Campylobacter: Difference between revisions
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One cause of the effects of campylobacteriosis is tissue injury in the [[gut]]. The sites of tissue injury include the [[jejunum]], the [[ileum]], and the [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]]. ''C jejuni'' appears to achieve this by invading and destroying epithelial cells. |
One cause of the effects of campylobacteriosis is tissue injury in the [[gut]]. The sites of tissue injury include the [[jejunum]], the [[ileum]], and the [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]]. ''C jejuni'' appears to achieve this by invading and destroying epithelial cells. |
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Some strains of ''C jejuni'' produce a [[cholera]]-like enterotoxin, which is important in the watery diarrhea observed in infections. The organism produces diffuse, bloody, edematous, and exudative enteritis. In a small number of cases, the infection may be associated with [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]] and [[thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] through a poorly understood mechanism. |
Some strains of ''C jejuni'' produce a [[cholera]]-like enterotoxin, which is important in the watery diarrhea observed poo poo poo in infections. The organism produces diffuse, bloody, edematous, and exudative enteritis. In a small number of cases, the infection may be associated with [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]] and [[thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] through a poorly understood mechanism. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 21:39, 13 October 2008
| Campylobacter | |
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| Campylobacter bacteria | |
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| Genus: | Campylobacter Sebald and Véron 1963
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C. coli | |
The genus Campylobacter, (meaning 'twisted bacteria') first discovered in 1963[1], describes Gram-negative, spiral, microaerophilic bacteria. Motile, with either uni- or bi-polar flagella, the organisms have a somewhat curved, rod-like appearance, and are oxidase-positive.[2] Campylobacter jejuni is now recognised as one of the main causes of bacterial foodborne disease in many developed countries.[3] At least a dozen species of Campylobacter have been implicated in human disease, with C. jejuni and C. coli the most common.[2] C. fetus is a cause of spontaneous abortions in cattle and sheep, as well as it is an opportunisitic pathogen in humans.[4]
Genome
The genomes of several Campylobacter species have been sequenced, providing insights into their mechanisms of pathogenesis.[5] The first Campylobacter genome to be sequenced was C. jejuni, in 2000.[6]
Campylobacter species contain two flagellin genes in tandem for motility, flaA and flaB. These genes undergo intergenic recombination, further contributing to their virulence. [7] Non-motile mutants do not colonize.
Pathogenesis
Campylobacteriosis is an infection by campylobacter.[8] The common routes of transmission are fecal-oral, person-to-person sexual contact, ingestion of contaminated food or water, and the eating of raw meat. It produces an inflammatory, sometimes bloody, diarrhea, periodontitis[9] or dysentery syndrome, mostly including cramps, fever and pain. The infection is usually self-limiting and in most cases, symptomatic treatment by reposition of liquid and electrolyte replacement is enough in human infections. The use of antibiotics, on the other hand, is controversial.
Cause
One cause of the effects of campylobacteriosis is tissue injury in the gut. The sites of tissue injury include the jejunum, the ileum, and the colon. C jejuni appears to achieve this by invading and destroying epithelial cells.
Some strains of C jejuni produce a cholera-like enterotoxin, which is important in the watery diarrhea observed poo poo poo in infections. The organism produces diffuse, bloody, edematous, and exudative enteritis. In a small number of cases, the infection may be associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura through a poorly understood mechanism.
References
- ^ Nachmankin I; Szymanski CM; Blaser J (editors) (2008). Campylobacter (3rd ed. ed.). ASM Press. pp. pp 3–25. ISBN 9781555814373.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help);|edition=has extra text (help);|pages=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. pp. 378–80. ISBN 0838585299.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help);|edition=has extra text (help);|pages=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Moore JE; et al. (2005). "Campylobacter". Vet Res. 36 (3): 351–82. doi:10.1051/vetres:2005012. PMID 15845230.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help) - ^ Sauerwein R, Bisseling J, Horrevorts A (1993). "Septic abortion associated with Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus infection: case report and review of the literature". Infection. 21 (5): 331–3. doi:10.1007/BF01712458. PMID 8300253.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Fouts DE; et al. (2005). "Major structural differences and novel potential virulence mechanisms from the genomes of multiple Campylobacter species". PLoS Biol. 3 (1): e15. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030015. PMID 15660156.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Parkhill; et al. (2000). "The genome sequence of the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni reveals hypervariable sequences". Nature. 403: 665–668. doi:10.1038/35001088. PMID 10688204.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help) - ^ Grant C, Konkel M, Cieplak W, Tompkins L (1993). "Role of flagella in adherence, internalization, and translocation of Campylobacter jejuni in nonpolarized and polarized epithelial cell cultures". Infect Immun. 61 (5): 1764–71. PMID 8478066.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ cdc.gov
- ^ Humphrey, Tom; et al. (2007). "Campylobacters as zoonotic pathogens: A food production perspective <internet>". International Journal of Food Microbiology. 117 (3). doi:10.1016.
{{cite journal}}: Check|doi=value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|first=(help); Unknown parameter|doi_brokendate=ignored (|doi-broken-date=suggested) (help)