Talk:Pederasty/Archive 12: Difference between revisions
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Can somebody expand on the Russia section? <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/86.159.107.81|86.159.107.81]] ([[User talk:86.159.107.81|talk]]) 00:59, 10 January 2009 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot--> |
Can somebody expand on the Russia section? <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/86.159.107.81|86.159.107.81]] ([[User talk:86.159.107.81|talk]]) 00:59, 10 January 2009 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot--> |
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== Christianity section keeps getting changed back and forth. == |
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1. If the Greek translation of "beloved slave" is still in contention, (RE: Matthew 8:5-13 and Luke 7:1-10) then it's not valid footing for a full-blown historical reference. |
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2. Determining a simple agape, phileo, or eros-type root isn't really as much of a chore as it's being made out to be. |
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3. Parenthetical quote: "it is this translation that leads to the argument below, alternatives are "dear" or "valuable." <-- While both a welcome and acceptable addition, it still fails to truly settle what appears to be a simple turn of one word. |
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4. For the past 2 years or so, this entry still contains the weasel words, "has been interpreted by some as supportive of male love." Yet, Professor Jennings is only one individual, and not "some." Therefore, making the entry itself a consensus of one. [[User:Obiwanjacoby|Obiwanjacoby]] ([[User talk:Obiwanjacoby|talk]]) 01:47, 8 January 2009 (UTC) |
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::In scholarship, contention never ends. That does not man we cannot document the conversation. [[User:Haiduc|Haiduc]] ([[User talk:Haiduc|talk]]) 22:20, 10 January 2009 (UTC) |
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::Haiduc, I proposed no such thing and you're reading into an intent that is not there. Options are available, such as scrubbing "some" and substituting it with "Professor Jennings," or adding cites of additional scholars who side with Jennings. [[User:Obiwanjacoby|Obiwanjacoby]] ([[User talk:Obiwanjacoby|talk]]) 06:54, 13 January 2009 (UTC) |
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::On review of the edit itself, I find it agreeable and have no further issues with it. [[User:Obiwanjacoby|Obiwanjacoby]] ([[User talk:Obiwanjacoby|talk]]) 07:01, 13 January 2009 (UTC) |
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== Ganymede == |
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I'm a bit confused about what's going on with the Ganymede images. In [http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Pederasty&diff=266243578&oldid=266126249 this edit], [[User:Dave Chaparral]] removed two images, and gave the edit summary "Removing ad hoc synthesis regarding meaning of a religious metaphor amounting to "novel narrative or historical interpretation" (J. Wales) & serving to advance a position not advanced by sources." I don't understand where the supposed OR is, and I don't understand why the description of the images as "religious metaphor[s]" isn't itself OR. |
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So I reverted. (Maybe I should have given a fuller explanation?) Then [[User:Nandesuka]] reverted back to Dave Chaparral's version, with the edit summary "He was pretty clear in the edit summary: are there sources that characterize Zeus-Ganymede as "pederasty"? Can a god actually be a pederast?" Well, again, I don't think Dave's summary was clear at all: where's the "religious metaphor"? If Dave was objecting to calling the Zeus-Ganymede relationship "pederasty", he could have spelled that out. |
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As far as sources for the relationship, it's hard to see why we need them; the homoerotic nature of Zeus-Ganymede is so well-known that it is in the realm of common knowledge. Nevertheless, there are sources in the current version of the article: Clement of Alexandria, and Friedrich Engels. [http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=ganymede+pederasty&hl=en&lr=&btnG=Search&sourceid=Mozilla-search It's not hard to find more.] According to the Oxford Classical Dictionary (s.v. "Ganymedes"), Ganymede's name is even the origin of our word "catamite" (brought through Etruscan to Latin, thence Anglicized). [[User:Akhilleus|--Akhilleus]] ([[User talk:Akhilleus|talk]]) 15:26, 25 January 2009 (UTC) |
Revision as of 03:49, 17 March 2009
This is an archive of past discussions about Pederasty. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. |
Archive 5 | ← | Archive 10 | Archive 11 | Archive 12 | Archive 13 | Archive 14 | Archive 15 |
PoMo > CSA criticism
We should be looking to remove the assertion that the CSA angle is supported by PoMo theories of power. Such theories (Foucault included) tend to subvert top-down approaches such as CSA. forestPIG(grunt) 15:01, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
Pederasty Among Primitives
For the references section. The correct link should be:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2086628 forestPIG(grunt) 15:19, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
Etymology section
The "Etymology" section had a number of serious problems that I have corrected.
