Prime Minister of Bangladesh: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox Political post |
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|post = Prime Minister |
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|body = Bangladesh |
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|insignia = Prodhanmontri-emblem.jpg |
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|insigniasize = 75px |
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|insigniacaption = Government of Bangladesh |
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|image = Sheikh Hasina cropped.png |
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|incumbent = [[Sheikh Hasina]] |
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|incumbentsince = 6 January 2009 |
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|style = |
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|appointer = [[President of Bangladesh]] |
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|termlength = |
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|formation = 26 March 1971 |
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|inaugural = [[Tajuddin Ahmed]] |
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|website = http://www.pmo.gov.bd/ |
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}} |
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{{Politics of Bangladesh}} |
{{Politics of Bangladesh}} |
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The '''Prime Minister of Bangladesh''' is, in practice, the most powerful political position in [[Bangladesh]]. The [[President of Bangladesh]] is considered senior to the Prime Minister, but holds a largely ceremonial role. The Prime Minister has effective control over the executive arm of government, and presides over the country's cabinet. |
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==List of Prime Ministers of Bangladesh (1971-Present)== |
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The '''Prime Minister of Bangladesh''' is, in practice, the most powerful political position in [[Bangladesh]]. The [[President of Bangladesh]] is considered senior to the Prime Minister, but holds a largely ceremonial role. The Prime Minister has effective control over the executive arm of government, and presides over the country's cabinet. |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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| |
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|'''Name''' |
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|'''Took Office''' |
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|'''Left Office''' |
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|'''Party''' |
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|- bgcolor=#E9DFCC |
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|1 |
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|[[Tajuddin Ahmed]] |
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|[[11 April]] [[1971]] |
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|[[13 January]] [[1972]] |
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|[[Bangladesh Awami League| Awami League]] |
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|- bgcolor=#E9DFCC |
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|2 |
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|[[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] |
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|[[13 January]] [[1972]] |
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|[[26 January]] [[1975]] |
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|[[Bangladesh Awami League| Awami League]] |
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|- bgcolor=#E9DFCC |
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|3 |
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|[[Mohammad Mansoor Ali]] |
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|[[26 January]] [[1975]] |
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|[[15 August]] [[1975]] |
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|[[Bangladesh Awami League| Awami League]] |
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|- bgcolor=#DDFFDD |
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|4 |
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|[[Shah Azizur Rahman]] |
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|[[15 April]] [[1979]] |
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|[[24 March]] [[1982]] |
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|[[Bangladesh Nationalist Party| Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] |
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|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC |
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|5 |
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|[[Ataur Rahman Khan]] |
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|[[30 March]] [[1984]] |
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|[[9 July]] [[1986]] |
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|[[Jatiya Party]] |
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|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC |
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|6 |
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|[[Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury]] |
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|[[9 July]] [[1986]] |
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|[[27 March]] [[1988]] |
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|[[Jatiya Party]] |
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|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC |
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|7 |
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|[[Moudud Ahmed]] |
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|[[27 March]] [[1988]] |
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|[[12 August]] [[1989]] |
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|[[Jatiya Party]] |
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|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC |
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|8 |
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|[[Kazi Zafar Ahmed]] |
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|[[12 August]] [[1989]] |
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|[[6 December]] [[1990]] |
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|[[Jatiya Party]] |
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|- bgcolor=#DDFFDD |
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|9 |
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|[[Khaleda Zia]], 1st and 2nd time |
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|[[20 March]] [[1991]] |
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|[[30 March]] [[1996]] |
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|[[Bangladesh Nationalist Party| Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] |
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|- |
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| - |
