Fraxinus angustifolia: Difference between revisions

Fraxinus angustifolia
	Foliage of subsp. oxycarpa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Oleaceae
Genus:	Fraxinus
Species:	F. angustifolia
Binomial name
	Fraxinus angustifolia; Vahl

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Revision as of 21:26, 26 December 2008

Fraxinus angustifolia (Narrow-leafed Ash) is a species of Fraxinus native to central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia.^[1]^[2]

It is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 20-30 m tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m diameter. The bark is smooth and pale grey on young trees, becoming square-cracked and knobbly on old trees. The buds are pale brown, which readily distinguishes it from the related Fraxinus excelsior (black buds) even in winter. The leaves are in opposite pairs or whorls of three, pinnate, 15-25 cm long, with 3-13 leaflets; the leaflets being distinctively slender, 3-8 cm long and 1-1.5 cm broad. The flowers are produced in inflorescences which can be male, hermaphrodite or mixed male and hermaphrodite. The male and hermaphrodite flowers occur on all individuals, i.e. all trees are functionally hermaphrodite. Flowering occurs in early spring. The fruit when fully formed is a samara 3-4 cm long, the seed 1.5-2 cm long with a pale brown wing 1.5-2 cm long.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

There are three subspecies, treated as distinct species by some authors:^[1]^[2]

Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia. Western Europe north to France, northwest Africa. Leaves with 7–13 leaflets; leaflets hairless beneath.
Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha Afonso (syn. F. oxycarpa M.Bieb. ex Willd.). Caucasian Ash. Eastern Europe north to the Czech Republic, southwest Asia east to northern Iran. Leaves with 3–9 leaflets; leaflets with white hairs on the lower half of the midribs.
Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. danubialis (Z. Pouzar) (or previously pannonica; R. Soo & T. Simon), being very similar to the subsp. oxycarpa. It is native to Central and Eastern Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Ukraine). Terms in its name, danubialis and pannonica, refer to the Danube river and Pannonia (an ancient Roman province), respectively.

The cultivar 'Raywood', derived from subsp. oxycarpa, is very commonly planted as an ornamental tree in temperate regions; it has notable autumn colour, but has the major drawback of very brittle branches.

Gallery

Leaves of subsp. oxycarpa
Specimen of 'Raywood', typically showing several broken branches
Young spring leaves of subsp. angustifolia which is known as Desert Ash in Australia is classed as a weed^[6].
New leaves of subsp. angustifolia

References

^ ^a ^b Flora Europaea: Fraxinus angustifolia
^ ^a ^b ^c Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
^ Mitchell, A. F. (1974). A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-212035-6
^ Mitchell, A. F. (1982). The Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-219037-0
^ Bean, W. J. (1978). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles 8th ed., vol. 2. John Murray ISBN 0-7195-2256-0.
^ "Desert ash". Weeds Australia. Retrieved 2008-06-11.

[fe-1] Flora Europaea: Fraxinus angustifolia

[rushforth-2] Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.

[afm-3] Mitchell, A. F. (1974). A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-212035-6

[afm1-4] Mitchell, A. F. (1982). The Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-219037-0

[bean2-5] Bean, W. J. (1978). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles 8th ed., vol. 2. John Murray ISBN 0-7195-2256-0.

[6] "Desert ash". Weeds Australia. Retrieved 2008-06-11.

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@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 *'''''Fraxinus angustifolia'' subsp. ''angustifolia'''''. Western Europe north to France, northwest Africa. Leaves with 7–13 leaflets; leaflets hairless beneath.
 *'''''Fraxinus angustifolia'' subsp. ''oxycarpa''''' (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha Afonso (syn. ''F. oxycarpa'' M.Bieb. ex Willd.). '''Caucasian Ash'''. Eastern Europe north to the Czech Republic, southwest Asia east to northern Iran. Leaves with 3–9 leaflets; leaflets with white hairs on the lower half of the midribs.
-*'''''Fraxinus angustifolia'' subsp. ''danubialis''''' (Z. Pouzar) or '''''pannonica''''' (R. Soo & T. Simon), being very similar to the subsp. ''oxycarpa''. It is native to Central and Eastern Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Ukraine). Terms in its name, danubialis and pannonica, refer to the Danube river and Pannonia (an ancient Roman province), respectively.
+*'''''Fraxinus angustifolia'' subsp. ''danubialis''''' (Z. Pouzar) (or previously '''''pannonica'''''; R. Soo & T. Simon), being very similar to the subsp. ''oxycarpa''. It is native to Central and Eastern Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Ukraine). Terms in its name, danubialis and pannonica, refer to the Danube river and Pannonia (an ancient Roman province), respectively.
 The [[cultivar]] [[Claret Ash|'Raywood']], derived from subsp. ''oxycarpa'', is very commonly planted as an [[ornamental tree]] in temperate regions; it has notable autumn colour, but has the major drawback of very brittle branches.