Jump to content

Honor killing: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Muslims and controversies. Minus 'suicide' template - bizarre.
Line 66: Line 66:
UNICEF has reported that in India, more than 5,000 brides are killed annually because their marriage dowries are considered insufficient. Widney Brown, advocacy director for Human Rights Watch, says that these killings are similar to the killings in countries where Islam is practiced, because they have a similar dynamic in that the women are killed by male family members and the crimes are perceived as excusable or understandable.<ref name =NatGeo>{{citeweb|title=Thousands of Women Killed for Family "Honor"| last = Mayell| first = Hillary|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/02/0212_020212_honorkilling.html|publisher=''[[National Geographic]]''|accessdate=2008-02-08}}</ref>
UNICEF has reported that in India, more than 5,000 brides are killed annually because their marriage dowries are considered insufficient. Widney Brown, advocacy director for Human Rights Watch, says that these killings are similar to the killings in countries where Islam is practiced, because they have a similar dynamic in that the women are killed by male family members and the crimes are perceived as excusable or understandable.<ref name =NatGeo>{{citeweb|title=Thousands of Women Killed for Family "Honor"| last = Mayell| first = Hillary|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/02/0212_020212_honorkilling.html|publisher=''[[National Geographic]]''|accessdate=2008-02-08}}</ref>


Many cases of honour killings (known locally as karo-kari) have been reported in [[Pakistan]]. Amnesty International's report noted "the failure of the authorities to prevent these killings by investigating and punishing the perpetrators." <ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA33/018/1999|title=Pakistan: Honour killings of women and girls|publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> Recent cases include that of three teenage girls who were buried alive after refusing arranged marriages.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2008/0901/1220180158986.html|publisher=Irish Time|title=Three teenagers buried alive in Pakistan 'honour killing'}}</ref> Another case was that of Taslim Khatoon Solangi, 17, of Hajna Shah village in Khairpur district, which became widely reported after the graphic account of her father 57-year-old Gul Sher Solangi, who allegedly tortured and murdered his eight months’ pregnant daughter on March 7 on the orders of her father-in-law, who accused her of carrying a child conceived out of wedlock.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.thenational.ae/article/20081028/FOREIGN/662811008/1103/NEWS|title=Pakistan to investigate ‘honour killing’ case|publisher=Th National Newspaper, Abu Dhabi }}</ref>
Many cases of honour killings (known locally as karo-kari) have been reported in [[Pakistan]]. Amnesty International's report noted "the failure of the authorities to prevent these killings by investigating and punishing the perpetrators." <ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA33/018/1999|title=Pakistan: Honour killings of women and girls|publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> Recent cases include that of three teenage girls who were buried alive after refusing arranged marriages.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2008/0901/1220180158986.html|publisher=Irish Time|title=Three teenagers buried alive in Pakistan 'honour killing'}}</ref> Another case was that of Taslim Khatoon Solangi, 17, of Hajna Shah village in Khairpur district, which became widely reported after the graphic account of her father 57-year-old Gul Sher Solangi, who allegedly tortured and murdered his eight months’ pregnant daughter on March 7 on the orders of her father-in-law, who accused her of carrying a child conceived out of wedlock.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.thenational.ae/article/20081028/FOREIGN/662811008/1103/NEWS|title=Pakistan to investigate ‘honour killing’ case|publisher=Th National Newspaper, Abu Dhabi }}</ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4311055.stm].Statistically, honor killings enjoy high level of support in Pakistani society, despite widespread condemnation from human rights groups.<ref>[http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2004/07/24/2003180222]</ref> In [[2002]] alone, over According to Reuters, about 382 people were killed in the name of honor (karo-kari) in the [[Sindh]] province of [[Pakistan]]. Of these, 245 were women and 137 were men.<ref>[http://canadiancpd.medscape.com/viewarticle/573258_print]</ref>Over the course of six years, over 4,000 women have fallen victim to this practice in Pakistan over the last six years.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4311055.stm]</ref>Pakistani lawmakers have controversially used [[Islamic]] scripture to support honor killings.<ref>[http://www.propeller.com/story/2008/08/31/pakistani-lawmaker-defends-honor-killings-pakistan-msnbccom/]</ref>The average annual number of honor killings for the whole nation run up to more than 10,000 per year.<ref>"'Honour Killings' and the Law in Pakistan" by Sohail Warraich. Chapter 4 of "Honour, Crimes, paradigms, and violence against women" By Sara Hossain, and Lynn Welchman,Zed Books (November 10, 2005), ISBN-10: 1842776274</ref>


