Filipino people of Spanish ancestry: Difference between revisions

Spanish Filipino
	Notable Spanish Filipinos: ; Paulino Alcántara, and Enrique Iglesias.
Total population
	Official population numbers are unknown.
Regions with significant populations
	Philippines, and Spain.
Languages
	Spanish, Filipino, other Philippine languages, and English.
Religion
	Christianity (Predominantly Roman Catholic, with a minority of Protestants)
Related ethnic groups
	Other Filipino people, and Spanish people.

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Revision as of 15:50, 14 January 2009

Spanish settlement in the Philippines first took place in the late 16th century, during the Spanish colonial period of the islands. The conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi founded the first Spanish settlement in Cebu in 1565, and later established Manila as the capital of the Philippine province in 1571. The Philippines is named after King Philip II of Spain, and it became a territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain which was governed from Mexico City until the early 19th century, when Mexico obtained independence. From the 1820's, the archipelago was ruled directly from Madrid, Spain.

Spaniards are referred by Filipinos as "Kastila" (Castilian) named after the former Kingdom of Castile, now a region of Spain. The majority of the Filipinos of Spanish descent are of Andalusian origin, while a minority are Catalan or Basque descents. Another term "Hispano-Filipinos" indicates they are of both ethnic, and cultural Spanish origin.

Ancestry

Filipino mestizos of Spanish ancestry

The Spanish conquest between 1521 to 1565, prompted the colonization of the Philippine Islands that lasted for more about 377 years. The Philippines was administered from the Viceroyalty of New Spain until the grant of independence to Mexico in 1821 necessitated the direct rule from Spain of the Philippines from that year. Early Spanish settlers who are mostly exporers, soldiers, government officials, religious missionaries and among others born in Spain and Mexico called Peninsulares who settled in the islands with their families to rule over the colonized land and the indigenous population. Some of these individuals married or inter-breed with the native population to reinforce the colonization of the islands while some married only spaniards of pure Spanish descent. Their suceeding generation called Insulares became Local Officers and Hacienderos who were granted large Plantations by the Spanish Government. In some provinces like, Iloilo, Cebu, Pampanga, and Zamboanga, The ruling Spanish government encouraged foreign merchants to trade with the locals but they were not given certain privileges like ownership of land. From this contact social intercourse between foreign merchants and natives, a new culture eventually came into being and the former caste system was quickly transformed. A mestizo class was born from intermarriages of the Spaniards and merchants with the Malayo-Polynesian natives. Their descendants, emerged later as the more influential part of the ruling class or the Principalía.

Mexicans of European or Mestizo heritage also arrived in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. Between 1565 and 1815, Hispanics from Mexico and Spain sailed to and from the Philippines as Local Officers, Hacienderos, Priests, traders, sailors, adventurers, and soldiers in the Manila-Acapulco Galleon assisting the Spanish crown in its trade between Latin America and the Philippines. They also brought with them Negros, Mullatos, and Mexican Indians as crews, servants, prisoners & slaves. Some of them married locals of different classes and has been diluted into the greater population.

The exact percentage of Filipinos with Spanish ancestry is still unknown. However only those Filipinos who possess a clear mixed-race appearance are considered by most as actual mestizos. In the same way, mestizos who are less Spanish looking and possess darker-complexioned skin could be considered more as a "native Filipino" than as an actual mestizo. Some offspring of Spanish men and indigenous Filipino women may have adopted the culture of their fathers and grand parents, however only a few mixed race families in the Philippines still speak Spanish among themselves^[1];

The Philippine Statistics Department does not account for the racial background or ancestry of an indivdual. The number of Filipino mestizos that reside outside the Philippines is also unknown, because of the social perception that a person has to look a certain way in order to be considered Mestizo, and also because of the historical stigma associated with having Spanish blood from affairs with local women (las queridas), even though many mestizos may not be considered as such. These factors have urged some Spanish-Filipino mestizos to hide their Spanish ancestry to avoid the social negative stereo-type stigma by the predominantly indigenous population. It was usually only the offspring of recognized marriages between Spaniards and indigenous Filipino women that were given general recognition as mestizos. Today, very few families remained unmixed or still of pure spanish descent, Most of which have ancestors who arrived not earlier than the 1800's.

Migration of Filipino-Spanish Mestizos

With the destruction of Intramuros during World War II a portion of Filipinos of Spanish ancestry living in that district of Manila migrated to Spain, Latin America, Australia, or the United States. Much of this migration was forceful, as hundreds of homes of Hispanic Filipino families were destroyed during the war. Others migrated during the Marcos regime.

Spanish Filipinos for the most part are found in both the upper, and upper middle socio-economic classes, with a relatively small percentage found among the lower socio-economic classes. Some are active in politics, commerce and industry, entertainment, and professional sports.

Language and culture

Some Filipinos of Spanish descent speak their respective regional languages. They also use English in the public sphere, as well as Filipino, other Philippine languages, or Spanish.

