Emergency contraceptive availability by country: Difference between revisions
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===Finland=== |
===Finland=== |
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The [[Yuzpe regimen]] was introduced under the name Neoprimavlar in 1987.<br /> |
The [[Yuzpe regimen]] was introduced under the name Neoprimavlar in 1987.<br /> |
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In 2002 levonorgestrel-only EC (NorLevo 750 µg) became available over-the-counter in pharmacies. Only restrictions are that it cannot be administered to under 15 year-olds and only single package can be purchased at a time.<ref>{{cite web|title=News about the NorLevo becoming prescription-free|publisher=Finnish National Agency for Medicines| |
In 2002 levonorgestrel-only EC (NorLevo 750 µg) became available over-the-counter in pharmacies. Only restrictions are that it cannot be administered to under 15 year-olds and only single package can be purchased at a time.<ref>{{cite web|title=News about the NorLevo becoming prescription-free|publisher=Finnish National Agency for Medicines|month=January | year=2002|accessdate=2007-01-05|url=http://www.nam.fi/ajankohtaista/uutiset/norlevo_lt.html}}</ref> |
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<br />Recently NorLevo 750 µg as a two-dose package has stepped aside from the NorLevo 1,5 mg single-dose package. |
<br />Recently NorLevo 750 µg as a two-dose package has stepped aside from the NorLevo 1,5 mg single-dose package. |
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===France=== |
===France=== |
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NorLevo, a two-dose progestin-only treatment, was approved in 1999, with nonprescription, pharmacy access. (France does not have an over-the-counter status equivalent.) In December 2000, public and parochial high school nurses were authorized to dispense EC. |
NorLevo, a two-dose progestin-only treatment, was approved in 1999, with nonprescription, pharmacy access. (France does not have an over-the-counter status equivalent.) In December 2000, public and parochial high school nurses were authorized to dispense EC. |
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<ref>{{cite web|title=Emergency contraception: Steps being taken to improve access|publisher=Guttmacher Institute| |
<ref>{{cite web|title=Emergency contraception: Steps being taken to improve access|publisher=Guttmacher Institute|month=December | year=2002|accessdate=2006-11-11|url=http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/tgr/05/5/gr050510.html}}</ref> |
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===Italy=== |
===Italy=== |
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===United Kingdom=== |
===United Kingdom=== |
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Since 2005, the primary EC available over the counter in pharmacies in the UK has been Levonelle One Step--a single-dose progestin-only treatment, available to over 16s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Contraception: past, present and future|publisher=UK Family Planning Association| |
Since 2005, the primary EC available over the counter in pharmacies in the UK has been Levonelle One Step--a single-dose progestin-only treatment, available to over 16s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Contraception: past, present and future|publisher=UK Family Planning Association|month=April | year=2006|accessdate=2006-11-09|url=http://www.fpa.org.uk/about/info/contraceptionpastpresentandfuture.htm}}</ref> |
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==North America== |
==North America== |
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===Canada=== |
===Canada=== |
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Since 2005, Plan B has been available nationwide through nonprescription behind-the-counter pharmacy access after professional consultation with a pharmacist.<ref>{{cite web|title=Health Canada Approves Emergency Contraceptive Plan B as OTC Drug|publisher=Medical News Today|year=Apr 22, 2005|accessdate=2006-09-25|url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=23275}}</ref> |
Since 2005, Plan B has been available nationwide through nonprescription behind-the-counter pharmacy access after professional consultation with a pharmacist.<ref>{{cite web|title=Health Canada Approves Emergency Contraceptive Plan B as OTC Drug|publisher=Medical News Today|year=Apr 22, 2005|accessdate=2006-09-25|url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=23275}}</ref> |
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Plan B will soon be available over-the-counter without requiring a consultation with a pharmacist. <ref>{{cite web|title=Morning-After Pill Soon Available On Drug Store Shelves|publisher=CityNews| |
Plan B will soon be available over-the-counter without requiring a consultation with a pharmacist. <ref>{{cite web|title=Morning-After Pill Soon Available On Drug Store Shelves|publisher=CityNews|date=May 16, 2008|accessdate=2008-05-21|url=http://www.citynews.ca/news/news_22787.aspx}}</ref> |
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==Oceania== |
==Oceania== |
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===Chile=== |
===Chile=== |