==Honour killing as a cultural practice==
==Honour killing as a cultural practice==

Revision as of 10:19, 22 January 2009

Template:Totally-disputed

Template:Muslims and controversies

Part of a series on
Homicide
Murder

Note: Varies by jurisdiction

Manslaughter
Non-criminal homicide

Note: Varies by jurisdiction

Family
Other

An honor killing or honour killing[1] is the murder of a family or clan member by one or more fellow family members, when the murderers (and potentially the wider community) believe the victim to have brought dishonour upon the family, clan, or community, normally by (a) utilising dress codes unacceptable to certain Islamic people or (b) engaging in certain sexual acts. These killings result from the perception that defense of honour justifies killing a person whose behavior dishonours their clan or family.[2]

The United Nations Population Fund estimates that the annual worldwide total of honour-killing victims may be as high as 5,000.[3]

Definitions

Human Rights Watch defines "honor killings" as follows:

Honor crimes are acts of violence, usually murder, committed by male family members against female family members, who are held to have brought dishonor upon the family. A woman can be targeted by (individuals within) her family for a variety of reasons, including: refusing to enter into an arranged marriage, being the victim of a sexual assault, seeking a divorce—even from an abusive husband—or (allegedly) committing adultery. The mere perception that a woman has behaved in a way that "dishonors" her family is sufficient to trigger an attack on her life.[2]

It should be noted that the loose term honour killing applies to killing of both males and females in cultures that practice it. For example, during the year 2002 in Pakistan, it is estimated that 245 women and 137 men were killed in the name of Karo-Kari in Sindh. These killings target women and men who choose to have relationships outside of their family's tribal affiliation and/or religious community.

Some women who bridge social divides, publicly engage other communities, or adopt some of the customs or the religion of an outside group may thus also be attacked. In countries that receive immigration, some otherwise low-status immigrant men and boys have asserted their dominant patriarchal status by inflicting honour killings on women family members who have participated in public life, for example in feminist and integration politics.[4] Women in the family do support the honour killing of one of their own, when they agree that the family is the property and asset of men and boys. Alternatively, matriarchs may be motivated not by personal belief in the misogynistic ideology of women as property, but rather by tragically pragmatic calculations. Sometimes a mother may support an honour killing of an "offending" female family member in order to preserve the honour of other female family members since many men in these societies will refuse to marry the sister of a "shamed" female whom the family has not chosen to punish, thereby "purifying" the family name by murdering the suspected female.

There is some evidence that homosexuality can also be perceived as grounds for honour killing by relatives. In one case, a gay Jordanian man who was shot and wounded by his brother.[5] In another case, a homosexual Turkish student, Ahmet Yildiz, who was shot outside a cafe and later died in hospital. His friends believe that he "was the victim of the country's first gay honour killing."[6]

Honour suicides

A recent phenomenon of Honour suicides occurs in Turkey. There has been many cases when people order or pressure a woman to kill herself; this may be done so that the people avoid penalties for murdering her. A special envoy for the United Nations named Yakin Erturk, who was sent to Turkey to investigate suspicious suicides amongst Kurdish girls, was quoted by The New York Times as saying that some suicides appeared in Kurdish-inhabited regions of Turkey to be "honour killings disguised as a suicide or an accident."[7][8]

Locations

According to the UN in 2002:

"The report of the Special Rapporteur ... concerning cultural practices in the family that are violent towards women (E/CN.4/2002/83), indicated that honour killings had been reported in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Pakistan, Punjab, the Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey, Yemen, and other Mediterranean and Persian Gulf countries, and that they had also taken place in western countries such as France, Germany and the United Kingdom, within migrant communities."[9][10]

There is a strong positive correlation violence against women, and women's social power and equality; and a baseline of development, associated with access to basic resources, health care, and human capital, such as literacy - as research by Richard G. Wilkinson shows. In a male dominated society, there is more inequality between men, and women lose out not just physically and economically, but crucially because men who feel subordinated will often try to regain a sense of their authority in turn by excessive subordination of those below them, ie women. (Interestingly, he says that in male-dominated societies, not only do women suffer more violence, and worse health: but so do men.) [11]

