List of pirates

For software and media pirates, see List of warez groups.

This is a list of known pirates, buccaneers, corsairs, privateers, and others involved in piracy and piracy-related activities. This list includes both captains and prominent crew members. For a list of female pirates, see women in piracy.

Ancient World

Sextus Pompeius denarius, minted for his victory over Augustus' fleet. On the obverse the Pharus of Messina, on the reverse monster Scylla, who defeated Augustus.

Name	Life	Years Active	Country of origin	Comments
Anicetus	d. 69		Pontus (Hellenic)	Was the leader of an unsuccessful anti-Roman uprising in Pontus in AD 69.
Demetrius of Pharos	d. 214 BC		Pharos (Hellenic)	His actions precipitated the Second Illyrian War.
Dionysius the Phocaean		494 BC	Greece	Phocaean admiral active against Carthaginian and Tyrsenian merchants in the years following the Greco–Persian Wars.
Genthus of Illyria	First century BC		Illyria	Was accused by the Romans of organizing and aiding pirate raids in Italy.
Glauketas		315–300 BC		Greek inscriptions of the Athenian navy raiding his base on Kynthnos Island and capturing he and his men "making the sea safe for those that sailed thereon."
Sextus Pompeius	d. 35 BC		Rome	He was the last focus of opposition to the Second Triumvirate.

| Gan Ning | 175–218 | 190–197 | China | His party carried bells as their trademark causing the commoners to be afraid when they heard the bells. |- valign="top"

Middle Ages

Aruj, or Oruç, Reis was a Turkish privateer and later Admiral in Ottoman service who became known as Barbarossa – or Redbeard – amongst Christians.

Awilda was a 5^th century pirate who, along with friends, dressed up as sailors and commandeered a ship.

Name	Life	Years Active	Country of origin	Comments
Giorgio Adorno	d. 1558		Malta	Knight of Malta active in the Mediterranean. Originally from Naples, he was elected "Captain-General of the Galleys" in 1547, 1549, 1557 and 1558.
James Alday	1516–1576	1540s	England	An English privateer. Raided Spanish ports with James Logan and William Cooke.
William Aleyn	fl. 1448	1440s	England	English pirate active in the Thames and English Channel. Associate of William Kyd.
Richard Allen	d. 1572		England
Jean Ango	1480–1551		France	A French ship-owner who provided ships to Francis I for exploration of the globe.
Aruj	1474–1518	1503–1518	Ottoman Empire	An Ottoman privateer and Bey (Governor) of Algiers and Beylerbey (Chief Governor) of the West Mediterranean.
Awilda	5th century		Scandinavia	She and some of her female friends dressed like sailors and commandeered a ship.
Hayreddin Barbarossa	1478–1546	1504–1545	Ottoman Empire	An Ottoman privateer and later Admiral who dominated the Mediterranean for decades.
Baldassare Cossa (Antipope John XXIII)	1370–1415		Procida	Antipope during the Western Schism, John XXIII was accused of—among other crimes—piracy, incest and sodomy.
Pier Gerlofs Donia	1480–1520		Germany (Frisia)	a Frisian warrior, pirate, freedom fighter, folk hero and rebel.
Eric of Pomerania	1382–1459		Germany (Pomerania)	The first king of the Nordic Kalmar Union, he spent his last years living on the island of Gothland and "sent forth piratical expeditions against friend and foe alike".
Eustace the Monk	c. 1170–1217		France	He was a mercenary for both England and France.
Alv Erlingsson	d. 1290		Norway	He was a favorite of the Queen, yet committed countless acts of piracy throughout his life
Jean Fleury (Florin)	fl. 1523	1520s	France	French privateer and naval officer under Jean Ango. Seized three Spanish ships carrying Aztec treasure from Mexico to Spain in 1523.
Magnus Heinason	1545–1589		Faroe Islands	Faroese naval hero and privateer. Was executed for piracy, though charges were later dropped.
Klein Henszlein	d. 1573	to 1573	Germany	A 16th century pirate who raided shipping in the North Sea until his defeat and capture by a fleet from Hamburg
Wijerd Jelckama	1490–1523		Germany (Frisia)	The nephew of Pier Gerlofs Donia (also known as Grutte Pier), fought along his side against the Saxon and Hollandic invaders.
William Kyd	fl. 1430–1453	1430s–1450s	England	English pirate active in Southeast England during the early to-mid 15th century.
Gödeke Michels	d. 1402	to 1402	Germany	A German pirate and one of the leaders of the Likedeeler, a combination of former Vitalienbrüder
Didrik Pining	c.1430–1491		Denmark-Norway	A pirate and privateer operating in the North Sea. Often partnered with Hans Pothorst.
Hans Pothorst	c.1440–1490		Denmark-Norway	A pirate and privateer operating in the North Sea. Often partnered with Didrik Pining.
Salih Reis	1488–1568		Ottoman Empire	A Turkish privateer and Ottoman admiral.
Turgut Reis	1485–1565		Ottoman Empire	A Turkish privateer and Ottoman admiral as well as Bey of Algiers; Beylerbey of the Mediterranean; and first Bey later Pasha of Tripoli.
Klaus Störtebeker	1360–1401		Germany	He was a leader of the Victual Brothers.
Kristoffer Trondson (Rustung)	c.1500–1565	c.1535–1542	Norway	A Norwegian nobleman-turned pirate and privateer. Operated in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Gave up piracy in 1542 and eventually became admiral of the Danish Fleet.
Hennig Wichmann	1370–1402	149?–1402	Germany (Frisia)	One of the leaders of the Likedeeler, an association of former Victual Brothers.
Cord Widderich	d. 1447	1404–1447	Germany	A pirate active during political conflicts between Dithmarschen and North Frisia in the early fifteenth century.
Magister Wigbold	1365–1402	1392–1402	Germany	Often described as the brains behind the Victual Brothers.
Wimund	b. 1147		England	He was a bishop who became a sea-faring war-lord adventurer.

Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Corsairs: 1560-1650

The first man to intentionally circumnavigate the globe, Thomas Cavendish also raided numerous Spanish towns and ships in the New World.

File:Kilic Ali Pasha.jpg

Uluj Ali was an Italian-born Muslim corsair, who later became an Ottoman admiral and Chief Admiral (Kaptan-ı Derya) of the Ottoman Fleet in the 16th century.

Known as "el Draque" (the Dragon), Sir Francis Drake was considered a hero in England, but little more than a pirate in Spain.

After serving as a Spanish galley slave for four years, Piet Hein later captured 11,509,524 guilders of cargo from the Spanish treasure fleet.

Grace O'Malley (left of frame) was an important figure in Irish legend who is still recognised in popular culture today.