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|''[[Habibur Rahman]]'' |
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|''[[31 March]] [[1996]]'' |
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|''[[22 July]] [[1996]]'' |
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|''Caretaker'' (interim) |
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|- bgcolor=#E9DFCC |
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|10 |
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|[[Hasina Wazed]], 1st time |
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|[[23 June]] [[1996]] |
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|[[15 July]] [[2001]] |
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|[[Bangladesh Awami League| Awami League]] |
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|- |
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| - |
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|''Latifur Rahman'' |
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|''[[16 July]] [[2001]]'' |
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|''[[9 October]] [[2001]]'' |
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|''Caretaker'' (interim) |
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|- bgcolor=#DDFFDD |
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|11 |
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|[[Khaleda Zia]], 3rd time |
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|[[10 October]] [[2001]] |
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|[[29 October]] [[2006]] |
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|[[Bangladesh Nationalist Party| Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] |
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|- |
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| - |
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|''[[Iajuddin Ahmed]]'' |
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|''[[20 October]] [[2006]]'' |
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|''[[10 January]] [[2007]]'' |
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|''Caretaker'' (interim) |
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|- |
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| - |
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|''Fazlul Haque'' |
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|''[[11 January]] [[2007]]'' |
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|''[[11 January]] [[2007]]'' |
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|''Caretaker'' (interim) |
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|- |
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| - |
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|''[[Fakhruddin Ahmed]]'' |
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|''[[12 January]] [[2007]]'' |
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|''[[6 January]] [[2009]]'' |
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|''Caretaker'' (interim) |
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|- bgcolor=#E9DFCC |
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|10 |
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|[[Hasina Wazed]], 2nd time |
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|[[6 January]] [[2009]] |
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|Present |
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|[[Bangladesh Awami League| Awami League]] |
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|} |
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==References== |
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== Appointment of the Prime Minister == |
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The Prime Minister is appointed by the President based on the situation in the ''Jatiya Sangsad'' (the Bangladeshi parliament). The Prime Minister will usually be the leader of the largest party (or coalition) in the ''Jatiya Sangsad'' and must have the confidence of the ''Jatiya Sangsad'' to govern. The cabinet is composed of ministers selected by the prime minister and appointed by the president. At least 90% of the ministers must be MPs. The other 10% may be non-MP experts or "technocrats" who are not otherwise disqualified from being elected MPs. According to the constitution, the president can dissolve Parliament upon the written request of the prime minister. |
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There is sometimes a certain amount of debate over who should be considered a Prime Minister. [[Mashiur Rahman]] governed under the title "Senior Minister". Excluding caretaker leaders (but including Mashiur Rahman, the Senior Minister), there have been eleven Prime Ministers of Bangladesh. One person, [[Khaleda Zia]], has held the position on three terms including two consecutive occasions.<ref>[http://www.un.int/bangladesh/gen/pm-bio.htm/Life Sketch BEGUM KHALEDA ZIA Hon'ble PRIME MINISTER PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH]</ref> She also holds the record for the longest total time served as Prime Minister. However, [[Sheikh Hasina Wazed]] narrowly holds the record for the longest ''unbroken'' premiership, with her term in office lasting a few weeks longer than Khaleda Zia's first term. |
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== Change of government == |
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In September 1991, the electorate approved changes to the constitution, formally creating a parliamentary system and returning governing power to the office of the prime minister, as in Bangladesh's original constitution. In October 1991, members of parliament elected a new head of state, President Abdur Rahman Biswas.<ref name=History>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.virtualbangladesh.com/history/overview.html |title=History overview |encyclopedia=[[Virtual Bangladesh]] |publisher=Virtual Bangladesh |accessdate=2008-04-05}}</ref> |
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== History == |
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===[[Khaleda Zia]] ([[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]])=== |
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Khaleda Zia served as Prime Minister of Bangladesh three consecutive times, since 1991. |
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Once in power, Khaleda Zia's government made substantial changes in education policy, introducing compulsory free primary education, free education for girls up to the 10th grade, a stipend for female students, and food for education programme. It also increased the age limit for entry into the [[civil service]] from 27 years to 30 years and made highest budgetary allocation in the education sector. |
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She became Prime Minister for the second consecutive term after the BNP had a landslide victory in 15 February 1996 general election to the sixth Jatiya Sangsad. The election was, however, boycotted by all other major parties who were demanding that the elections be held under a neutral caretaker government, following allegations of rigging in a by-election held in 1994. Turnout was estimated at around 5%, though the government at the time claimed it to be much higher. In the 12 June 1996 polls, BNP lost to [[Sheikh Hasina]]'s [[Awami League]] but emerged as the largest opposition party in the country's parliamentary history with 116 seats. |