First, there was a quote attributed to the Concise OED that, as near as I can tell, was at best in error or at worst fabricated. I corrected the definition.
Second, the section was presented backwards, first presenting definitions from specialist sources and only then presenting the general definitions later. I reversed the order.
Thirdly, the text surrounding all of these definitions was not even remotely written from a neutral point of view; it seemed to promote some of the fringe definitions and denigrate the dictionary definitions. I tried to make the text more neutral.
Lastly, one of the sources, William Percy's Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, is generally speaking not an acceptable academic source, being tainted by its association with a fraud scandal. There is a second edition of the encyclopedia that does not suffer from this taint, and it's likely that it has a similar definition. I did not touch this for now, but we should work to replace the fraud-tainted source with a reference to a source with an unstained reputation. Nandesuka (talk) 12:12, 28 October 2008 (UTC)
- Your aggressive logos here notwithstanding, the version as amended now approaches a neutral tone and is provisionally acceptable. The OED quote was simply what was there when last I checked. Haiduc (talk) 21:25, 28 October 2008 (UTC)
- Your edit to say the OED offers two definitions is incorrect; that is a single definition with two explanatory clauses. When the OED provides different definitions, it numbers / enumerates them separately, or else joins them with a connector, such as "also."
- "Restrictive", regarding the concise OED, smacks of a value judgement, and is thus not NPOV. I suggest "terse" as a better term than either "restrictive" or "direct". Nandesuka (talk) 11:23, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
- We can always say that the OED indicates two uses, one general and the other specific. I disagree with "terse," we can leave the text to speak for itself. Haiduc (talk) 11:34, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
- The OED is perfectly capable of enumerating uses when they intend to. Why in the world would we fabricate a second definition when they chose to provide only one? Regarding the other issue, "Terse" is a descriptive attribute of a sentence. "Restrictive" is a comment on the semantics and meaning of the definition. My $0.02. Anyone else want to chime in? Nandesuka (talk) 12:13, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
- The guide to OED entries makes it quite clear that describing these as two different definitions is a misrepresentation:
- We can always say that the OED indicates two uses, one general and the other specific. I disagree with "terse," we can leave the text to speak for itself. Haiduc (talk) 11:34, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
While the headword section of an entry defines the form of a headword, the sense section explains the headword's meaning. The sense section consists of one or more definitions, each with its paragraph of illustrative quotations, arranged chronologically. Some words, especially those that have existed for centuries, have acquired many meanings. Because of this, the sense section for some entries is quite extensive.
... Senses, or meanings, are ordered according to a structure resembling a family tree, so that the development of one meaning from another can be plotted. The individual meanings are numbered within this structure for ease of reference.