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Postinor-2 (a progestin-only EC) became legal in Chile in 2002 after a Supreme Court battle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chile bans morning-after pill|publisher=BBC News|date=2001-08-30|accessdate=2006-11-17|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1517185.stm}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|author=Eduardo Gallardo|title=Morning-After Pill Causes Furor in Chile|publisher=Washington Post|date=2006-09-26|accessdate=2006-11-16|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/26/AR2006092600770.html}}</ref> Affluent Chileans were able to purchase it on demand from private health services, but poorer Chileans served by the national health service were only given EC if they were sexual assault victims.<ref>{{cite web|title=A difficult pill to swallow|publisher=Economist|date= |
Postinor-2 (a progestin-only EC) became legal in Chile in 2002 after a Supreme Court battle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chile bans morning-after pill|publisher=BBC News|date=2001-08-30|accessdate=2006-11-17|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1517185.stm}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|author=Eduardo Gallardo|title=Morning-After Pill Causes Furor in Chile|publisher=Washington Post|date=2006-09-26|accessdate=2006-11-16|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/26/AR2006092600770.html}}</ref> Affluent Chileans were able to purchase it on demand from private health services, but poorer Chileans served by the national health service were only given EC if they were sexual assault victims.<ref>{{cite web|title=A difficult pill to swallow|publisher=Economist|date=September 14, 2006|accessdate=2006-11-17|url=http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=7925036}}</ref> In 2006, access to EC was briefly allowed for all females 14 and over, but this was immediately blocked by a court decision. <ref>{{cite web|author=Daniela Estrada|title=Court Stops Free Distribution of "Morning After Pill"|publisher=IPS|date=September 13, 2006|accessdate=2006-11-17|url=http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=34712}}</ref> Months later an Appeals Court upheld a lower court decision to allow the Ministry of Health to distribute EC to minors without parental consent.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chile Court Okays Morning-After Pill|publisher=The Santiago Times|date=2006-11-13|accessdate=2006-11-17|url=http://www.tcgnews.com/santiagotimes/index.php?nav=story&story_id=12159&topic_id=15}}</ref>. In April, 2008, Chile's Constitutional Court ruled EC illegal. Constitutional Court rulings cannot be appealed. |
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===Ecuador=== |
===Ecuador=== |
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Revision as of 01:37, 24 October 2008
The following is a list of countries that allow access to dedicated-purpose emergency contraceptive pills.
Europe
Finland
The Yuzpe regimen was introduced under the name Neoprimavlar in 1987.
In 2002 levonorgestrel-only EC (NorLevo 750 µg) became available over-the-counter in pharmacies. Only restrictions are that it cannot be administered to under 15 year-olds and only single package can be purchased at a time.[1]
Recently NorLevo 750 µg as a two-dose package has stepped aside from the NorLevo 1,5 mg single-dose package.
France
NorLevo, a two-dose progestin-only treatment, was approved in 1999, with nonprescription, pharmacy access. (France does not have an over-the-counter status equivalent.) In December 2000, public and parochial high school nurses were authorized to dispense EC. [2]
Italy
In Italy EC is available in pharmacies and hospitals, but it requires medical prescription.
Ireland
In Ireland it is available without restriction, but is not available over-the counter and requires a visit to a doctor or family-planning clinic.[3]
Netherlands
Since January 2005, levonorgestrel-only EC (NorLevo 1.5 mg) has been available over-the-counter without a prescription in pharmacies and drug stores.
Romania
In Romania EC is available only in pharmacies and it legally requires a medical prescription,[4] but it is relatively easy to buy it without such a document.
Bulgaria
In Bulgaria levonorgestrel-only EC (Escapelle) is available over-the counter without a prescription in pharmacies.
United Kingdom
Since 2005, the primary EC available over the counter in pharmacies in the UK has been Levonelle One Step--a single-dose progestin-only treatment, available to over 16s.[5]
North America
United States
Since 1999, the progestin-only Plan B (two 750 µg levonorgestrel pills) has been available with a prescription.[6] Starting in late 2006, Plan B is available from pharmacies staffed by a licensed pharmacist for women 18 or older; a prescription-only form of Plan B will remain available for young women aged 17 and younger.[7][8]
Canada
Since 2005, Plan B has been available nationwide through nonprescription behind-the-counter pharmacy access after professional consultation with a pharmacist.[9] Plan B will soon be available over-the-counter without requiring a consultation with a pharmacist. [10]
Oceania
New Zealand
Levonelle and Postinor-2 are available from pharmacies without prescription.