Name	Life	Years Active	Country of origin	Comments
Nicholas Alvel	early 17th century	1603	England	Active in the Ionian Sea.
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés	1519-1574	1565	Spanish	A Spanish Admiral and pirate hunter, de Aviles is remembered for his destruction of the French settlement of Fort Caroline in 1565.
Samuel Axe	early 17th century	1629-1645	England	An English privateer in Dutch service, Axe served with English forces in the Dutch Revolt against Habsburg rule.
Sir Andrew Barton	1466-1511	to 1511	Scotland	Served under a Scottish letter of marque, but was described a pirate by English and Portuguese.
Abraham Blauvelt	d. 1663	1640-1663	Netherlands	One of the last Dutch corsairs of the mid-17th century, Blauvelt mapped much of South America.
Nathaniel Butler	b. 1578	1639	England	Despite a comparatively unsuccessful career as a privateer, Butler was later colonial governor of Bermuda.
Jan de Bouff	early 17th century	1602	Netherlands	de Bouff served as a Dunkirker in Habsburg service during the Dutch Revolt.
John Callis (Calles)	c. 1558-1587?	c. 1574-1587	England	Welsh pirate active along the southern coast of Wales.
Hendrik (Enrique) Brower	1581-1643	1600, 1643	Netherlands	Brouwer was a privateer who fought the Habsburgs during the Dutch revolt, holding the city of Castro, Chile hostage for a period of two months.
Thomas Cavendish	1560-1592	1587-1592	England	The first man to intentionally circumnavigate the globe, Cavendish also raided numerous Spanish towns and ships in the New World.
Matsuura Takanobu	1529-1599		Japan	One of the most powerful feudal lords of Kyūshū and one of the first lords to allow trading with Europeans
Zheng Zhilong (Cheng Chih Lung)	1604-1662	1623-1645	China	A convert to Christianity, Zhilon collaborated with Dutch forces, helping to create a monopoly on trade with Japan.
Zheng Jing (Cheng Chin)	1643-1682	1662-1682	China	Chinese pirate and warlord. The eldest son of Koxinga and grandson of Zheng Zhilong, he succeeded his father as ruler of Tainan and briefly occupied Fukien.
Wang Zhi	16th century	1551-1555	China	One of the chief figures amongst the wokou of the 16th century.
Francois le Clerc (Jambe de Bois)	16th century	1650s-1660s	France	Known for his sacking of Santiago de Cuba in 1554
Jacob Collaart	17th century	1625-1635	Netherlands	A Flemish admiral who served as privateer and one of the Dunkirkers in Spanish Habsburg service during the Dutch Revolt, responsible for the destruction of at least 150 fishing boats.
Claes Compaan	1587-1660	1621-1627	Netherlands	Former Dutch corsair and privateer, he later became a pirate and was successful in capturing hundreds of ships in Europe, the Barbary coast and West Africa.
Baltazar de Cordes	d.1601?	1598-1601	Netherlands	A Dutch corsair who fought against the Spanish during the early 17th Century.
Simon (Zyman) the Dancer	fl. 1606-1609	1600s	Netherlands	One of the leading Barbary corsairs, was based in Algiers and Tunis during the early 17th century.
Simon Danziker	d. 1611	1600s-1610s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair and privateer who later became a Barbary corsair. He and John Ward dominated the Western Mediterranean during the early 17th century.
De Veenboer	d. 1620	1600s-1610s	Netherlands	Former Dutch corsair and privateer. Later became a Barbary corsair under Simon the Dancer and eventually commanded the Algiers corsair fleet.
Uluj Ali (Giovanni Dionigi)	1519-1587	1536-1550	Turkey	An Italian-born Muslim corsair, who later became an Ottoman admiral and Chief Admiral (Kaptan-ı Derya) of the Ottoman Fleet in the 16th century.
Sir Francis Drake	1540-1596	1563-1596	England	Known as "el Draque" (the Dragon), he was considered a hero in England, but little more than a pirate in Spain.
Peter Easton	1570-1619	1602	England	A privateer, then pirate, who was able to retire in Villefranche, Savoy with an estimated worth of two million pounds.
Daniel Elfrith	1607-1640		England	English privateer and slave trader in the West Indies.
Jan Evertsen		1630s	Netherlands	Dutch admiral and corsair.
Juan Garcia	fl. 1622	1620s	Spain	One of the Spanish privateers who accompanied Jan Jacobsen on his last voyage in 1622.
Sir Michael Geare	c. 1565-?	c. 1584-1603	England	Elizabethan Sea Dog active in the West Indies up until the turn of the 17th century.
Sir John Hawkins	1532-1595	1554, 1564, 1567	England	A some-time pirate, his work in ship design was important during the threat of invasion from the Spanish Armada.
Piet Hein	1577-1629	1628	Netherlands	After serving as a Spanish galley slave for four years, Hein later captured 11,509,524 guilders of cargo from the Spanish treasure fleet.
Pieter Adriaanszoon Ita	fl. 1628-1630	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair and privateer. Commanded one of the earliest and largest expeditions against the Portugal and Spain in the Caribbean during 1628.
Jan Jacobsen	d. 1622	1610s-1620s	Netherlands	Flemish-born privateer in English service during the Eighty Years' War.
Willem Jacobszoon	fl. 1624-1625	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair who accompanied Pieter Schouten on one of the first major expeditions to the West Indies.
Jan Janz (Murad Rais)	c. 1570-c. 1641	1590s-1640s	Netherlands	Dutch privateer taken captive by Barbary corsairs and later became one himself.
Willem Jansen	fl. 1600	1600s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair based in Duinkerken and one time officer under Jacques Colaert.
Cornelius Jol	1597-1641	1630s-1640s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair successful against the Spanish in the West Indies. One of the first to use a wooden peg leg.
Sir James Lancaster	1554-1618	1591-1603	England	Elizabethan Sea Dog active in India during the late 16th century. Later a chief director for the East India Company.
Guillaume Le Testu	1509-1573	1560s-1570s	France	French privateer, explorer and cartographer. First navigator to chart Australia in 1531.
Hendrick Jacobszoon Lucifer	1583-1627	1627	Netherlands	Hendrick captured 1.2 million guilders from a Honduran treasure fleet, but was mortally wounded in the process.
Sir Henry Mainwaring	1587-1653	1610-1616	England	English privateer and pirate hunter. His pirate fleet nearly broke the truce between England and Spain following the Anglo-Spanish War.
Olivier van Noort	1558-1627	1598-1601	Netherlands	Despite his venture being of limited success, it was the inspiration that led to the formation of the Dutch East India Company.
John Nutt		1620-1623	England	An English pirate active in Newfoundland.
Grace O'Malley (Grania Ni Mhaille)	1530-1603	1560s-1600s	Ireland	An important figure in Irish legend who is still present in popular culture today.
John Oxenham	1536-1580	1570s-1600s	England	Elizabethan Sea Dog and associate of Sir Frances Drake during the early years of the Anglo-Spanish War. First English privateer to enter the Pacific though Panama.
William Parker	1587-1617	1590s-1570s	England	Elizabethan Sea Dog active in the West Indies. Successfully attacked Porto Bello in 1602 without firing a shot.
Pedro de la Plesa	fl. 1622	1620s	Spanish	He and Juan Garcia who joined Jan Jacobsen on his final voyage in 1622.
Murat Reis the Elder	1506-1608	1534-1608	Rhodes	A Turkish privateer and Ottoman admiral who took part in all of the early naval campaigns of Turgut Reis.
Assan Reis (Jan Marinus van Sommelsdijk)	fl. 1626	1620s	Netherlands	Former Dutch privateer turned Barbary corsair. He attacked the Dutch ship St. Jan Babtista under Jacob Jacobsen of Ilpendam on March 7, 1626.
James Riskinner (Reiskimmer)	17th century	1630s	England	A lieutenant on the ship Warwick, then part of a fleet under the command of Nathaniel Butler, he later took part in a privateering expedition between May-September 1639.
Isaac Rochussen	1631-1710	1660s-1670s	Netherlands	A Dutch corsair active against the English during the Second and Third Anglo-Dutch War. His capture of The Falcon, an East India merchantman, was one of the most valuable prizes captured during the late-17th century.
Mahieu Romboutsen	fl. 1636	1630s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair in the service of Spain. Was part of a three ship squadron under Jacques Colaert and was captured with him after a five hour battle with Jan Evertsen.
William Rous	fl. 1636-1645	1630s-1640s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair and privateer based on Providence Island. He was involved in privateering expeditions for the Providence Island Company and later commander of Fort Henry.
Jan van Ryen	d. 1627	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair active in the West Indies. Reportedly killed with a number of colonists attempting to establish one of the first colonies on the Wiapoco in Dutch Guiana.
Pieter Schouten	fl. 1624-1625	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair who led one of the Dutch expeditions to the West Indies.
Jacques de Sores	16th century	1555	France	A French pirate whose sole documented act was his attack and burning of Havana in 1555.
Dirck Simonszoon van Uitgeest	fl. 1628-1629	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair who commanded a WIC expedition to Brazil bringing back over 12 Portuguese and Spanish prizes.
Sir Thomas Verney	1584-1615	1600s-1610s	England	English nobleman who left behind his inheritance to become a Barbary corsair.
Johannes van Walbeeck	fl. 1634	1620s-1630s	Netherlands	Dutch admiral and corsair. Captured Curacao in 1634 and later served as governor.
John Ward	1552-1622	1603-1610s	England	A notorious English pirate around the turn of the 17th century who later became a Barbary Corsair operating out of Tunis during the early 1600s.
Cornelis Wittebol	fl. 1622	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair in Spanish service. In February 1622, attacked a fishing fleet from the Veere and Maasmond sinking several ships and bringing back the survivors to ransom in Duinkerken.
Jacob Willekens	1571-1633	1590s-1630s	Netherlands	Dutch admiral who led Dutch corsairs on the first major privateering expedition to the West Indies.
Hendrik Worst	fl. 1624	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair who accompanied Pieter Schouten in his expedition to the West Indies.
Filips van Zuylen	fl. 1624	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair active against the Portuguese in West Africa. Failed to capture Loanda in early 1624.