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Aiming to return to power, the BNP formed a four-party alliance on 6 January 1999 with its former political foe the [[Jatiya Party]], and the Islamic party of [[Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh]] and the [[Islami Oikya Jot]] and launched several agitation programmes against the ruling [[Awami League]]. In the 2001 general elections [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]] won the election with a two-third majority of seats in parliament and 46% of the vote (compared to the principal opposition party's 40%) and Khaleda Zia was once again sworn in as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. |
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In 2008 election, they faced a landslide defeat. Khaleda led islamic alliance won only 32 seats and emerged as the smallest oppisition party in the country's parliamentary history. They only won 32% of the vote where there main rival AL won 50 percent of the total vote. |
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===[[Sheikh Hasina]] ([[Awami League|BAL]])=== |
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Awami League won 146 seats in the 1996 parliamentary elections. The support of the [[Jatiya Party]] and a few independent candidates were enough for the 150 or more seats needed for the required majority. Hasina took the oath as the prime minister of [[Bangladesh]]. She vowed to create a ''Government of National Unity''. Though some smaller parties and a few individuals from BNP did join the government, the distance between the main two political parties (as well as their leaders) remained as large as ever. |
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The [[Awami League]] succumbed to a landslide defeat in the 2001 Parliament elections. It won only 62 seats in the Parliament, while the Four Party Alliance led by the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] won more than 200 seats, giving them a two-third majority in the Parliament. Hasina herself was defeated from a constituency in Rangpur, which happened to contain her husband's hometown, but won from three other seats. Sheikh Hasina and the Awami League rejected the results, claiming that the election was rigged with the help of the President and the Caretaker government. However, the [[international community]] was largely satisfied with the elections and the Four Party Alliance went on to form the government. |
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In December 2008 election, Sheikh Hasina's party won 230 seats giving them the two-third majority in the parliament. She made an alliance with JP and left fronts and her grand alliance won 252 seats in the parliament. Sheikh Hasina took oath as Prime Minister on 6 January 2009. |
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== Political crisis == |
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The planned [[Bangladeshi parliamentary elections, 2007|22 January 2007 elections]] were marred by controversy. The Awami League and its allies protested, saying that the elections would not be fair because of alleged bias by the caretaker government in favor of Zia and the BNP. Hasina demanded that the head of the caretaker government, President [[Iajuddin Ahmed]], step down from that position, and on 3 January 2007, she announced that the Awami League and its allies would boycott the elections.<ref>Haroon Habib, [http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/04/stories/2007010405671400.htm "Polls won't be fair: Hasina"], ''The Hindu'', 4 January 2007.</ref> Later in the month a state of emergency was imposed, Ahmed stepped down, and the elections were postponed. |
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==2007 interim caretaker government== |
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{{main|Caretaker government of Bangladesh}} |
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On 12 January 2007, [[Iajuddin Ahmed|President Iajuddin Ahmed]] swore in [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]] as the Chief Adviser to the Interim Caretaker Government. For a country widely perceived as one of the world's most corrupt, the most dramatic aspect of Fakhruddin Ahmed's rule is his antigraft campaign against the establishment. So far, more than 160 senior politicians, top civil servants and security officials have been arrested on suspicion of graft and other economic crimes<ref> [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1601618,00.html Time Magazine] </ref>. The roundup has netted former ministers from the two main political parties, including former prime ministers [[Khaleda Zia]] and [[Sheikh Hasina]] and former chief adviser [[Fazlul Haque]]. |
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==List of Prime Ministers== |
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See ''[[List of Prime Ministers of Bangladesh]]'' |
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== See also == |
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* [[President of Bangladesh]] |
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* [[Caretaker government of Bangladesh|Caretaker government]] |
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* [[Politics of Bangladesh]] |
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* [[Army backed caretaker Government]] |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Lists of |
[[Category:Lists of office-holders|Bangladesh, Prime Minister]] |
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[[Category:Politics of Bangladesh]] |
[[Category:Politics of Bangladesh]] |
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[[Category:Government of Bangladesh]] |
[[Category:Government of Bangladesh]] |
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[[Category:Prime Ministers of Bangladesh| ]] |
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[[dv:ބަންގާޅުގެ ބޮޑުވަޒީރު]] |
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[[fr:Premiers ministres du Bangladesh]] |
[[fr:Premiers ministres du Bangladesh]] |
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[[id: |
[[id:Perdana Menteri Bangladesh]] |
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[[pl:Premierzy Bangladeszu]] |
[[pl:Premierzy Bangladeszu]] |
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[[vi:Thủ tướng Bangladesh]] |
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Revision as of 21:10, 19 January 2009
| This article is part of a series on the |
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The Prime Minister of Bangladesh is, in practice, the most powerful political position in Bangladesh. The President of Bangladesh is considered senior to the Prime Minister, but holds a largely ceremonial role. The Prime Minister has effective control over the executive arm of government, and presides over the country's cabinet.