(emphasis added). Nandesuka (talk) 12:23, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
- Yes, the OED is perfectly capable of enumerating usages, and they do. Why, however, are you so quick to allege "fabricated quotes" without even bothering to check properly. It's a tactic that creates a wholly offensive atmosphere. The quotation you removed was "Unnatural connexion with a boy; sodomy"; since that's a rather negative characterisation, I can't imagine why Haiduc - the implicit subject of your accusation - would have "fabricated" it, can you? However, for your infornmation, here is the full 1989 version of the definition, which they have since revised. The revised version can also be accessed from the OED website. Paul B (talk) 12:32, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
- What is "fabricated" in context, above, was Haiduc's suggestion that the OED definition is in fact "two definitions". On this talk page I indicated that I wasn't sure whether the concise OED definition was fabricated or not. I couldn't tell. I couldn't tell because the reference was incorrect, leading to a completely different definition. This sort of thing has happened innumerable times: I check a reference, and it says something completely different from what it is purported to say. I'm beyond trying to guess whether it's on purpose or not. Nandesuka (talk) 13:10, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
- Regarding your "why" question, I can't speculate, but it's worth noting that our text introducing that quote was "Some borrow the terminology of religious discourse...", which, frankly, seems like an egregious violation of both WP:NPOV and WP:NOR. Nandesuka (talk) 13:22, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
- Are you suggesting that the two formulations offered by the OED are synonymous? Haiduc (talk) 23:47, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
- I'm stating that if the OED intended that entry to contain two definitions, it would contain two definitions instead of one. Your argument isn't with me. It's with Oxford. Good luck with that. Nandesuka (talk) 01:27, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
- Answer the question, instead of forcefully inserting your false statement into the article. Haiduc (talk) 01:59, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
- Sorry, I refuse to tell you whether or not I am still beating my wife. If you have a problem with the OED's guide on how to read an entry, which I linked to earlier, take it up with them. There is simply no ambiguity here. If the OED wanted to provide two definitions, they would have provided two definitions. When the OED provides multiple definitions, they are numbered. Always. Without fail. If you want to argue that in this one case, for some reason, they went against their conventions, you are sailing against the wind Nandesuka (talk) 03:56, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
- Answer the question, instead of forcefully inserting your false statement into the article. Haiduc (talk) 01:59, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
- Our edits overlapped. Nevertheless, now we see who it is who is really fabricating a fantasy and shoving it down the throats of our readers as well as other editors. So you will presume to bring in here this text: "Homosexual relations between a man and a boy; homosexual anal intercourse, usually with a boy or younger man as the passive partner" and then you will claim that there is only one definition in those two very different descriptions. But that is only because you are gaming the word "definition." Your argument is pure sophistry. It does not matter whether we say that there are two definitions, two formulations or two views represented here. The main point is that this dictionary holds that there are two separate things that can be represented by the word "pederasty," and one of the forms described is strictly copulative, while the other is far more general and does not restrict the relationship to any particular form of sexuality.
- But you cannot admit that, because it blows your argument at Nicolo Giraud out of the water. So what we now discover is that, far from wanting to see accurate sourcing for the articles on pederasty, what you really want is to set an artificially high bar for pederasty so that as few articles as possible will discuss the topic. How do you have the nerve to waste our time with your political agenda, especially one which has degraded this encyclopedia and deprived readers of valuable information? Haiduc (talk) 04:20, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
- So, instead of acknowledging that there are two formulations, with two very separate meanings, you refuse to discuss it and resort to edit warring, and to falsely claiming that you are making the edits on the basis of "consensus." But you are the ONLY one to hold that view - that consensus exists only in your head. So what we are seeing now is the face of Nandesukapedia, a project in which the paramount good is for Nandesuka to win an argument, at any cost to the integrity of the encyclopedia or to the form in which we resolve our differences. What a wonderful thing it must be to be an administrator with friends in all the right places, so you can say and do what you want and revert edits as many times as you want, with complete immunity. Considering the amount of time you spend here, you must be getting a lot out of it, it must be a profoundly satisfying and self-affirming experience for you. How nice. Haiduc (talk) 04:06, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
- You are really behaving quite unacceptably, and are making this editing environment quite unpleasant and, frankly, hostile. Nandesuka (talk) 05:26, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
- So, instead of acknowledging that there are two formulations, with two very separate meanings, you refuse to discuss it and resort to edit warring, and to falsely claiming that you are making the edits on the basis of "consensus." But you are the ONLY one to hold that view - that consensus exists only in your head. So what we are seeing now is the face of Nandesukapedia, a project in which the paramount good is for Nandesuka to win an argument, at any cost to the integrity of the encyclopedia or to the form in which we resolve our differences. What a wonderful thing it must be to be an administrator with friends in all the right places, so you can say and do what you want and revert edits as many times as you want, with complete immunity. Considering the amount of time you spend here, you must be getting a lot out of it, it must be a profoundly satisfying and self-affirming experience for you. How nice. Haiduc (talk) 04:06, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
Nandesuka, you are correct about the OED, but I can't say that you're addressing this situation cooperatively. You could explain why the two parts of the OED definition are synonymous, rather than being snarky.