Age of the Buccaneers: 1650-1690

Although Jean Bart was born the son of a fisherman, he was able to retire as an Admiral in French service on the strength of his captures during his time as a privateer.

William Dampier was the first Englishman to explore or map parts of New Holland (Australia) and New Guinea, and was also the first person to circumnavigate the world three times.

Known only for a single attack against a Spanish galleon (pictured), Pierre le Grand's existence is disputed.

Henry Morgan was a privateer (and pirate) who later retired to become Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica.

François l'Ollonais was nicknamed "Flail of the Spaniards" and had a reputation for brutality – offering no quarter to Spanish prisoners.

File:Rockbrasiliano.gif

Roche Braziliano had a reputation for violence, and once roasted two Spanish farmers when they refused to hand over their pigs.

Name	Life	Years Active	Country of origin	Comments
Vincenzo Allesandri	d. 1657		Italy	Originally a Knight of Malta, Allesandri was captured and enslaved.
Michiel Andrieszoon	17th century	1680s	Netherlands	Dutch merchant-pirate. Associated with Thomas Paine and Laurens de Graff.
John Ansell	d. 1689		England	Sailed with Henry Morgan and participated in his raids against Maracaibo and Gibraltar, Venezuela.
Captain Archembeau (Archembo)	d. 1681	1670s-1680s	France	French buccaneer active in the Caribbean.
Jean Bart	1651-1702	1672-1697	France	Born the son of a fisherman, Bart retired an Admiral in French service.
Philippe Bequel	17th century	1650-1669	France	Was one of the first foreign privateers awarded a letter of marque by the governor of Jamaica
Jacob Janssen van den Bergh	fl. 1660	1650s-1660s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair and slave trader for the Dutch West India Company.
Lancelot Blackburne	1653-1743	1680-1684	England	Blackburne was an English clergyman, who became Archbishop of York, and – in popular belief – a pirate.
Edwardo Blomar	d. 1679	1670s	Spain	Spanish renegade active in the Spanish Main during the 1670s. Tried in absentia and convicted of piracy with Bartolomé Charpes and Juan Guartem in Panama in 1679.
Pierre Bot	17th century	1680s	France	French buccaneer active in the Caribbean.
Manuel Butiens	fl. 1645	1640s	Netherlands	Dutch renegade and Dunkirker in the service of Spain.
Bartolomé Charpes	d. 1679	1680s	Spain	Spanish renegade who was tried in absentia and convicted of piracy with Edwardo Blomar and Juan Guartem in Panama by Governor Don Dionicio Alceda in 1679.
Edward Collier	17th century	1668-1671	England	Served as Sir Henry Morgan's second-in-command throughout much of his expeditions against Spain during the mid-17th century.
John Cooke (Cook)	d. 1683	1680s	England	English buccaneer who led an expedition against the Spanish in the early 1680s.
John Coxon	d. 1689	1677-1682	England	One of the most famous of the Brethren of the Coast, a loose consortium of pirates and privateers who were active on the Spanish Main.
William Dampier	1651-1715	1670-1688	England	Was the first person to circumnavigate the world three times.
Edward Davis	17th century	1680-1688	England	Led the last major buccaneer raid against Panama.
John Davis (Robert Searle)	17th century		England	Davis was one of the earliest and most active buccaneers on Jamaica.
Jacquotte Delahaye	17th century	1660s	France	Delahaye was a French Buccaneer, and together with Anne Dieu-Le-Veut was one of very few female buccaneers.
Anne Dieu-Le-Veut	b. 1650	1650-1704	France	Was originally one of the women – "Filles de Roi" – sent by the French government to Tortuga to become wives to the local male colonists.
Charlotte de Berry	17th century	1660s	England	A female pirate, she later commanded her own ship.
Cornelius Essex	d. 1680	1670s	England	An English buccaneer who took part in Captain Bartholomew Sharp's privateering expedition, the "Pacific Adventure", during the late 1670s.
Laurens de Graaf	1653-1704	1672-1697	Netherlands	Characterised as "a great and mischievous pirate" by Henry Morgan, de Graaf was a Dutch pirate, mercenary, and naval officer in the service of the French colony of Saint-Domingue.
Michel de Grammont	1645-1686	1670-1686	France	A French buccaneer, de Grammont primarily attacked Spanish holdings in Venezuela.
Jean du Casse	1646-1715	168?-1697	France	Born to Huguenot parents, du Casse was allowed to join the French navy on the value of his prizes taken while a buccaneer.
Alexandre Exquemelin	1645-1707	1669-1674 1697	France	A French writer, most known as the author of one of the most important sourcebooks of seventeenth century piracy, De Americaensche Zee-Roovers.
Jean Foccard	17th century	1680s	France	Associate of Laurens de Graaf and Michel de Grammont. He later joined them in their attack on Tampico in 1682.
"Red Legs" Greaves	17th Century		Scotland/Ireland	Greaves's nickname was based on a commonly used term for reddened legs often seen among the Scottish and Irish who took to wearing kilts in almost any weather.
Juan Guartem	17th Century	1670s	Spain	A Spanish renegade pirate who raided Spanish settlements in New Spain during the late 17th century with his most notable raid being against Chepo in 1679.
Peter Harris	d. 1680	1670s	England	English buccaneer and member of Captain Bartholomew Sharp's "Pacific Expedition". Killed at Panama in 1680.
Jean Hamlin (Hamilton)	17th century	1680s	Anglo-French	French buccaneer active in the Caribbean. Later hunted down by Captain John Coxon.
Richard Hawkins	1562-1622	1593-1594	England	A buccaneer and explorer who was later knighted.
George Hout (d'Hout)	fl. 1687	1680s	England	English buccaneer who joined Francois Grogniet and Pierre le Picard in their raid on Guayaquil in 1687.
William Jackson	17th century	1639-1645	England	It was the fleet under his command that captured Jamaica for England.
Bartholomeus de Jager	fl. 1655	1650s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair active against the Portuguese. He attacked a small merchant fleet at Fernando Noronha capturing one merchant ship and driving off the other.
Daniel Johnson	1629-1675	1657-1675	England	Became known as "Johnson the Terror" amongst the Spanish.
William Knight	17th century	1684-1686	England	Along with Edward Davis, he took part in the final large buccaneer attack on Spanish holdings.
Pierre Le Grand	17th century		France	Known only for a single attack against a Spanish galleon, his existence is disputed.
