Khalilullah Khalili: Difference between revisions
remove both Pashtun and Tajik ethnicity statements see Talk page under Origin, remove bad citations see talk page |
exChanging scientifc and real sources with pseudo-sources is considered as vandalism! Safis are not Pashtuns. The Safis of Pashtuns live in Pakiland and Kandahar...not in Shamal |
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===Life=== |
===Life=== |
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Although he wrote exclusively in Persian and is sometimes associated with [[Tajiks|Tajik]] nationalist ideology. He was of Tajik origine<ref>The Quatrains of Khalilulah Khalili - Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge</ref><ref>Orient - Von Nah- und Mittelost-Verein, Deutsches Orient-Institut, 1992, published by University of Michigan</ref><ref>Modern Afghanistan: : A History of Struggle and Survival; from Amin Saikal, Ravan Farhadi, Kirill Nourzhanov; published by I.B.Tauris, 2006</ref> and belonged to the greater Safi clan of Parwan, a Persian coallation formed in the middle of the 19th century of various Tajik families to protect their lands from Pashtun nomads. His parents, both from the Safi clan, were of powerful families.<ref name="Ehsan">[http://www.afghanmagazine.com/arts/khalili/khalili.html Ehsan, Said (1997) "Ustad Khalilullah Khalili" ''Lemar-Aftaab'' (''Afghan Magazine'') July-September 1997 issue], last accessed 17 January 2009. This article was published by Aftaabzad Publications and is respected as an electronic resources by Columbia University Libraries [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/mideast/cuvlm/ejournals.html] and Georgetown University Library [http://library.georgetown.edu/newjour/l/msg02593.html]</ref> His father, Mirzā Muhammad Hussein Khān, was Habibullah Khan's finance minister and owned mansions in [[Kabul]] and [[Jalalabad]]. His mother was the daughter of Abdul Qādir Khān, a Safi Khan of the [[Panjshir Valley|Kohistan region]]. She died when Khalili was seven. His father got hanged by Amanullah Khan. |
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Khalili lived and attended school in Kabul until he was 11, when Habibullāh Khan, king of Afghanistan, was assassinated, purportedly at the behest of his [[reformist]] son [[Amanullah Khan]], who quickly arrested and executed Khalili's father among others associated with the previous regime. Orphaned and unwanted in Kabul, he spent the turbulent years of Amanullah's reign in the ''Shamālī Plain'' north of Kabul where he studied classical literature and other traditional sciences with leading scholars and began writing poetry. In 1929, when [[Habibullah Kalakani]] - a local warlord from [[Kalakan District|Kalakan]] - assumed the emirship, Khalili's family once again came into power. Khaili, still in his twenties, was named governor of [[Mazar-i-Sharif]].<ref name="Ehsan"/> Later he joined his uncle Abdul Rahim Khan Safi, the new governor of [[Herat]], where he remained for more than 10 years. |
Khalili lived and attended school in Kabul until he was 11, when Habibullāh Khan, king of Afghanistan, was assassinated, purportedly at the behest of his [[reformist]] son [[Amanullah Khan]], who quickly arrested and executed Khalili's father among others associated with the previous regime. Orphaned and unwanted in Kabul, he spent the turbulent years of Amanullah's reign in the ''Shamālī Plain'' north of Kabul where he studied classical literature and other traditional sciences with leading scholars and began writing poetry. In 1929, when [[Habibullah Kalakani]] - a local warlord from [[Kalakan District|Kalakan]] - assumed the emirship, Khalili's family once again came into power. Khaili, still in his twenties, was named governor of [[Mazar-i-Sharif]].<ref name="Ehsan"/> Later he joined his uncle Abdul Rahim Khan Safi, the new governor of [[Herat]], where he remained for more than 10 years. |
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Revision as of 21:54, 25 January 2009
Khalilullah Khalili (1907–1987; Template:PerB - Ḫalīlallāḥ Ḫalīlī; alternative spellings: Khalilollah, Khalil Ullah) was Afghanistan's foremost 20th century poet as well as a noted historian, university professor, diplomat and royal confidant. He was the last of the great classical Persian poets and among the first to introduce modern Persian poetry and Nimai style to Afghanistan. He had also expertise in Khorasani style and was a follower of Farrukhi Sistani. Almost alone among Afghanistan's poets, he enjoyed a following in Iran where his selected poems have been published. His works have been praised by renowned Iranian literary figures and intellectuals. Many see him as the greatest contemporary poet of the Persian language in Afghanistan. He is also known for his major work "Hero of Khorasan", a controversial biography of Habibullah Kalakani, Emir of Afghanistan in 1929.
