Lionfish (disambiguation): Difference between revisions
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== Native environment == |
== Native environment == |
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The lionfish is native to the tropical Indo-Pacific region of the world, but various species can be found worldwide. Due to a recent introduction, the lionfish has recently been spotted in the warmer coral regions of the Eastern [[Atlantic Ocean]] and [[Caribbean Sea]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Whitfield, P; Gardner, T; Vives, SP; Gilligan, MR; Courtney Jr, WR; Ray, GC; Hare, JA |title=The Introduction and Dispersal of the Indo-Pacific Lionfish (Pterois volitans) Along the Atlantic Coast of North America |journal=In: SF Norton (ed). Diving for Science...2003. |volume=Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences |issue=22nd Annual Scientific Diving Symposium |date=2003 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4766 |accessdate=2008-08-13 }}</ref> Lionfish are an [[invasive species]] in the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea regions. <ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/08/nyregion/08fish.html Bruce Lambert, "A Spiny Invader Proliferates in L.I. Waters, and Scientists Wonder About Its Impact", - New York Times (September 8, 2006)]</ref> Successful breeding of the lionfish in captivity has not been reported. |
The lionfish is native to the tropical Indo-Pacific region of the world, but various species can be found worldwide. Due to a recent introduction, the lionfish has recently been spotted in the warmer coral regions of the Eastern [[Atlantic Ocean]] and [[Caribbean Sea]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Whitfield, P; Gardner, T; Vives, SP; Gilligan, MR; Courtney Jr, WR; Ray, GC; Hare, JA |title=The Introduction and Dispersal of the Indo-Pacific Lionfish (Pterois volitans) Along the Atlantic Coast of North America |journal=In: SF Norton (ed). Diving for Science...2003. |volume=Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences |issue=22nd Annual Scientific Diving Symposium |date=2003 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4766 |accessdate=2008-08-13 }}</ref> Lionfish are an [[invasive species]] in the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea regions. <ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/08/nyregion/08fish.html Bruce Lambert, "A Spiny Invader Proliferates in L.I. Waters, and Scientists Wonder About Its Impact", - New York Times (September 8, 2006)]</ref> Successful breeding of the lionfish in captivity has not been reported. In early 2009, the Lionfish was spotted in the Florida Keys, seemingly increasing its range.<ref>[http://www.miamiherald.com/news/environment/story/859227.html Miami Herald, "Newcomer to Keys is unwelcome, uncouth"]</ref> |
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== Size == |
== Size == |
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Revision as of 14:10, 19 January 2009
A Lionfish is any of several species of venomous marine fish in the genera Pterois, Parapterois, Brachypterois, Ebosia or Dendrochirus, of the family Scorpaenidae. The lionfish is also known as the Turkey Fish, Dragon Fish or Scorpion Fish.[1] They are notable for their extremely long and separated spines, and have a generally striped appearance, red, brown, orange, yellow, black, maroon, or white.
Native environment
The lionfish is native to the tropical Indo-Pacific region of the world, but various species can be found worldwide. Due to a recent introduction, the lionfish has recently been spotted in the warmer coral regions of the Eastern Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea.[2] Lionfish are an invasive species in the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea regions. [3] Successful breeding of the lionfish in captivity has not been reported. In early 2009, the Lionfish was spotted in the Florida Keys, seemingly increasing its range.[4]
Size
There are many types of lionfish that vary in size. The common lionfish generally reaches a size of 30-35cm, while smaller lionfish, like the Fuzzy Dwarf, are typically the size of a tennis ball, not including fins.
Caution
NOAA encourages everyone (divers and fishers) to be extremely cautious and avoid contact with the venomous spines of the lionfish. Although they are not deadly, they are very painful. [5]
Venom
The lionfish is one of the most venomous fish on the ocean bottom floor. Lionfish have venomous dorsal spines that are used purely for defense. When threatened, the fish often faces its attacker in a head-down posture which brings its spines to bear. However, a lionfish's sting is usually not fatal to humans. If a human is envenomed, that person will experience extreme pain, and possibly headaches, vomiting, and breathing difficulties. A common treatment is soaking the afflicted area in hot water, as very few hospitals carry specific treatments.[6][7][8] However, immediate emergency medical treatment is still advised, as some people are more susceptible to the venom than others.
Feeding
Lionfish are voracious predators. When hunting, they corner prey using their large fins and then use their quick reflexes to swallow the prey whole. In captivity, lionfish can be trained to eat frozen brine shrimp, mysis, and krill.
Predators
The lionfish have very few natural predators, but the grouper and other lionfish have been found with lionfish remains in their stomaches.
References
- ^ Mike McEwan, "A Fierce Predator: When the Lionfish shows its aggressive looks, its no bluff", Aquaria Central
- ^ Whitfield, P; Gardner, T; Vives, SP; Gilligan, MR; Courtney Jr, WR; Ray, GC; Hare, JA (2003). "The Introduction and Dispersal of the Indo-Pacific Lionfish (Pterois volitans) Along the Atlantic Coast of North America". In: SF Norton (ed). Diving for Science...2003. Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences (22nd Annual Scientific Diving Symposium). Retrieved 2008-08-13.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Bruce Lambert, "A Spiny Invader Proliferates in L.I. Waters, and Scientists Wonder About Its Impact", - New York Times (September 8, 2006)
- ^ Miami Herald, "Newcomer to Keys is unwelcome, uncouth"
- ^ "Have You Seen Me?" National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science"
- ^ Aldred B, Erickson T, Lipscomb J (1996). "Lionfish envenomations in an urban wilderness". Wilderness Environ Med. 7 (4): 291–6. PMID 11990126.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Taylor, G. (2000). "Toxic fish spine injury: Lessons from 11 years experience". South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society journal. 30 (1). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
- ^ Vetrano SJ, Lebowitz JB, Marcus S (2002). "Lionfish envenomation". J Emerg Med. 23 (4): 379–82. doi:10.1016/S0736-4679(02)00572-3. PMID 12480019. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)