According to Widney Brown, advocacy director for Human Rights Watch, the practice "goes across cultures and across religions."[12]

Europe

In 2005 Der Spiegel Newspaper reports: 'In the past four months, six Muslim women living in Berlin have been brutally murdered by family members', and goes on to cover the case of Hatun Sürücü - killed by her brother for not staying with her husband of forced marriage, but of 'living like a German'. Precise statistics on how many women die every year in such honor killings are hard to come by, as many crimes are never reported, said Myria Boehmecke of the Tuebingen-based women's group Terre des Femmes which, among other things, tries to protect Muslim girls and women from oppressive families. The Turkish women's organization Papatya has documented 40 instances of honor killings in Germany since 1996.[13][14]

Hatun Sürücü's brother and murderer, was convicted of murder and jailed for nine years and three months by a German court in 2006.[15]

Every year in the UK, about 13 women are victims of honour killing, occuring almost exclusively to date within Asian and Middle Eastern families[16] and often cases are unresolved due to the unwillingness of family, relatives and communities to testify. A 2006 BBC poll for the Asian network in the UK found that 1 in 10 of the 500 young Asians polled said that they could condone the murder of someone who dishonoured their family[17] In the UK, in December 2005, Nazir Afzal, Director, West London, of Britain's Crown Prosecution Service, stated that the United Kingdom has seen "at least a dozen honour killings" between 2004 and 2005.[18][full citation needed][19] While precise figures do not exist for the perpetrators' cultural backgrounds, Diana Nammi of the UK's Iranian and Kurdish Women's Rights Organisation is reported to have said:"about two-thirds are Muslim. Yet they can also be Hindu, Sikh and even eastern European."[20]

Another well known case was of Heshu Yones, who was stabbed to death by her father when her family heard a love song dedicated to her and suspected she had a boyfriend. [21] (Some news sources attribute this to a different woman, and others claim that she was killed after being lured to Pakistan.) Another girl suffered a similar fate in Turkey. [22]

Middle East

In April 2008 it came to light that some months prior, a woman was killed by her father for chatting on Facebook to a man. The murder only came to light when a Saudi Cleric referred to the case in an attempt to demonstrate the 'strife' that the website 'causes'.[23]

A June 2008 Report by the Prime Ministry's Human Rights Directorate, says that in Istanbul alone, there is one honour killing every week; and reports over 1,000 during the last 5 years. It adds that metropolitan cities are the location of many of these.[24]

UNICEF reported that "According to 1999 estimates, more than two-thirds of all murders in Gaza strip and West bank were most likely 'honour' killings."[25]

In 2003 James Emery (adjunct professor of anthropology at Metropolitan State College of Denver and expert on Afghan politics and the Taliban) wrote: In the Palestinian communities of the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Israel, and Jordan, women are executed in their homes, in open fields, and occasionally in public, sometimes before crowds of cheering onlookers. Honor killings account for virtually all of the murders of Palestinian women in these areas. [26]

As many as 133 women were killed in the city of Basra alone in 2006 -- 79 for violation of "Islamic teachings" and 47 for honour killings, according to IRIN, the news branch of the U.N.'s Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Amnesty International claims honour killings are also conducted by armed groups, not the government, upon politically active women and those who did not follow a strict dress code, as well as women who are perceived as human rights defenders.[27]

In Israel, an honour killer was punished in March 2008 by being sentenced to jail for 16 years over [the] 'honour killing' of his sister" in the Hamda Abu Ghanem case.[28]

North America

A 2007 study by Dr. Amin Muhammad of Memorial University, Canada, showed how Islamic honour killings have been brought to Canada. He wrote: "When people come and settle in Canada they can bring their traditions and forcefully follow them. In some cultures, people feel some boundaries are never to be crossed, and if someone would violate those practices or go against it, then murder is justified to them." He also noted that there are hundreds of cases annually in his native Pakistan. He added that "In different cultures, they can get away without being punished -- the courts actually sanction them under religious contexts"[29]

Honor killings are rare in the United States, but a few cases have made major headlines. On New Year's Day, 2008, Yaser Said was accused of killing his daughters Amina (18) and Sarah (17) after finding out they had boyfriends (named Eddie and Eric, respectively). [30] Said remains at large and has been featured on America's Most Wanted. In July 2008, John P. Avlon (of the New York Post) claimed that the death of 25-year-old Sandeela Kanwal (allegedly by Chaudhry Rashid) as an "American Honour Killing."[31]

