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'''Louis-Emile Bigmann''' (c.1900-c.1980) was a Gabonese politician. |
'''Louis-Emile Bigmann''' (c.1900-c.1980) was a Gabonese politician. |
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==Early life and political career== |
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A member of the [[Mpongwe]] people,<ref name=CS258>{{Harvnb|Carter|Skalar|1966|p=258}}</ref> Bigmann attended the [[Ecole Montfort]] in [[Libreville]], Gabon's capital.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gardinier|1994|p=27}}</ref> |
A member of the [[Mpongwe]] people,<ref name=CS258>{{Harvnb|Carter|Skalar|1966|p=258}}</ref> Bigmann attended the [[Ecole Montfort]] in [[Libreville]], Gabon's capital.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gardinier|1994|p=27}}</ref> Noted Mpongwe critic of colonialism [[Laurent Antchouey]] and he founded the "L'Echo Gabonais" in Dakar in 1922.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gardinier|1994|p=xvi.}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 01:23, 11 October 2008
Louis-Emile Bigmann (c.1900-c.1980) was a Gabonese politician.
Early life and political career
A member of the Mpongwe people,[1] Bigmann attended the Ecole Montfort in Libreville, Gabon's capital.[2] Noted Mpongwe critic of colonialism Laurent Antchouey and he founded the "L'Echo Gabonais" in Dakar in 1922.[3]
References
- ^ Carter & Skalar 1966, p. 258
- ^ Gardinier 1994, p. 27
- ^ Gardinier 1994, p. xvi.
Sources
- Template:Fr Bernault, Florence (1996), Démocraties ambiguës en Afrique centrale: Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, 1940-1965, Paris: Karthala, ISBN 2865376362, OCLC 36142247.
- Template:Fr Biteghe, Moïse N’Solé (1990), Echec aux militaires au Gabon en 1964, Paris: Chaka, ISBN 2907768069, OCLC 29518659.
- Darlington, Charles Francis; Darlington, Alice B. (1968), African Betrayal, New York, New York: D. McKay Co., OCLC 172139.
- Carter, Gwendolen Margaret; Sklar, Richard L. (1966), National Unity and Regionalism in Eight African States: Nigeria, Niger, the Congo, Gabon, Central African Republic, Chad, Uganda, Ethiopia, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, OCLC 413211.
- Gardinier, David E. (1994), Historical Dictionary of Gabon (2nd ed.), Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 0810814358, OCLC 7462387.
- Template:Fr Keese, Alexander (2004), "L'évolution du leader indigène aux yeux des administrateurs français: Léon M'Ba et le changement des modalités de participation au pouvoir local au Gabon, 1922-1967", Afrique & Histoire, 2 (1): 141–170, ISSN 1764-1977.