Captain Lessone	17th century		France	French buccaneer who sailed with John Coxon during the early 1680s.
Thomas Magott (Mackett)	17th century	1680s	England	English buccaneer who sailed with Bartholomew Sharp and others on the "Pacific Adventure".
Edward Mansvelt (Mansfield)	d. 1666	1650s-1660s	Curacao	Dutch buccaneer in English service. Known as the Admiral of the "Brethren of the Coast", Mansvelt was a mentor to Sir Henry Morgan who succeeded him following his death.
Marquis de Maintenon	1648-1691	1672-1676	France	A French nobleman who became a buccaneer in the Caribbean, selling his castle and title to Madame de Maintenon
David Marteen	17th century	1663-1665	Netherlands	Known primarily as the sole non-English Captain who participated in the raids against Spanish strongholds in present-day Mexico and Nicaragua.
Daniel Montbars (Exterminator)	1645-1701?	1660s-1670s	France	A former French naval officer and gentleman adventurer, he engaged in a violent and destructive war against Spain in the Caribbean and the Spanish Main. His hatred of the Spanish earned him the name "Montbars the Exterminator".
Sir Henry Morgan	1635-1688	1663-1674	Wales	A privateer (and pirate) who later retired to become Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica.
John Morris	17th century	1663-1672	England	A skilled pilot, he served with both Christopher Myngs and Henry Morgan before becoming a pirate hunter.
Sir Christopher Myngs	1625-1666	1650s-1660s	England	Described as "unhinged and out of tune" by the governor of Jamaica, Myngs nevertheless became a Vice-Admiral of the Blue in the Royal Navy.
François l'Ollonais (Jean-David Nau)	1635-1668	1660-1668	France	Nicknamed "Flail of the Spaniards", l'Ollonais had a reputation for brutality, offering no quarter to Spanish prisoners.
Pierre Le Picard	fl. 1666-1690	1660s-1690s	France	An officer under l'Ollonais, he and Moise Vauquelin left to pursue a career on their own. He later served in King William's War.
Chevalier du Plessis	d. 1668	1660s	France	French privateer active in the West Indies. He was succeeded by Moise Vauquelin following his death.
Baron Jean de Pointis	1635-1707	1690s	France	His greatest venture was the 1697 Raid of Cartagena.
Thomas Pound	d. 1703	1689	England	Briefly commanded a small ship near Massachusetts before being captured.
Bartolomeo Português	b. 1630	1666-1669	Portugal	One of the earliest pirates to use a pirate code.
Lawrence Prince	fl. 1659-1672	1650s-1670s	Netherlands	Dutch buccaneer in English service. An officer under Sir Henry Morgan, he and John Morris led the vanguard at Panama in 1671.
Roche Braziliano	17th century	1654-1671	Netherlands	Roasted two Spanish farmers alive when they refused to hand over their pigs.
Philip Ras	fl. 1652-1655	1650s	Netherlands	Captured several English ships as both a corsair and privateer during the First Anglo-Dutch War.
Thomas Paine	17th century	1680s	England	A colonial American privateer who raided several settlements in the West Indies with Jan Willems, most notably against Rio de la Hacha in 1680. He also drove the French from Block Island.
Manuel Rivero Pardel	d. 1671	1668-1671	Portugal	Portuguese privateer in the service of Spain. One of the few successful privateers active against the buccaneers of the Caribbean during the late 17th century.
Stenka Razin	1630-1671		Russia	A Cossack pirate who operated on the Volga and later expanded into the Caspian Sea.
Richard Sawkins	d. 1680	1679-1680	England	Participated, along with John Coxon and Bartholomew Sharp, in the surprise attack on Santa Maria
Lewis Scot	fl. 1663	1660s	England	Known for his attack on the city of Campeche, on the Yucatan Peninsula.
Bartholomew Sharp	1650-1690	1679-1682	England	Plundered 25 Spanish ships and numerous small towns.
Gustav Skytte	1637-1663	1657-1663	Sweden	Attacked ships in the Baltic Sea, along with other accomplices of noble descent.
Bernard Claesen Speirdyke	fl. 1663-1670	1660s-1670s	Netherlands	Dutch buccaneer active in the Caribbean, he was captured by Captain Manuel Rivero Pardel near Cuba and later executed.
Charles Swan	17th century		England	A reluctant pirate, he begged for a pirate even as he looted his way around South America.
Jacques Tavernier (Le Lyonnais)	1625-1673	1664-1673	France	French buccaneer who took part in expeditions with Laurens de Graaf, Michel de Grammont, Pierre Le Grand, François l'Ollonais and Sir Henry Morgan before his execution in 1673. His existence is disputed as the only pre-twentieth century reference to him appears in Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography.
Nicholas (Nikolaas) van Hoorn	1635-1683	1663-1683	Netherlands	Merchant, privateer and later pirate, van Hoorn was hugely successful before dying of wound infection.
Cornelis Janszoon van de Velde	fl. 1655	1650s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair active near the Antillen, he was briefly associated with Bartholomeus de Jager.
Moise Vauquelin (Moses Vanclein)	fl. 1650-1672	1650s-1670s	France	An officer under l'Ollonais, he also had a partnership with Pierre le Picard. In his later years, he wrote a book detailing the coastline of Honduras and the Yucatan along with fellow buccaneer Philippe Bequel.
Lionel Wafer	1640-1705	1679-1688	Wales	An explorer whose work helped inspire the Darien Scheme.
Yankey (Janke) Willems	fl. 1681-1687	1680s	Netherlands	Dutch buccaneer active in the Caribbean.
William Wright	17th century	1675-1682	England	Despite being English, Wright was active as a privateer under a French commission. He later became a buccaneer.

Golden Age of Piracy: 1690-1730

The most successful pirate of the Golden Age of Piracy, Black Bart was estimated to have captured more than 470 vessels.

With his fearsome appearance, Blackbeard is often credited with the creation of the stereotypical image of a pirate.

File:Bonny, Anne.JPG

Despite never commanding a ship herself, Anne Bonny is remembered as one of few female historical pirates.

Henry Every (or Avery) is famous as one of the few pirates of the era who was able to retire with his takings without being either arrested or killed in battle.

Although modern historians dispute the legitimacy of his trial and execution, the rumour of Captain Kidd's buried treasure has served only to build a legend around the man as a great pirate.

File:Olivier levasseur.jpg

Nicknamed "la Buse" (the Buzzard) for the speed with which he attacked his targets, Olivier Levasseur left behind a cryptic message that has yet to be deciphered fully today.