South Asia

UNICEF has reported that in India, more than 5,000 brides are killed annually because their marriage dowries are considered insufficient. Widney Brown, advocacy director for Human Rights Watch, says that these killings are similar to the killings in countries where Islam is practiced, because they have a similar dynamic in that the women are killed by male family members and the crimes are perceived as excusable or understandable.[12]

Many cases of honour killings (known locally as karo-kari) have been reported in Pakistan. Amnesty International's report noted "the failure of the authorities to prevent these killings by investigating and punishing the perpetrators." [32] Recent cases include that of three teenage girls who were buried alive after refusing arranged marriages.[33] Another case was that of Taslim Khatoon Solangi, 17, of Hajna Shah village in Khairpur district, which became widely reported after the graphic account of her father 57-year-old Gul Sher Solangi, who allegedly tortured and murdered his eight months’ pregnant daughter on March 7 on the orders of her father-in-law, who accused her of carrying a child conceived out of wedlock.[34][5].Statistically, honor killings enjoy high level of support in Pakistani society, despite widespread condemnation from human rights groups.[35] In 2002 alone, over According to Reuters, about 382 people were killed in the name of honor (karo-kari) in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Of these, 245 were women and 137 were men.[36]Over the course of six years, over 4,000 women have fallen victim to this practice in Pakistan over the last six years.[37]Pakistani lawmakers have controversially used Islamic scripture to support honor killings.[38]The average annual number of honor killings for the whole nation run up to more than 10,000 per year.[39]

Honour killing as a cultural practice

Sharif Kanaana, professor of anthropology at Birzeit University states that honor killing is:

A complicated issue that cuts deep into the history of Arab society. .. What the men of the family, clan, or tribe seek control of in a patrilineal society is reproductive power. Women for the tribe were considered a factory for making men. The honour killing is not a means to control sexual power or behavior. What's behind it is the issue of fertility, or reproductive power.[40]

An Amnesty International statement adds:

The regime of honor is unforgiving: women on whom suspicion has fallen are not given an opportunity to defend themselves, and family members have no socially acceptable alternative but to remove the stain on their honor by attacking the woman.[41]

Hina Jilani, lawyer and human rights activist

The right to life of women in Pakistan is conditional on their obeying social norms and traditions.[42]

A July 2008 Turkish study by a team from Dicle University on honor killings in the Southeastern Anatolia Region has so far shown that little if any social stigma is attached to the act. It also comments that the practise is not related to a feudal societal structure, "there are also perpetrators who are well-educated university graduates. Of all those surveyed, 60 percent are either high school or university gradates or at the very least, literate."[43]

According to the report of the Special Rapporteur submitted to the 58th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (2002) concerning cultural practices in the family that reflect violence against women (E/CN.4/2002/83):

The Special Rapporteur indicated that there had been contradictory decisions with regard to the honour defense in Brazil, and that legislative provisions allowing for partial or complete defense in that context could be found in the penal codes of Argentina, Ecuador, Egypt, Guatemala, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Peru, Syria, Venezuela and the Palestinian National Authority.[9]

Countries where the law is interpreted to allow men to kill female relatives in a premeditated effort as well as for crimes of passions, in flagrante delicto in the act of committing adultery, include:

  • Jordan: Part of article 340 of the Penal Code states that "he who discovers his wife or one of his female relatives committing adultery and kills, wounds, or injures one of them, is exempted from any penalty."[44] This has twice been put forward for cancellation by the government, but was retained by the Lower House of the Parliament, in 2003: a year in which at least seven honor killings took place.[45]

Countries that allow men to kill female relatives in flagrante delicto (but without premeditation) include:

  • Syria: Article 548 states that "He who catches his wife or one of his ascendants, descendants or sister committing adultery (flagrante delicto) or illegitimate sexual acts with another and he killed or injured one or both of them benefits from an exemption of penalty."

