Bentley

For other uses, see Bentley (disambiguation).

Bentley Motors Limited

File:Bentley logo.svg
Company type	Subsidiary of Volkswagen Group
Industry	Manufacturing
Founded	18 January 1919
Founder	Walter Owen Bentley
Headquarters	Crewe, England
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Dr. Franz-Josef Paefgen, CEO
Products	Cars
Number of employees	4000 (2006)
Parent	Volkswagen Group
Website	BentleyMotors.com

Bentley's winged "B" badge and hood ornament.

1929 "Blower" Bentley from the Ralph Lauren collection.

Bentley Motors Limited is an British manufacturer of automobiles founded in England on 18 January 1919 by Walter Owen Bentley (known as W.O. Bentley or just W.O). Mr. Bentley had been previously known for his range of rotary aero-engines in World War I, the most famous being the Bentley BR1 as used in later versions of the Sopwith Camel. Since 1998 the company has been owned by the Volkswagen Group of Germany.

Bentley as a separate company (1919-1931)

Before World War I, W.O. Bentley had been in partnership with his brother H.M. Bentley selling French DFP cars; but he had always wanted to design and build his own range of cars bearing his own name. In August 1919 Bentley Motors Ltd was registered, and a chassis with dummy engine was exhibited at the London Motor Show in October that year. An engine was built and running by December and orders were taken for deliveries starting in June 1920. However, development took longer than estimated and the first cars were not ready until September 1921.

The company was always underfunded and Bentley turned to millionaire Woolf Barnato for help in 1925. As part of a re-financing deal, leaving him effectively owning the company, Barnato became chairman. A great deal of Barnato's fortune was devoted to keeping Bentley afloat but the Great Depression destroyed demand for the company's expensive products, and it was finally sold to Rolls-Royce in 1931.

The Bentley Boys

A group of wealthy British motorists known as the "Bentley Boys" (Woolf Barnato, Sir Henry Birkin, steeplechaser George Duller, aviator Glen Kidston, automotive journalist S. C. H. "Sammy" Davis, and Dr. Dudley Benjafield among them) kept the marque's reputation for high performance alive. Thanks to the dedication of this group to serious racing, the company, located at Cricklewood, north London, was noted for its four consecutive victories at the 24 hours of Le Mans from 1927 to 1930. Their greatest competitor at the time, Bugatti, whose lightweight, elegant, but fragile creations contrasted with the Bentley's rugged reliability and durability, referred to them as "the world's fastest lorries". In March 1930, during the Blue Train Races, Woolf Barnato raised the stakes on Rover and its Rover Light Six having raced and beat Le Train Bleu for the first time, to better that record with his 6½ Litre Bentley Speed Six on a bet of 100 Pound Sterling. He drove against the train from Cannes to Calais, then by ferry to Dover and finally London, travelling on public highways, and won; the H. J. Mulliner-bodied formal saloon he drove during the race as well as a streamlined fastback "Sportsman Coupe" by Gurney Nutting he took delivery of on 21 May 1930 became known as the Blue Train Bentleys; the latter is regularly mistaken for or erroneously referred to as being the car that raced the Blue Train, while in fact Barnato named it in memory of his race .

Car models

The original model was the 3 litre, but as customers put heavier bodies on the chassis a larger 4½ litre model followed. Perhaps the most iconic model of the period is the 4½ Litre "Blower Bentley", with its distinctive supercharger projecting forward from the bottom of the grille. Uncharacteristically fragile for a Bentley, it was not the racing workhorse, the 6½ Litre was. It became famous in popular media as the vehicle of James Bond in the original novels, but not in film; however John Steed in the television series The Avengers did drive a Bentley.

• 1921-1929 3 Litre
• 1926-1930 4½ Litre & "Blower Bentley"
• 1926-1930 6½ Litre
• 1928-1930 6½ Litre Speed Six
• 1930-1931 8 Litre
• 1931 4 Litre

Bentleys of the Rolls-Royce era (1931-1998)

1935 Bentley 3½ Litre Cabriolet

S1 Continental Fastback Coupé with Mulliner Bodywork

Bentley R Type 1952: an evolution of the Mark VI which was the first Bentley available from the manufacturer with a standard body.