Name	Life	Years Active	Country of origin	Comments
Thomas Anstis	d. 1723	1718-1723	England	Was mainly active in the Caribbean, and served under first Howell Davis and later Bartholomew Roberts.
Bartholomew Roberts (Black Bart)	1682-1722	1719-1722	Wales	The most successful pirate of the Golden Age of Piracy, estimated to have captured more than 470 vessels.
George Booth	d. 1700	1696-1700	England	One of the earliest pirates active in the Indian Ocean and Red Sea.
John Bowen	d. 1704	1700-1704	Bermuda	Was active in the Indian Ocean, his contemporaries included George Booth and Nathaniel North.
Samuel Bellamy (Black Sam)	1689-1717	1716-1717	England	Despite having a career of less than year, Bellamy was very successful, capturing more than 50 ships before his death.
Blackbeard (Edward Teach)	1680-1718	1712-1718	England	With his fearsome appearance, Blackbeard is often credited with the creation of the stereotypical image of a pirate.
Black Caesar	d. 1718	1700s-1718	Africa	A captured slave turned pirate, Black Caesar was a well-known pirate active off the Florida Keys during the early 18th century. He later acted as a lieutenant to Blackbeard and was one of five Africans serving on his flagship.
Stede Bonnet	1688-1718	1717-1718	Barbados	Nicknamed "The Gentleman Pirate", Bonnet was born into a wealthy family before turning to piracy.
Anne Bonny	1698-1782	to 1725	Ireland	Despite never commanding a ship herself, Anne Bonny is remembered as one of few female historical pirates.
Nicholas Brown	d. 1726	to 1726	England	Active off the cost of Jamaica, Brown was eventually killed – and his head pickled – by childhood friend John Drudge.
Dirk Chivers	early 18th century	1694-1699	Netherlands	Active in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, Chivers later retired from piracy and returned to the Netherlands.
Thomas Cocklyn	early 18th century	1717 to death	England	Primarily known for his association with Howell Davis and Oliver La Buze, Cocklyn's activities after 1719 are unknown.
Christopher Condent	d. 1770	1718-1720	England	After entering into piracy in 1718, Condent later took a prize of £150,000 and retired to France, becoming a wealthy merchant.
William Condon	d. 1721	to 1721	England	Captaining the Fiery Dragon, Condon was killed when she caught fire and sank.
Robert Culliford	early 18th century	1690-1698	England	The former first mate of William Kidd, Culliford led a first mutiny against Kidd, stealing his ship Blessed William.
Alexander Dalzeel	1662-1715	1685-1715	Scotland	Served under Henry Every. Was captured four times before finally being hanged.
Howell Davis	1690-1719	1718-1719	Wales	Having a career that lasted only 11 months, Davis was ambushed during an attempt to kidnap the governor of Príncipe.
Edward England	1690-1720	1717-1720	Ireland	Differing from many other pirates of his day, England did not kill captives unless necessary.
John Evans	d. 1723	1722-1723	Wales	After an unsuccessful career as a legitimate sailor, Evans turned to piracy – initially raiding houses from a small canoe.
Henry Every (Avery)	b. 1653	1695-1696	England	Famous as one of the few pirates of the era who was able to retire with his takings without being either arrested or killed in battle.
John Fenn	d. 1723	to 1723	England	Sailed with Bartholomew Roberts and, later, Thomas Anstis.
William Fly	d. 1726	to 1726	England	Raided off the New England coast before being captured and hanged at Boston, Massachusetts.
Ingela Gathenhielm	1692-1729	1718-1721	Sweden	Widow of Lars Gathenhielm, active on the Baltic Sea.
Lars Gathenhielm	1689-1718	1710-1718	Sweden	Active on the Baltic Sea
Charles Harris	d. 1723	to 1723	England	Joining the Barbary corsairs, Harris converted to Islam before being captured and later hanged.
John Halsey	d. 1708	1705-1708	Colonial America	Active in the Atlantic and Indian oceans, Halsey is remembered by Defoe as "brave in his Person, courteous to all his Prisoners, lived beloved, and died regretted by his own People."
Miguel Henríquez	b. 1680	early 18th century	Puerto Rico	Although born a shoemaker, Henríquez was later awarded a letter of marque by Spain for his actions against the British.
Benjamin Hornigold	d. 1719	1717-1719	England	Known for being less aggressive than other pirates, Hornigold once captured a ship for the sole purpose of seizing the crew's hats.
Thomas Howard	early 18th century	1698-1703	England	Howard served under both George Booth and John Bowen and later commanded the Prosperous.
"Calico Jack" John Rackham	1682-1720	to 1720	England	Earned his nickname for the colourful calico clothes that he wore.
Henry Jennings	d. 1745	1715	England	Although later governor of the pirate haven of New Providence, Jennings only carried two pirate acts – gaining an estimated 410,000 pesos.
John Julian	d. 1733	1716-1717	Miskito origins	Recorded as the first black pirate to operate in the New World.
James Kelly (James Gilliam)	d. 1701	to 1699	England	Active in the Indian Ocean, Kelly was a long-time associate of William Kidd.
William "Captain" Kidd	1645-1701	1695-1699	Scotland	Although modern historians dispute the legitimacy of his trial and execution, the rumour of Captain Kidd's buried treasure has served only to build a legend around the man as a great pirate.
Olivier Levasseur (Oliver La Buse)	1680-1730	1716-1730	France	Nicknamed "la Buse" (the Buzzard) for the speed with which he attacked his targets, Levasseur left behind a cryptic message that has yet to be deciphered fully today.
Edward "Ned" Low	1690-1724	1721-1724	England	A pirate known for his vicious tortures, his methods were described as having "done credit to the ingenuity of the Spanish Inquisition in its darkest days".
George Lowther	d. 1723	to 1723	England	Active in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, one of Lowther's lieutenants included Edward Low.
Christopher Moody	d. 1718	1713-1718	England	Active off North and South Carolina, Moody offered no quarter to captured crews, signified by his flying of a red standard.
Nathaniel North	b. 1672	1689-1704 1707-1709	Bermuda	Active in the Indian Ocean and Red Sea, North served with other famous contemporaries, including John Bowen and George Booth.
William Phillips	d. 1724		England	Phillips had his leg amputated by a John Phillips after being shot.
James Plantain	early 18th century		Denmark	Plaintan ruled the island of Madagascar between 1725 and 1728, primarily through fear, and was known as the "King of Ranter Bay".
John Quelch	1666-1704	1703-1704	England	Quelch was the first person tried for piracy outside England under Admiralty Law and therefore without a jury.
Mary Read	1690-1721	to 1720	England	Along with Anne Bonny, one of few female historical pirates. When captured, Bonny escaped hanging by claiming she was pregnant, but died soon after of a fever while still in prison.
Woodes Rogers	1679-1732	1709-1710	England	Played a major role in the suppression of pirates in the Caribbean.
Francis Spriggs	d. 1725	to 1725	England	Along with George Lowther and Edward Low, Spriggs was primarily active in the Bay of Honduras during the early 1720s.
John Taylor	early 18th century		England	At Reunion Island, Taylor is reputed to have captured the most valuable prize in pirate history.
Thomas Tew	d. 1695	1692-1695	England	Despite only going on two pirate voyages, Tew pioneered a route later known as the Pirate Round.
Charles Vane	1680-1720	1716-1720	England	Disliked due to his cruelty, Vane showed little respect for the pirate code, cheating his crew out of their shares in the takings.
Richard Worley	d. 1719	to 1719	England	Credited as one of the first pirates to fly the skull and crossbones pirate flag.
Emanuel Wynn	early 18th century		France	Was the first pirate to fly the Jolly Roger. His design, however, also incorporate an hourglass below the skull.