Countries that allow husbands to kill only their wives in flagrante delicto (based upon the Napoleonic code) include:

  • Morocco: Revisions to Morocco's criminal code in 2003 helped improve women's legal status by eliminating unequal sentencing in adultery cases. Article 418 of the penal code granted extenuating circumstances to a husband who murders, injures, or beats his wife and/or her partner, when catching them in flagrante delicto while committing adultery. While this article has not been repealed, the penalty for committing this crime is at least now the same for both genders. [citation needed]
  • In two Latin American countries, similar laws were struck down over the past two decades: according to human rights lawyer Julie Mertus "in Brazil, until 1991 wife killings were considered to be noncriminal 'honor killings'; in just one year, nearly eight hundred husbands killed their wives. Similarly, in Colombia, until 1980, a husband legally could kill his wife for committing adultery."[46]

Countries where honour killing is not legal but is known to occur include:

  • Turkey: In Turkey, persons found guilty of this crime are sentenced to life in prison.[8] There are well documented cases, where Turkish courts have sentenced whole families to life imprisonment for an honour killing. The most recent was on January 13, 2009, where a Turkish Court sentenced five members of the same Kurdish family to life imprisonment for the "honour killing" of Naile Erdas, 16, who got pregnant as a result of rape[47].


  • Pakistan: Honour killings are known as Karo Kari (Template:Lang-sd) (Template:Lang-ur). The practice is supposed to be prosecuted under ordinary murder, but in practice police and prosecutors often ignore it.[48] Often a man must simply claim the killing was for his honor and he will go free. Nilofar Bakhtiar, advisor to Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz, stated that in 2003, as many as 1,261 women were murdered in honor killings.[49] On December 8, 2004, under international and domestic pressure, Pakistan enacted a law that made honour killings punishable by a prison term of seven years, or by the death penalty in the most extreme cases.[50] Women's rights organizations were, however, wary of this law as it stops short of outlawing the practice of allowing killers to buy their freedom by paying compensation to the victim's relatives. Women's rights groups claimed that in most cases it is the victim's immediate relatives who are the killers, so inherently the new law is just eyewash. It did not alter the provisions whereby the accused could negotiate pardon with the victim's family under the Islamic provisions. In March 2005 the Pakistani parliament rejected a bill which sought to strengthen the law against the practice of honour killing.[51] However, the bill was brought up again, and in November 2006, it passed.[52] It is doubtful whether or not the law would actually help women.[53]
  • Egypt: A number of studies on honour crimes by The Centre of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London, includes one which reports on Egypt's legal system, noting a gender bias in favor of men in general, and notably article 17 of the Penal Code : judicial discretion to allow reduced punishment in certain circumstance, often used in honour killings case. [54]

See also

Victims

Further reading

  • Tintori, Karen, "Unto the Daughters: The Legacy of an Honor Killing in a Sicilian-American Family," St. Martin's Press, July 2007, 240 pp.
  • Wikan, Unni. 2002. Generous Betrayal: Politics of Culture in the New Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • "Jordan Parliament Supports Impunity for Honor Killing", Washington, D.C.: Human Rights Watch news release, January 2000
  • Burned Alive: A Victim of the Law of Men Alleged first-person account of Souad, a victim of an attempted honor killing (ISBN 0-446-53346-7) — The work is based on a repressed memory report and its authenticity has been questioned.[56]