Rare left-hand drive 1963 Bentley S3 Continental

Bentley Mulsanne 1980

Rolls-Royce had bought Bentley secretly using a company named the British Central Equitable Trust: not even Bentley himself knew the true identity of the purchaser until the deal was completed. A new company, wholly owned by Rolls-Royce, was formed as Bentley Motors (1931) Ltd. As W.O. Bentley was little more than an employee, he left to join Lagonda in 1935 when his contract was up for renewal. The Cricklewood factory was closed and sold and production moved to the Rolls-Royce works in Derby.

When a new Bentley car appeared in 1933, the 3½ Litre, it was a sporting variant of the Rolls-Royce 20/25 and although disappointing some traditional customers, it was well received by many others and even Bentley himself was reported as saying, "Taking all things into consideration, I would rather own this Bentley than any other car produced under that name."

After World War II, production of Rolls-Royce and Bentley cars was moved to an ex-wartime engine factory in Crewe, Cheshire. Bentleys became increasingly a Rolls-Royce without the distinctive grille and with a lower price tag and by the 1970s and early 1980s sales had fallen badly with at one time less than 5% of production carrying the Bentley badge.

The parent company failed in 1970 following problems with aero engine development and the car division was floated off to become Rolls-Royce Motors Ltd and remained independent until bought by Vickers in August 1980.

In the 1980s Bentley became a separate, high performance car line once again typified by the 1980 Mulsanne. The new sporting image created a new interest in the name and sales as a proportion of output started to rise. In 1986 the Rolls-Royce:Bentley ratio was 60:40 and in 1991 50:50 .

The Bentley factory in Crewe, Cheshire, is still known in the town by the name "Royce's". For more on Bentley Motors from 1931 to 1998, see Rolls-Royce and Rolls-Royce Motors.

Car models

• 1933–1937 3½ Litre
  • 1936–1939 4¼ Litre
• 1939–1941 Mark V
  • 1939 Mark V
• 1946–1952 Mark VI
• 1952–1955 R Type and Continental
• 1955–1959 S1 and Continental
• 1959–1962 S2 and Continental
• 1962–1965 S3 and Continental
• 1965–1980 T-series
  • 1965–1977 T1
  • 1977–1980 T2
• 1971–1984 Corniche
  • 1984–1995 Continental — convertible
    • 1992–1995 Continental Turbo
• 1975–1986 Camargue
• 1980–1987 Mulsanne
  • 1984–1988 Mulsanne L limousine
  • 1982–1985 Mulsanne Turbo
  • 1987–1992 Mulsanne S
  • 1984–1992 Eight — lower-priced model
  • 1985–1995 Turbo R — turbocharged performance version
  • 1991–2002 Continental R — turbocharged 2-door model
    • 1999–2003 Continental R Mulliner — performance model
    • 1994–1995 Continental S — intercooled
  • 1992–1998 Brooklands — improved Eight
    • 1996–1998 Brooklands R — performance Brooklands
  • 1994–1995 Turbo S — limited-edition sports model
  • 1995–1997 Turbo R — updated Turbo R
    • 1996 Turbo R Sport — limited-edition sports model
  • 1995–2003 Azure — convertible Continental R
    • 1999–2002 Azure Mulliner — performance model
  • 1996–2002 Continental T — short wheelbase performance model
    • 1999 Continental T Mulliner — firmer suspension
  • 1997–1998 Bentley Turbo RT — replacement for the Turbo R

Volkswagen Group ownership

2003 Bentley Azure Mulliner Final Series

In 1998, Rolls-Royce and Bentley Motors were purchased from Vickers (its owner since 1980) by Volkswagen Group for £430 million, following a bid warring with BMW. BMW had recently started supplying components for the new range of Rolls and Bentley cars, notably V8 engines for the Bentley Arnage and V12 engines for the Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph. VW believed that the Rolls-Royce name was included in the purchase, when in fact it belonged to Rolls-Royce plc, the aero-engine company, and was used by the automobile division under license. It also emerged that BMW's aeronautical division had a joint venture agreement with Rolls-Royce plc and that the German company was able to terminate its supply deal with Rolls-Royce at 12 months notice, which would not be enough time for VW to re-engineer the cars.

BMW and Volkswagen entered into negotiations and an agreement was reached whereby Volkswagen would manufacture both Bentley and Rolls-Royce cars until the end of 2002, licensing the name from Rolls-Royce plc. On 1 January 2003, the right to build Rolls-Royce cars would transfer to BMW. BMW licensed the brand from Rolls-Royce plc and paid £40 million to VW, but the deal did not include any manufacturing facilities, staff or intellectual property on present or future models. BMW also agreed to continue its supply agreements, which gave VW the time it needed to reduce its reliance on BMW as a supplier. Bentley re-introduced the venerable Rolls-Royce V8 engine into the Arnage, initially as an additional model, and all BMW engine supply ended in 2003 with the end of Silver Seraph production.

