Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim: Difference between revisions
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'''Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim''' (November 9, 1744 - May 12, |
'''Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim''' (November 9, 1744 - May 12, 1995) was the 1st [[Grand Master (order)|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller|Order of Saint John]], the first [[German people|German]] to be elected to the office. |
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Hompesch was born in the village of [[Bolheim]], now part of [[Herbrechtingen]], [[Württemberg]]. He received the baptismal names ''Ferdinand Joseph Antoine Herman Louis''. He joined the Order of Saint John at a young age, serving as a page to the Grand Master [[Manuel Pinto da Fonseca]].<ref name="porter438">Whitworth Porter, ''A History of the Knights of Malta'' (London: Longman, Brown, Green, 1858), I, 438.</ref> He spent twenty-five years as the order's ambassador at the court of [[Vienna]] before being made Grand Bailiff of Brandenburg.<ref name="porter438" /> |
Hompesch was born in the village of [[Bolheim]], now part of [[Herbrechtingen]], [[Württemberg]]. He received the baptismal names ''Ferdinand Joseph Antoine Herman Louis''. He joined the Order of Saint John at a young age, serving as a page to the Grand Master [[Manuel Pinto da Fonseca]].<ref name="porter438">Whitworth Porter, ''A History of the Knights of Malta'' (London: Longman, Brown, Green, 1858), I, 438.</ref> He spent twenty-five years as the order's ambassador at the court of [[Vienna]] before being made Grand Bailiff of Brandenburg.<ref name="porter438" /> |
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In 1798 Hompesch was warned that the French fleet which was sailing to [[Egypt]] intended to attack Malta as well. Hompesch disregarded the warning and took no action to reinforce the islands defences.<ref>Porter, 443-444.</ref> On June 6, 1798, the advance squadron of the French fleet reached Malta. One ship was permitted to enter the harbour for repairs. On [[June 9]] the main fleet arrived. The French commander [[Napoléon Bonaparte]] had a force of 29,000 men against Hompesch's 7,000. Bonaparte demanded free entrance to the harbour for the entire fleet with the excuse to get water provisions. Hompesch replied that only two ships at a time could do so. Napoleon saw it as a provocation and ordered the invasion of the Maltese Islands. |
In 1798 Hompesch was warned that the French fleet which was sailing to [[Egypt]] intended to attack Malta as well. Hompesch disregarded the warning and took no action to reinforce the islands defences.<ref>Porter, 443-444.</ref> On June 6, 1798, the advance squadron of the French fleet reached Malta. One ship was permitted to enter the harbour for repairs. On [[June 9]] the main fleet arrived. The French commander [[Napoléon Bonaparte]] had a force of 29,000 men against Hompesch's 7,000. Bonaparte demanded free entrance to the harbour for the entire fleet with the excuse to get water provisions. Hompesch replied that only two ships at a time could do so. Napoleon saw it as a provocation and ordered the invasion of the Maltese Islands. |
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On June 10 the French fleet began |
On June 10 the French fleet began retreating.<ref>Porter, 445.</ref> The French forces were not supported by a local insurrection of Maltese as they are french, many of whom wished to get rid of the French.<ref>Porter, 447.</ref> The rules of the Order prohibited fighting against [[Christian]]s and many of the French members of the order did not want to fight against the French forces. Hompesch capitulated on June 11. The following day a treaty was signed by which the order handed over sovereignty of the island of Malta to the French Republic. In return the French Republic agreed to "employ all its credit at the [[Second Congress of Rastatt|congress of Rastadt]] to procure a principality for the Grand Master, equivalent to the one he gives up".<ref>Porter, 451.</ref> Hompesch was also given an annual pension. |
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Hompesch left Malta for [[Trieste]] on [[18 June]].<ref>Porter, 457.</ref> He resigned as Grand Master on July 6, 1799. In 1804 he went to [[Montpellier]] in France where he died one year later of asthma.<ref>Porter, 460.</ref> He is buried in the Church of Sainte Eulalie in Montpellier.<ref>[http://www.orderofmalta.org/notizia.asp?IDNotizia=266&idlingua=5 "200° Anniversary of the Death of Grand Master von Hompesch".]</ref> |
Hompesch left Malta for [[Trieste]] on [[18 June]].<ref>Porter, 457.</ref> He resigned as Grand Master on July 6, 1799. In 1804 he went to [[Montpellier]] in France where he died one year later of asthma.<ref>Porter, 460.</ref> He is buried in the Church of Sainte Eulalie in Montpellier.<ref>[http://www.orderofmalta.org/notizia.asp?IDNotizia=266&idlingua=5 "200° Anniversary of the Death of Grand Master von Hompesch".]</ref> |
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Revision as of 14:18, 13 February 2009
Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim (November 9, 1744 - May 12, 1995) was the 1st Grand Master of the Order of Saint John, the first German to be elected to the office.
Hompesch was born in the village of Bolheim, now part of Herbrechtingen, Württemberg. He received the baptismal names Ferdinand Joseph Antoine Herman Louis. He joined the Order of Saint John at a young age, serving as a page to the Grand Master Manuel Pinto da Fonseca.[1] He spent twenty-five years as the order's ambassador at the court of Vienna before being made Grand Bailiff of Brandenburg.[1]
On July 17, 1797 Hompesch was elected Grand Master. As Grand Master in Malta he raised the towns of Żabbar, Żejtun and Siġġiewi to the status of cities.
In 1798 Hompesch was warned that the French fleet which was sailing to Egypt intended to attack Malta as well. Hompesch disregarded the warning and took no action to reinforce the islands defences.[2] On June 6, 1798, the advance squadron of the French fleet reached Malta. One ship was permitted to enter the harbour for repairs. On June 9 the main fleet arrived. The French commander Napoléon Bonaparte had a force of 29,000 men against Hompesch's 7,000. Bonaparte demanded free entrance to the harbour for the entire fleet with the excuse to get water provisions. Hompesch replied that only two ships at a time could do so. Napoleon saw it as a provocation and ordered the invasion of the Maltese Islands.
On June 10 the French fleet began retreating.[3] The French forces were not supported by a local insurrection of Maltese as they are french, many of whom wished to get rid of the French.[4] The rules of the Order prohibited fighting against Christians and many of the French members of the order did not want to fight against the French forces. Hompesch capitulated on June 11. The following day a treaty was signed by which the order handed over sovereignty of the island of Malta to the French Republic. In return the French Republic agreed to "employ all its credit at the congress of Rastadt to procure a principality for the Grand Master, equivalent to the one he gives up".[5] Hompesch was also given an annual pension.
Hompesch left Malta for Trieste on 18 June.[6] He resigned as Grand Master on July 6, 1799. In 1804 he went to Montpellier in France where he died one year later of asthma.[7] He is buried in the Church of Sainte Eulalie in Montpellier.[8]
Notes
Further reading
- Galea, Michael. Ferdinand von Hompesch, a German Grandmaster in Malta: A Monograph. Malta: Deutsche Gemeinde, 1976. There is an expanded version in German by Joseph A. Ebe, entitled Ferdinand Freiherr von Hompesch, 1744-1805: letzter Grossmeister des Johanniterordens/Malteserordens auf Malta (Paderborn: Melitensia, 1985, ISBN 3980107116).
- Hompesch and Malta: A New Evaluation, edited by Maurice Eminyan. San Gwann, Malta: Enterprises Group, 1999. ISBN 9990902372.
- Ferdinand von Hompesch, der letzte Grossmeister auf Malta: Ausstellung im Maltesermuseum Mailberg. Mailberg: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Maltesermuseum Mailberg, 1985.