Decline of Piracy: 1730-1900

Roberto Cofresi was Puerto Rico's most famous pirate and was regarded by many as the Puerto Rican equivalent of Robin Hood.

Name	Life	Years Active	Country of origin	Comments
Tuanku Abbas	early 19th century	to 1844	Malaysia	The brother of a rajah of Achin, known for his sponsoring and leading of pirate raids.
Mansel Alcantra (Alcantara)	fl. 1829	1820s	Spain	In 1829, he captured the Topaz off St. Helena and had the entire crew murdered.
Joseph Baker	d. 1800	1800	Canada	The single piratical action of his career consisted of an unsuccessful attempt to commandeer the sloop Eliza.
Eric Cobham and Maria Lindsey	1700-1760	1720s-1740s	England	Cobham and his wife, Maria, were primarily active in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during the
Hippolyte de Bouchard	1780-1843	1817-1819	Argentina	A French and Argentine sailor who fought for Argentina, Chile and Peru.
Henri Caesar	early 18th century	1805-1830	Haiti	Haitian pirate active in the Caribbean during the early 18th century.
Roberto Cofresí	1791-1825	to 1825	Puerto Rico	Puerto Rico's most famous pirate, regarded by many as the Puerto Rican equivalent of Robin Hood.
Diabolito (Little Devil)	d. 1823		Cuba	Cuban-born pirate active in the Caribbean during the early 19th century. He was one of the first pirates to be hunted down by Commodore David Porter and the Mosquito Fleet during the early 1820s.
Hezekiah Frith	Early 19th century	1790s-1800s	Bermuda	British ship owner and smuggler known as Bermuda's "gentleman privateer". Alleged to have used his business as a cover to withhold cargo sized in privateering expeditions and amass a small fortune.
Vincent Gambi	d. 1820		Italy	A pirate based out of New Orleans, he was an associate of Jean Lafitte.
José Gaspar (Gasparilla)	1756-1821	1783-1821	Spain	Though a popular figure in Florida folklore, there is no pre-twentieth century evidence of his existence.
Charles Gibbs	1798-1831	1816-1831	United States of America	One of the last pirates active in the Caribbean, and one of the last people executed for piracy by the United States.
"Don" Pedro Gilbert	1800-1834	1832-1834	Colombia	Took part in the last recorded incident of piracy in Atlantic waters.
Nathaniel Gordon	1834-1862	1860	United States of America	The first and only American slave trader to be tried, convicted, and executed "for being engaged in the Slave Trade" in accordance with the Piracy Law of 1820.
Catherine Hagerty and Charlotte Badger	early 19th century	1806	England	Australian convicts. Among a group of convicts taken on board a shorthanded ship as crew. The convicts commandeered the ship and sailed for New Zealand. Hagerty was put ashore and died, Badger was never seen again.
Jorgen Jorgensen	1780-1841	1807-1808	Denmark	Dutch adventurer and writer, he was captured by the British as a privateer during the Napoleonic Wars.
Jean Lafitte	c. 1780-?	1803-1814	France	French pirate (or privateer) active in the Gulf of Mexico during the early 1800s. A wanted fugitive by the United States, he later participated in the Battle of New Orleans on the side of the Americans.
Sam Hall Lord	1778-1844			Sam Lord was one of the most famous buccaneers on the island of Barbados.
Samuel Mason	1739-1803	to 1803	United States of America	Initially Associate Judge at West County, Virginia, Mason later became a highway robber and waterways pirate.
Cheng I (鄭一)	d. 1807		China	A pirate on the Chinese coast in the 18h and 19th centuries.
Ching Shih (Simp.: 郑氏, Trad.:鄭氏)	d. 1844	1807-1810	China	A prominent female pirate in late Qing China.
Benito de Soto	1805-1830	1827-1830	Spain	The most notorious of the last generation to attack shipping on the Atlantic Ocean.
Shap-'ng Tsai	d. 1849	1845-1849	China	Commanded around 70 junks in the South China Sea before retiring and accepting a pardon from the Chinese government.
Cheung Po Tsai (Simp.: 张保仔, Trad.:張保仔)	early 19th century	to 1810	China	Active along the Guangdong coast and is said to have commanded a fleet of 600 junks.
Dominique You	1775-1830	1802-1814	Haiti	Acquired a reputation for daring as a pirate. Retired to become a politician in New Orleans.
Bill Johnston	1782-1870		United States of America	Nicknamed "Pirate of the Thousand Islands".
Albert W. Hicks	1820s-1860	1840s-1860	United States of America	Pirate who pilling Gold Camps in the California Gold Rush and he was hung on Liberty Island in 1860.
Bully Hayes	1829-1877	1850-1877	United States of America	The Pirate of the South Sea.

Piracy in the twentieth century: 1900-2000

Paul Watson (silver hair) has had his confrontational tactics – particularly an incident involving butyric acid as well as sinking of ships – branded as piratical by some organisations.

Name	Life	Years Active	Country of origin	Comments
Boysie Singh	1908-1957	1947-1956	Trinidad	Active in the waters between Venezuela and Trinidad. Singh commonly attacked fishing boats, killing the crew and stealing the boat engine, before sinking the boat and selling the engine.
Paul Watson	born 1950	1978-	Canada	Watson has had his confrontational tactics – particularly an incident involving butyric acid as well as sinking of ships – branded as piratical by some organisations.
Peter de Neumann	1917-1972	21 June 1941	United Kingdom	Second Officer aboard the RN prize vessel Criton (captured from the Vichy French). Widely known as "The Man From Timbuctoo".
Asad 'Booyah' Abdulahi	1966-	1998-	Somalia	Somali pirate boss, active in capturing ships in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean for ransoms.
Abdul Hassan	1969-	2005-	Somalia	Somali pirate nicknamed "the one who never sleeps". Leader of the 350-men strong group "Central Regional Coast Guard", active in capturing ships for ransoms.

Further reading

Ancient World

• Bulwer, Edward Lytton. Athens, Its Rise and Fall: With Views of the Literature, Philosophy, and Social Life of the Athenian People. New York: Harper & brothers Publishers, 1852.
• Livy, History of Rome, Rev. Canon Roberts (translator), Ernest Rhys (Ed.); (1905) London: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd.
• Plutarch, "Aratus" in Plutarch's Lives, Arthur Hugh Clough (editor), John Dryden (translator). Two volumes. Modern Library; Modern Library Paperback Ed edition (April 10, 2001). Downloadable version at Project Gutenberg. Vol. 2: ISBN 0375756779.
• Polybius, Histories, Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London, New York. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962).
• Pritchett, William Kendrick. The Greek State at War. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1974. ISBN 0-520-02565-2
• Rawlinson, George; Benjamin Jowett, Henry Graham Dakyns and Edward James Chinnock. Greek Historians: The Complete and Unabridged Historical Works of Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon and Arrian. New York: Random House Incorporated, 1942.
• Rogozinski, Jan. Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. ISBN 0-306-80722-X
• Shaw, Philip. The Sublime. New York: Routledge, 2006. ISBN 0-415-26847-8
• Strabo, Geography, translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924). Books 8-9: ISBN 0-674-99216-4, Books 13-14: ISBN 0-674-99246-6.
• Thirlwall, Connop. A History of Greece. London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, 1846.
• Walbank, F. W., Philip V of Macedon, The University Press (1940).
• Waltari, Mika; The Etruscan (Turms kuolematon, 1955).
• Wilkes, John, The Illyrians (Peoples of Europe), Blackwell Publishers, (December 1, 1995) ISBN 0-631-19807-5.