Modern Bentleys

The current Bentley lineup (L–R): Flying Spur, Continental GT, and Arnage

Queen Elizabeth II's Bentley State Limousine

In 2002, Bentley presented Queen Elizabeth II with an official State Limousine to celebrate the Golden Jubilee. In 2003, Bentley's 2-door convertible, the Bentley Azure, ceased production, and the company introduced the Bentley Continental GT, a large luxury coupe. The car is powered by a version of VW's W-12 engine.

Demand had been so great that the factory at Crewe, Cheshire, was unable to meet orders despite an installed capacity of approximately 9500 vehicles per year. There was a waiting list of over a year for new cars to be delivered. Consequently, production of the new Flying Spur, a four-door version of the Continental GT, was assigned to the Transparent Factory, where the VW Phaeton luxury car is also assembled. This arrangement ceased at the end of 2006, and all car production reverted to the Crewe plant.

In April 2005, Bentley confirmed plans to produce a 4-seat convertible model, the Azure, derived from the Arnage Drophead Coupe prototype, at Crewe beginning in 2006. By the autumn of 2005, the convertible version of the successful Continental GT, the Continental GTC was also presented. These two models were successfully launched in late 2006.

Bentley sales continued to increase and in 2005 were 8,627 sold worldwide, 3,654 of which were sold in the United States. In 2007, with sales of 10,014, the 10,000 cars per year threshold was broken for the first time in the company's history. For 2007 a record profit of €155 million was also announced.

• 1998– Arnage saloon
• 1999– Hunaudieres Concept
• 2002– State Limousine
• 2003– Continental GT coupé
• 2005– Continental Flying Spur saloon
• 2006– Azure convertible
• 2006– Continental GT convertible
• 2008– Bentley Brooklands coupé
• 2008– Continental GT Speed coupé
• 2008– Bentley Continental Flying Spur Speed saloon

The current Board of Management consists of Dr. Franz-Josef Paefgen, Chairman and Chief-Executive, Dr. Ulrich Eichhorn, Engineering, Stuart J. McCullough, Sales & Marketing, Douglas G. Dickson, Manufacturing, Christine A. Gaskell, Personnel and Juergen Hoffmann Finance.

Current Bentley Racing

In 2001-2003, the Bentley Speed 8 enjoyed a successful racing streak in the Le Mans series.

Future Cars

Since the successful launch of the Continental GT, GTC and Flying Spur, producing a new halo model to replace the Arnage has become a priority, as against the Rolls-Royce Motor Cars and Maybach rivals the car is dated. A new Arnage would most probably be based on a chassis designed for the next generation Audi A8, due to its versatility. The new car is expected for the 2010 model year, and is said to take styling cues from the Bentley State Limousine.

In 2008 and 2009 the Continental GTC and Flying Spur are widely expected to receive the changes already made to the Continental GT, with a new front splitter and chrome headlight surrounds among other changes.

Since Bentley's induction into the VW Group, rumours of an SUV style vehicle have repeatedly surfaced. These have been shot down by Bentley employees on the basis that the idea would not fit into their future plans and also the fact that the manufacturing facilities are already running at full capacity.

Borrowing hybrid technology developed by Bentley owners VW Group is another focal point as the trend towards hybrid cars is expanding year on year.

A limited run of a Zagato modified GT was also announced in March 2008, dubbed "GTZ".

Further reading

• Richard Feast - Kidnap of the Flying Lady: How Germany Captured Both Rolls-Royce and Bentley (Motorbooks, 2003) ISBN 0-7603-1686-4
• Andrew Frankel - Bentley - the Story (Redwood Publishing, 2005) ISBN 0-9517751-9-7

External links

• Bentley Motors official site
  • Bentley Arnage T microsite
  • Bentley Arnage R microsite
  • Bentley Arnage RL microsite
  • Bentley Azure microsite
  • Bentley Continental GT microsite
  • Bentley Continental GTC microsite
  • Bentley Continental Flying Spur microsite
• Rolls-Royce and Bentley enthusiasts' website
• Vintage Bentleys Website
• Bentley Drivers Club Website
• Bentley Ukraine
• Bentley & Rolls-Royce Online Club
• Inside the Bentley factory - Jorn Madslien, BBC News