Some Spanish Filipinos can still speak Spanish but not as their first language. Though a minority of the Philippines speaks Spanish most Filipinos of Spanish families particularly those of older generations, and recent immigrants, have preserved Spanish as a spoken compulsive language. in addition, Chavacano (a creole language based largely on Spanish vocabulary) is widely spoken in the southern Philippines, and forms one of the majority languages of Zamboanga del Sur, and Zamboanga del Norte. It is also spoken in some parts of northern Philippines.

Notable Filipinos of Spanish ancestry

External links

^ Emily Monroy, Race Mixing and Westernization in Latin America and the Philippines

[Race_Mixing_and_Westernization_in_Latin_America_and_the_Philippines-1] Emily Monroy, Race Mixing and Westernization in Latin America and the Philippines

[1]

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 ==Ancestry==
 ===Filipino mestizos of Spanish ancestry===
-The Spanish conquest between 1521 to 1565, prompted the colonization of the Philippine Islands that lasted for more about 377 years. The Philippines was administered from the Viceroyalty of New Spain until the grant of independence to Mexico in 1821 necessitated the direct rule from Spain of the Philippines from that year. Early Spanish settlers who are mostly Military Officers & Businessmen born in Spain called Peninsulares settled in the islands with their families to rule over the colonized land & locals. Some officers married the daughters of Raja's & Datu's (local Chieftains) to reinforce the colonization of the islands while some married only spaniards of pure Spanish descent. Their suceeding generation called Insulares became Local Officers & Hacienderos who were granted large Plantations by the spanish Government. In some provinces like, Iloilo, Cebu, Pampanga, & Zamboanga, The ruling Spanish government encouraged foreign merchants to trade with the locals but they were not given certain privileges like ownership of land. From this contact and social intercourse between foreign merchants, e.g., Chinese, Indians, and especially with the Spanish colonizers, a new culture eventually came into being and the former caste system was quickly transformed. A mestizo class was born from intermarriages of the Spaniards and merchants with the Malayo-Polynesian natives.[13] Their descendants, emerged later as the more influential part of the ruling class or the Principalía.[14]
+The Spanish conquest between 1521 to 1565, prompted the colonization of the Philippine Islands that lasted for more about 377 years. The Philippines was administered from the Viceroyalty of New Spain until the grant of independence to Mexico in 1821 necessitated the direct rule from Spain of the Philippines from that year. Early Spanish settlers who are mostly exporers, soldiers, government officials, religious missionaries and among others born in Spain and Mexico called Peninsulares who settled in the islands with their families to rule over the colonized land and the indigenous population. Some of these individuals married or inter-breed with the native population to reinforce the colonization of the islands while some married only spaniards of pure Spanish descent. Their suceeding generation called Insulares became Local Officers and Hacienderos who were granted large Plantations by the Spanish Government. In some provinces like, Iloilo, Cebu, Pampanga, and Zamboanga, The ruling Spanish government encouraged foreign merchants to trade with the locals but they were not given certain privileges like ownership of land. From this contact social intercourse between foreign merchants and natives, a new culture eventually came into being and the former caste system was quickly transformed. A mestizo class was born from intermarriages of the Spaniards and merchants with the Malayo-Polynesian natives. Their descendants, emerged later as the more influential part of the ruling class or the Principalía.
-Mexicans of European or Mestizo heritage also arrived in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. Between 1565 and 1815, Hispanos from Mexico and Spain sailed to and from the Philippines as Local Officers, Hacienderos, Priests, traders, sailors, adventurers, and soldiers in the Manila-Acapulco Galleon assisting the Spanish crown in its trade between the Latin world and the Philippines. They also brought with them Negros, Mullatos, & Mexican Indios as crews, servants, prisoners & slaves. All of them married locals of different classes and has been diluted into the greater population.
+Mexicans of European or Mestizo heritage also arrived in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. Between 1565 and 1815, Hispanics from Mexico and Spain sailed to and from the Philippines as Local Officers, Hacienderos, Priests, traders, sailors, adventurers, and soldiers in the Manila-Acapulco Galleon assisting the Spanish crown in its trade between Latin America and the Philippines. They also brought with them Negros, Mullatos, and Mexican Indians as crews, servants, prisoners & slaves. Some of them married locals of different classes and has been diluted into the greater population.
 The exact percentage of Filipinos with Spanish ancestry is still unknown. However only those Filipinos who possess a clear mixed-race appearance are considered by most as actual mestizos. In the same way, mestizos who are less Spanish looking and possess darker-complexioned skin could be considered more as a "native Filipino" than as an actual mestizo. Some offspring of Spanish men and indigenous Filipino women may have adopted the culture of their fathers and grand parents, however only a few mixed race families in the Philippines still speak Spanish among themselves<ref name="Race Mixing and Westernization in Latin America and the Philippines"> [http://www.analitica.com/Bitblio/emily_monroy/race_mixing.asp Emily Monroy, Race Mixing and Westernization in Latin America and the Philippines<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>;