Middle Ages

• Bono, Salvatore, Corsari nel Mediterraneo (Corsairs in the Mediterranean), Oscar Storia Mondadori. Perugia, 1993.
• Bottling, Douglas. The Pirates. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books Inc., 1978.
• Bracker, Jörgen : Klaus Störtebeker – only one of them. The history of the Vitalienbrüder. In: Wilfried honour-break (Hrsg.): Störtebeker. 600 years after its death (Hansi studies; Bd. 15). Porta Alba publishing house, Luebeck 2001, ISBN 3-933701-14-7
• Bradford, Ernle, The Sultan's Admiral: the Life of Barbarossa, London, 1968.
• Currey, E. Hamilton, Sea-Wolves of the Mediterranean,, London, 1910
• John of Fordun, Chronicle of the Scottish Nation. Edited by William Forbes Skene, translated by Felix J.H. Skene. Reprinted, Llanerch Press, Lampeter, 1993. ISBN 1-897853-05-X
• Knecht, R.J. Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-521-57885-X
• McDonald, R. Andrew Outlaws of Medieval Scotland: Challenges to the Canmore Kings, 1058–1266. Tuckwell Press, East Linton, 2003. ISBN 1-86232-236-8
• Oram, Richard, David I: The King who made Scotland. Tempus, Stroud, 2004. ISBN 0-7524-2825-X
• Rogozinski, Jan. Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. ISBN 0-306-80722-X
• William of Newburgh, Historia rerum anglicarum, Book 1 Ch.24, "Of bishop Wimund, his life unbecoming a bishop, and how he was deprived of his sight", Full-text online.
• Wolf, John B., The Barbary Coast: Algeria under the Turks, New York, 1979; ISBN 0-393-01205-0

Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Privateer: 1580-1650

• Andrade, Tonio. "The Company's Chinese Pirates: How the Dutch East India Company Tried to Lead a Coalition of Pirates to War Against China, 1621-1662."
• Bicheno, Hugh Crescent and Cross: The Battle of Lepanto 1571, Phoenix Paperback, 2004, ISBN 1-84212-753-5
• Rachel Carley (2000). Cuba: 400 Years of Architectural Heritage. Watson-Guptill. p. 224. ISBN 0823011283.
• David Cordingly (1997). Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates. Harvest Books. p. 320. ISBN 0156005492.
• Currey, E. Hamilton Sea-Wolves of the Mediterranean, London, 1910.
• Earle, Peter. The Pirate Wars, 2003
• Gerhard, Peter. Pirates of New Spain, 1575-1742. Mineola, Ny: Courier Dover Publications, 2003. ISBN 0-486-42611-4
• van der Hoven, Marco, ed. Exercise of Arms: Warfare in the Netherlands, 1568-1648. Brill Academic Publishers, 1997. ISBN 90-04-10727-4
• Hughes-Hallett, Lucy. Heroes: A History of Hero Worship. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York, 2004. ISBN 1-4000-4399-9.
• Kupperman, Karen Ordahl. Providence Island, 1630-1641: The Other Puritan Colony. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 978-0-521-55835-8
• Lane, Kris E. Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas, 1500-1750. Armunk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1998. ISBN 0-7656-0257-1
• Manthorpe, Jonathan. Forbidden Nation: A History of Taiwan. New York, 2005.
• Mattingly, Garett, The Defeat of the Spanish Armada, ISBN 0-395-08366-4 – a detailed account of the defeat of the Spanish Armada, it received a special citation from the Pulitzer Prize committee in 1960.
• Maxwell, Kenneth. Naked Tropics: Essays on Empire and Other Rogues. London: Routledge (UK), 2003. ISBN 0-415-94576-3
• Mcgrath, John Terrence. The French in Early Florida: In the Eye of the Hurricane. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. ISBN 0-8130-1784-X
• Michael, Franz. The Origin of Manchu Rule in China. Baltimore, 1942. Journal of World History, 2004 Dec.; 15(4):415-444. [1]
• Miguel de Cervantes, in chapter XXXIX of his classic El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha, mentions Uluç Ali under the name of "Uchali", describing briefly his rise to the regency of Algiers.
• Rodger, N.A.M. The Safeguard of the Sea; A Naval History of Britain 660-1649. (London, 1997).
• Roding, Juliette and Lex Heerma van Voss, ed. The North Sea and Culture (1550-1800). Larenseweg, Netherlands: Uitgeverij VerLoren, 1996. ISBN 90-6550-527-X
• Rogozinski, Jan. Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. ISBN 0-306-80722-X
• Schmidt, Benjamin. Innocence Abroad: The Dutch Imagination and the New World, 1570-1670. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-521-80408-6
• Stradling, R.A. The Armada of Flanders: Spanish Maritime Policy and European War, 1568-1668 (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History). Cambridge University Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0521405348 (issued in paperback 2004, ISBN 978-0521525121)
• Wolf, John B. The Barbary Coast: Algeria under the Turks, W.W. Norton, New York/London, 1979, ISBN 0-393-01205-0.

Age of the Buccaneers: 1650-1690

• Haring, Clarence. The Buccaneers in the West Indies in the XVII Century. Methuen, 1910.
• Walpole, Horace, Letters, Volume 4 (at Project Gutenberg)
• Marley, David F. Pirates and Privateers of the Americas. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1994.
• Morris, Mowbray. Tales of the Spanish Main. Kessinger Publishing, 2005. ISBN 141795373X
• Riccardo Capoferro, Frontiere del racconto. Letteratura di viaggio e romanzo in Inghilterra, 1690-1750, Meltemi, 2007.
• Rogozinski, Jan. Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. ISBN 0-306-80722-X
• Rogozinski, Jan. Pirates: an A-Z Encyclopedia. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996.
• The Voyages and Adventures of Capt. Barth. Sharp and Others in the South Sea, Being a Journal of the Same; Also Capt. Van Horn with His Buccanieres Surprising of La Veracruz; to Which is Added the True Relation of Sir Henry Morgan His Expedition Against the Spaniards in the West-Indies and His Taking Panama; Together with the President of Panama’s [i.e., Juan Perez de Guzman] Account of the Same Expedition, Translated Out of the Spanish; and Col. Beeston’s Adjustment of the Peace Between the Spaniards and English in the West Indies. London: Printed by B.W. for R.H. and S.T. and are to be sold by Walter Davis…, 1684.
• The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