Life
Although he wrote exclusively in Persian and is sometimes associated with Tajik nationalist ideology. He was of Tajik origine[1][2][3] and belonged to the greater Safi clan of Parwan, a Persian coallation formed in the middle of the 19th century of various Tajik families to protect their lands from Pashtun nomads. His parents, both from the Safi clan, were of powerful families.[4] His father, Mirzā Muhammad Hussein Khān, was Habibullah Khan's finance minister and owned mansions in Kabul and Jalalabad. His mother was the daughter of Abdul Qādir Khān, a Safi Khan of the Kohistan region. She died when Khalili was seven. His father got hanged by Amanullah Khan.
Khalili lived and attended school in Kabul until he was 11, when Habibullāh Khan, king of Afghanistan, was assassinated, purportedly at the behest of his reformist son Amanullah Khan, who quickly arrested and executed Khalili's father among others associated with the previous regime. Orphaned and unwanted in Kabul, he spent the turbulent years of Amanullah's reign in the Shamālī Plain north of Kabul where he studied classical literature and other traditional sciences with leading scholars and began writing poetry. In 1929, when Habibullah Kalakani - a local warlord from Kalakan - assumed the emirship, Khalili's family once again came into power. Khaili, still in his twenties, was named governor of Mazar-i-Sharif.[4] Later he joined his uncle Abdul Rahim Khan Safi, the new governor of Herat, where he remained for more than 10 years.
In the early 1940s, he followed his uncle Abdul Rahim Khan Safi, who had been appointed a deputy prime minister, to Kabul. His stay in Kabul was cut short when, in 1945, some elders of the Safi-Clan rebelled and both uncle and nephew were imprisoned. After a year in prison, Khalili was released and exiled to Kandahar where he flourished as a poet and writer.
In the 1950s, Khalili was allowed to return to Kabul where he was appointed as minister of culture and information and began teaching at Kabul University.[5] He became a confident to King Zahir Shah whom he often joined on hunting expeditions.
In the 1960s and 1970s, Khalili, who was fluent in Arabic, served as Afghanistan's ambassador to Saudi Arabia and Iraq. He was a member of the 1964 Constitutional Assembly and a representative from Jabal al-Siraj.
Following the April 1978 Communist coup, Khalili sought asylum first in Germany and then in the United States where he wrote much of his most powerful poetry about the war in his native land. In the late 1980s, he moved to Islamabad, Pakistan, where he spent his final years. He was buried in Peshawar next to the tomb of the Pashto poet Rahman Baba.
Works
Khalili was a prolific writer, producing over the course of his career an eclectic repertoire ranging from poetry to fiction to history to biography. He published 35 volumes of poetry, including his celebrated works "Aškhā wa Ḫūnhā" ("Tears And Blood"), composed during the Soviet occupation, and "Hero of Khorasan". With the exception of a selection of his quatrains[6] and the recent An Assembly of Moths,[7] his poetry remains largely unknown to English-speaking readers.
References
- ^ The Quatrains of Khalilulah Khalili - Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge
- ^ Orient - Von Nah- und Mittelost-Verein, Deutsches Orient-Institut, 1992, published by University of Michigan
- ^ Modern Afghanistan: : A History of Struggle and Survival; from Amin Saikal, Ravan Farhadi, Kirill Nourzhanov; published by I.B.Tauris, 2006
- ^ a b Ehsan, Said (1997) "Ustad Khalilullah Khalili" Lemar-Aftaab (Afghan Magazine) July-September 1997 issue, last accessed 17 January 2009. This article was published by Aftaabzad Publications and is respected as an electronic resources by Columbia University Libraries [1] and Georgetown University Library [2]
- ^ "Khalilullah Khalili Dies at 79; Afghan Poet and Ex-Official" New York Times 14 May 1987, accessed 17 January 2009
- ^ Khalīlī, Khalīl Allāh (1981) Quatrains of Khalilullah Khalili Octagon Press, London, OCLC 11289418
- ^ Khalīlī, Khalīl Allāh (2004) An Assembly of Moths: Selected Poems of Khalilullah Khalili Jayyad Pr., Delhi, OCLC 283802813
External links
- An article by Said Ehsan in the Lamar-Aftaab online magazine
- "Restoring Poetry to Afghanistan" by Steve Coll
- "Bitter Fruit Falling" by Khalilullah Khalili
- "He Is With You Wherever You Are"