Australia
Postinor-2 and Levonelle-2 (progestin-only EC) became available in 2002. In 2004, Postinor-2 became available without prescription.[11]
Asia
China
Anordrin, an estrogenic steroid of the 19-Norandrostane family, was the most frequently used EC in China in 1997.[12] Levonorgestrel EC in China is known as Yu-Ting and An Ting. In 2002, China became the first country in which mifepristone was registered for use as EC.
India
The Indian Medical Association advises that high doses of combined oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel (Yuzpe regimen) and copper releasing IUDs such as CuT 380A can be used as EC, but the Drug Controller of India has only approved (in 2001) levonorgestrel 0.75 mg. tablets for use as ECP. On August 31, 2005, nonprescription, over-the-counter access to levonorgestrel-only EC was approved.
Sri Lanka
The Family Planning Association began offering the Yuzpe regimen in 1994.
Malaysia
Postinor was registered in 1987.
Thailand
Postinor is readily available over-the-counter in pharmacies such as Boots.
South America
Argentina
Progestin-only EC pills are available for free at all public hospitals in Buenos Aires.[1]
Chile
Postinor-2 (a progestin-only EC) became legal in Chile in 2002 after a Supreme Court battle.[13] [14] Affluent Chileans were able to purchase it on demand from private health services, but poorer Chileans served by the national health service were only given EC if they were sexual assault victims.[15] In 2006, access to EC was briefly allowed for all females 14 and over, but this was immediately blocked by a court decision. [16] Months later an Appeals Court upheld a lower court decision to allow the Ministry of Health to distribute EC to minors without parental consent.[17]. In April, 2008, Chile's Constitutional Court ruled EC illegal. Constitutional Court rulings cannot be appealed.
Ecuador
On May 23 2005, and after a couple of years available in the market, the Constitutional Court of Ecuador suspended the inscription and the sanitary permission of Postinor-2 that led it to be provided in drug stores and hospitals. [18]
Africa
South Africa
A Yuzpe product called E-Gen-C became available in 1997.
A single tablet Levonorgestrel EC product, called Escapelle became available in March 2008. http://www.mymorningafter.co.za/home.asp
Kenya
Postinor became available in 1997. It is currently supplied by Datmas Kenya Limited,www.datmas.com,info@datmas.com, & Target-reach solutions company limited,www.target-reach.com,info@target-reach.com
Zambia
Levonorgestrel-only EC called Lenor 72 was registered in 2002; in 2005 another levonorgestrel-only product called Pregnon was registered.
See also
Footnotes
- ^ "News about the NorLevo becoming prescription-free". Finnish National Agency for Medicines. 2002. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ "Emergency contraception: Steps being taken to improve access". Guttmacher Institute. 2002. Retrieved 2006-11-11.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Irish Government Contraception site, noting the availability of EC
- ^ "Contracepţia de urgenţă". www.femeia.ro. Retrieved 2007-06-08.
- ^ "Contraception: past, present and future". UK Family Planning Association. 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ FDA (1999). "Plan B approval package". Retrieved 2006-12-10.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ FDA (2006). "Plan B information page". Retrieved 2006-12-10.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Barr Pharmaceuticals (2006). "Barr Launches Plan B OTC/Rx Dual-Label Product; Awarded 3 Years New Product Exclusivity". Retrieved 2006-12-12.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ "Health Canada Approves Emergency Contraceptive Plan B as OTC Drug". Medical News Today. Apr 22, 2005. Retrieved 2006-09-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link) - ^ "Morning-After Pill Soon Available On Drug Store Shelves". CityNews. May 16, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Emergency Contraception". FPA health. 2006-07-30. Retrieved 2006-11-15.
- ^ Xiao B (1997). "Abortion and emergency contraception: the Chinese experience". Chin Med J. 110 (1): 36–42. PMID 9594319.
- ^ "Chile bans morning-after pill". BBC News. 2001-08-30. Retrieved 2006-11-17.
- ^ Eduardo Gallardo (2006-09-26). "Morning-After Pill Causes Furor in Chile". Washington Post. Retrieved 2006-11-16.
- ^ "A difficult pill to swallow". Economist. September 14, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-17.
- ^ Daniela Estrada (September 13, 2006). "Court Stops Free Distribution of "Morning After Pill"". IPS. Retrieved 2006-11-17.
- ^ "Chile Court Okays Morning-After Pill". The Santiago Times. 2006-11-13. Retrieved 2006-11-17.
- ^ "Constitutional Court suspends sale of 'morning-after pills'". El Comercio. May, 26 2006. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
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