Golden Age of Piracy: 1690-1730

• Andrews, Thomas F. (editor). 1979. English Privateers at Cabo San Lucas: The Descriptive Accounts of Puerto Seguro by Edward Cooke (1712) and Woodes Rogers (1712), with Added Comments by George Shelvocke (1726) and William Betagh (1728). Dawson's Book Shop, Los Angeles.
• Bolster, W. Jeffrey – Black Jacks: African American Seamen in the Age of Sail.
• Breverton, Terry (2003) The book of Welsh pirates and buccaneers. Glyndwr Publishing. ISBN 1-903529-09-3
• Cooke, Edward. 1712. A Voyage to the South Sea and Round the World. 3 vols. Lintot, London
• Ellms, Charles. The Pirates Own Book: Authentic Narratives of the Most Celebrated Sea Robbers. Dover Publications 1993 ISBN 0-486-27607-4
• Gilbert, H. (1986). The Book of Pirates. London: Bracken Books.
• Johnson, Charles. A General History of the Pyrates, from their First Rise and Settlement in the Island of Providence, to the Present Time.... 2nd ed. London: Printed for, and sold by, T. Warner, 1724.
• Johnson, Charles (1724). "A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pirates" (1998 ed.). Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-732-0.
• Johnson, Charles. The History of the Pirates: containing the lives of Captain Mission…. London: Printed for, and sold by, T. Woodward, 1728.
• Little, Brian. c. 1960. Crusoe's Captain: Being the Life of Woodes Rogers, Seaman, ader, Colonial Governor. Odhams Press, London
• Menefee, S.P. "Vane, Charles," in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 56 (2004): pp. 94–95.
• Pennell, C. R. Bandits at Sea: A Pirates Reader. New York: NYU Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8147-6678-1
• Pickering, David. "Pirates". CollinsGem. HarperCollins Publishers, New York, NY. pp 80-82. 2006.
• Rediker, Marcus. Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age. Boston: Beacon Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8070-5024-5
• Rogers, Woodes. 1712. A Cruising Voyage Round the World. Andrew Bell, London.
• Rogozinski, Jan. Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. ISBN 0-306-80722-X
• Rogozinski, Jan. Honor Among Thieves: Captain Kidd, Henry Every, and the Pirate Democracy in the Indian Ocean. Stackpole Books, 2000. ISBN 0811715299
• Seitz, Don Carlos, Howard F. Gospel and Stephen Wood. Under the Black Flag: Exploits of the Most Notorious Pirates. Mineola, New York: Courier Dover Publications, 2002. ISBN 0-486-42131-7
• Smith, Captain Alexander. History of the Highwaymen. London: George Routledge & Sons, 1926. ISBN 0-415-28678-6
• Steele, Philip. The World of Pirates. Boston: Kingfisher Publications, 2004. ISBN 0-7534-5786-5
• The Tryals of Major Stede Bonnet, and Other Pirates. London, Printed for Benj. Cowse at the Rose and Crown in St Paul's Church-Yard, 1719.

Decline of Piracy: 1730-1900

• Cordingly, David (1997). Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates. Harvest Books.
• Gregory, Kristiana. The Stowaway: A Tale of California Pirates. Scholastic Trade, 1995. ISBN 0-590-48822-8
• Pickering, David. "Pirates". CollinsGem. HarperCollins Publishers, New York, NY. pp-96-97. 2006
• Rothert, Otto A. The Outlaws of Cave-In-Rock, Otto A. Rothert, Cleveland 1924; rpt. 1996 ISBN 0-8093-2034-7

External links

Ancient World

• An article about the Roman Navy, with information on Anicetus.
• Herodotus - The History of Herodotus, with information on Dionysius the Phocaean.
• The Pirates Hold - Entry for Glauketas.

Middle Ages

• Jean Ango at Encyclopædia Britannica.com
• Genealogy - Pier Gerlofs Donia at Langenberg-Laagland.com, see Pier Gerlofs biography, downloadable PDF
• An article from the English Historical Review, vol 27 (1912) gives biographical details of Eustace the Monk.
• Chronological list of important dates and events in the life of Turgut Reis (Italian)
• Agreement on reparations for injuries and damages by vitalians (made between King Henry IV of England and the Hanseatic League)
• Male Pirates: Klaus Störtebeker at Outlaw Wolf, an Outlaws Blog
• Magister Wigbold and the Likedeelers (in German)
• "Heard at Byland: Wimund’s Woes" from Byland Abbey website, Retrieved Jan. 2005.

Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Privateer: 1580-1650

• Two variants on the ballad of Andrew Bartin.
• Pirate's Cove: Abraham Blauvelt
• Template:Nl icon A short biography of Hendrik Brouwer.
• John D. Neville. "History of Thomas Cavendish", Heritage Education Program, US National Park Service.
• Christian Isobel Johnstone (1831). Lives and Voyages of Drake, Cavendish, and Dampier. Oliver & Boyd. From Google Books.
• Christian Isobel Johnstone (1892). Early English voyagers : or, The adventures and discoveries of Drake, Cavendish, and Dampier. London: Nelson. From Internet Archive
• Francois Le Clerc, at Rob Ossian's Pirate Cove
• Isle of Tortuga: Jacob Collaart
• Oliver Seeler's website "Sir Francis Drake"
• Biography of Peter Easton at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• An exhibit in the National Archives on John Hawkins.
• A timeline of Piet Hein's life.
• Granuaile (Grace O'Malley) story and poem
• Privateers and Pirates: James Riskinner
• Captain John Ward at vleonica.com

Age of the Buccaneers: 1650-1690

• Jean Bart (English)
• Un dictionnaire biographique de la flibuste (1648-1688), Biographies - B Template:Fr icon
• Famous Historical Pirates - Edward Collier
• John Coxon at The Pirate King
• Works by William Dampier at Project Gutenberg
• A Voyage to New Holland at Project Gutenberg
• A Continuation of a Voyage to New Holland at Project Gutenberg
• Notable Voyagers, W.H.G. Kingston and Henry Frith - Chapter XXI: Voyages and adventures of William Dampier — from A.D. 1674

Golden Age of Piracy: 1690-1730

• Brethren of the Coast: Captain Thomas Anstis
• Biography of Bartholomew Roberts
• The Pirate Cove! - George Booth
• Account of John Bowen's life by V'léOnica Roberts
• National Geographic, "Capt. Samuel Bellamy, Rogue Romeo"
• A Biography of Stede Bonnet
• Anne Bonny at TheWayofthePirates.com
• Christopher Condent at Rob Ossian's Pirate Cove!
• Pirate Encyclopedia: Howell Davis
• Edward England section on V'lé Onica's Pirate Cove website
• Pirates hold: William Fly
• The Pirate Cove! - John Halsey
• Biography of Miguel Henríquez
• Benjamin Hornigold at TheWayofthePirates.com
• Benjamin Hornigold at AgeofPirates.com
• Entry for Thomas Howard on www.vleonica.com

Decline of Piracy: 1730-1900

• The California State Military Museum - Spanish and Mexican California: Hippolyte de Bouchard and His Attacks on the California Missions
• Hipólito (Hypolite) Bouchard and the Raid of 1818 article at the Monterey County Historical Society official website – URL accessed on December 2, 2005.
• American Museum of Natural History - Spanish Colonial History
• Gasparilla Pirate Festival
• José Gaspar site
• Bradlee's account of Gasparilla and the Story of Juan Gomez
• Charles Gibbs Treasure
• Charles Gibbs at Rob Ossian's Pirate Cove!
• Don Pedro Gilbert at Age of Pirates.com
• "The Execution of Gordon, The Slave-Trader", Harper's Weekly, March 8, 1862.
• "Slave Captain to be Hanged", Worcester Aegis and Transcript, December 7, 1861, p 1. (From Letters of the Civil War (website), archived at Wayback Machine, November 15, 2004.)
• Australian Broadcasting Commission, 22 September 2003, transcript of television program on Jorgen Jorgenson
• A biography of Jørgensen
• Bell Anthology - Samuel Mason
• Samuel Mason at Cave-in-Rock
• Ching Shih at the Pirate's Hold
• Cheung Po Tsai Cave at discoverhongkong.com

Piracy in the twentieth century

• The Politics of Extinction
• Detailed profile of Paul Watson by Raffi Khatchadourian, from The New Yorker, November 5, 2007