References

  1. ^ See American and British English spelling differences.
  2. ^ a b "Violence Against Women and "Honor" Crimes". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2001-04-06. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  3. ^ "A Human Rights and Health Priority". United Nations Population Fund. Retrieved 2007-08-15. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ Template:Sv"Fadimes minnesfond". fadimesminne.nu. Retrieved 2007-06-06. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ Marina Jimenez. "Gay Jordanian now 'gloriously free' in Canada". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2004-05-20. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ Nicholas Birch. "Was Ahmet Yildiz the victim of Turkey's first gay honour killing?". The Independent. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ Dan Bilefsky. "How to Avoid Honor Killing in Turkey? Honor Suicide". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-16. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ a b Dan Bilefsky. "'Virgin suicides' save Turks' 'honor'". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2006-07-12. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  9. ^ a b "Working_towards_the_elimination_of_crimes_against_women_committed_in_the_name_of_honour" (PDF). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Retrieved 2008-02-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  10. ^ "Abu-Ghanem women speak out against serial 'honor killings'". Haaretz. Retrieved 2007-02-23. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  11. ^ Richard G. Wilkinson (2005). The Impact of Inequality. The New Press. ISBN 9781565849259.
  12. ^ a b Mayell, Hillary. "Thousands of Women Killed for Family "Honor"". National Geographic. Retrieved 2008-02-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  13. ^ ""The Whore Lived Like a German"". Der Spiegel, Germany.
  14. ^ "Muslim girls in Austria fighting forced marriages - Program for women helps them escape from family pressures, unwanted weddings -- and violence". San Francisco Chronicle.
  15. ^ "Turkish man in Berlin jailed for 'honour killing' of sister". www.expatica.com. here
  16. ^ "BBC: Honour killings in the UK". BBC. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ "One in 10 'backs honour killings'". BBC. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  18. ^ "Combating 'crimes of honor' through data, documentation, networking and development of strategies". University of Kent. Retrieved 2008-02-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  19. ^ Lily Gupta. "Multicultural sensitivity is no excuse for moral blindness ..." The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-02-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  20. ^ James Button. "My family, my killers". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  21. ^ http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article99191.ece
  22. ^ "A Feminist analysis of Honour Killings in rural Turkey".
  23. ^ Damien McElroy. "Saudi woman killed for chatting on Facebook". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  24. ^ "Honor killings claim 1,000 lives in five years". Turkish Daily News. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  25. ^ "UNICEF Executive Director targets violence against women". UNICEF. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  26. ^ "Honour Killings among the Palestinians".
  27. ^ Arwa Damon. "Violations of 'Islamic teachings' take deadly toll on Iraqi women". CNN. Retrieved 2008-02-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  28. ^ "Israeli Arab jailed for 16 years over 'honor killing' of his sister". The Associated Press. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  29. ^ Jamie Baker. "Cultural 'honour' killing brought to Canada". The Telegram. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  30. ^ http://www.dallasobserver.com/2008-06-19/news/american-girls
  31. ^ "An American Honour Killing". the New York Post.
  32. ^ "Pakistan: Honour killings of women and girls". Amnesty International.
  33. ^ "Three teenagers buried alive in Pakistan 'honour killing'". Irish Time.
  34. ^ "Pakistan to investigate 'honour killing' case". Th National Newspaper, Abu Dhabi.
  35. ^ [1]
  36. ^ [2]
  37. ^ [3]
  38. ^ [4]
  39. ^ "'Honour Killings' and the Law in Pakistan" by Sohail Warraich. Chapter 4 of "Honour, Crimes, paradigms, and violence against women" By Sara Hossain, and Lynn Welchman,Zed Books (November 10, 2005), ISBN-10: 1842776274
  40. ^ Suzanne Ruggi. "Commodifying Honor in Female Sexuality: Honor Killings in Palestine". Middle East Research and Information Project. Retrieved 2008-02-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  41. ^ "Broken bodies, shattered minds: Torture and ill-treatment of women". Amnesty International. Retrieved 2001-03-06. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  42. ^ "PAKISTAN Honour killings of girls and women". Amnesty International. Retrieved 2008-04-15. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  43. ^ Murat Gezer. "Honor killing perpetrators welcomed by society, study reveals". Today's Zaman. Retrieved 2008-07-15. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  44. ^ Altstein,Howard;Simon, Rita James (2003). Global perspectives on social issues: marriage and divorce. Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books. p. 11. ISBN 0-7391-0588-4. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  45. ^ "Jordan quashes 'honour crimes' law". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  46. ^ Wilets, James D. "Conceptualizing private violence against sexual minorities as gendered violence: an international and comparative law perspective". Albany Law Review. Retrieved 2009-02-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  47. ^ http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/articles/2009/01/13/1231608651606.html
  48. ^ "Pakistan's honor killings enjoy high-level support". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2004-07-24. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  49. ^ Masood, Salman. "Pakistan Tries to Curb 'Honor Killings'". New York Times. Retrieved 2004-10-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  50. ^ Shahid Qazi. "Honor Killings Persist in 'Man's World'". MSNBC. Retrieved 2008-09-12. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  51. ^ "Pakistan rejects pro-women bill". BBC News. Retrieved 2005-03-02. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  52. ^ Yasin, Asim. "Pakistan's Senate Approve Women Protection Bill". OhmyNews. Retrieved 2006-11-25. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  53. ^ "The Reality of 'Women Protection Bill'". www.livingislam.org. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  54. ^ "Honour: Crimes, Paradigms and Violence Against Women". School of Oriental and African Studies. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  55. ^ "Justice For Jassi". justiceforjassi.com. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  56. ^ Knox, Malcolm. "Historian challenges Palestinian bestseller". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2005-04-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Honor_killing&oldid=265674360"