1994-prelim/gilma/ NHC Preliminary Report]
-* [http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/1994.php#Gilma CPHC Report]
-* [http://www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1994/GILMA/track.gif Storm path]
-[[Category:1994 Pacific hurricane season|Gilma]]
-[[Category:Category 5 Pacific hurricanes|Gilma]]