Haiduc: this is one definition. When the OED says "homosexual relations between a man and a boy", it means sexual relations specifically; the clause "homosexual anal intercourse, usually with a boy or younger man as the passive partner" is meant to be synonymous with the first clause. --Akhilleus (talk) 04:11, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
- Akhilleus, I was trying to be straightforward: we know they are not two definitions because the OED's guide on "how to read an entry" explains what multiple definitions looks like, and this entry doesn't look like that. Nandesuka (talk) 05:26, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
OED definitions in full (1989 ed)
Unnatural connexion with a boy; sodomy.
1613 PURCHAS Pilgrimage (1614) 293 He telleth of their Pæderastie, that they buy Boyes at an hundred or two hundred duckats, and mew them vp for their filthie lust. 1752 HUME Ess. & Treat. (1777) II. 382 Solon's law forbid pæderasty to slaves. 1788 GIBBON Decl. & F. (1846) IV. 233 The same penalties were inflicted on the passive and active guilt of paederasty. 1869 RAWLINSON Anc. Hist. 529 Hence the laws against infanticide, against adultery, against pæderasty. So pæderast [Gr. ], pæderastist, a sodomite; pæderastic a. [Gr. ], pertaining to or practising sodomy; hence pæderastically adv.
1730-6 BAILEY (folio), *Pederast.., a Sodomite, a buggerer. 1738 WARBURTON Div. Legat. I. 171 As the detestable Pæderasts of after Ages scandalized the godlike Socrates. 1925 R. FRY Let. 7 Sept. (1972) II. 581 We had a long talk on the tyranny of the Paederasts and Sapphists. 1935 E. E. CUMMINGS Let. 2 Jan. (1969) 131 Scientists are of course pederasts, as we neither know nor care; & unnaturally enough this natural history museum is a temple or cathedral of the scientific spirit. 1963 A. HERON Towards Quaker View of Sex 69 Socially the paederast is the most isolated of homosexuals. 1969 Listener 14 Aug. 205/3 A divorced woman on the throne of the House of Windsor would be a pretty big feather in the cap of that bunch of rootless intellectuals, alien Jews and international pederasts who call themselves the Labour Party. 1971 P. QUENNELL Marcel Proust 11 The sense of his own separateness, as a paederast who loved women,..and a sick man..intensified his gift of observation.
[1593 G. HARVEY New Letter Wks. (Grosart) I. 290 That penned..another [Apology] of Pederastice, a kinde of harlatry, not to be recited.]
1704 SWIFT T. Tub Pref., There is first the *pæderastic school with French and Italian masters. 1864 tr. Gaspar's Hand-bk. Forensic Med. III. 333 note, Dohrn..has observed this appearance in his old pæderastic hospitallers.
Ibid. 332 A boy alleged to have been abused *pæderastically.
1684 T. GODDARD Plato's Demon 29 The little respect which he had for that Sex, and great love for the other, which made him so great a *Pæderastist
Words, words, words
In the face of such a boring exchange - the last amusing offering excepted - I turned my attention to the French version of ‘Pederasty’, and was relieved and indeed enlightened by what I found. Here we have an ‘encyclopedic’ article which succeeds in treating its subject in a balanced and interesting way, without a trace of academic sterility, moral judgment, and especially political correctness!
Even for those with limited French, a glance at this article will give a sense of what can be achieved – and apparently without heated arguments among the contributors. Certainly, there is reference to the evolution of the term and how it can be variously understood, and an overview of changing dictionary definitions up to the present day. The intro begins:
The word pederast (from Ancient Greek παιδ- / paid – “child” and ἐραστής / erastès – “lover”) aims today to designate the sexual attraction of a man to adolescent or pre-adolescent boys.
It appeared in the French language in the 16th century in the sense of ‘love of boys’, and quickly underwent a series of semantic shifts which were to distance it significantly from its first meaning. Almost abandoned at the beginning of the 20th century in favor of the term ‘homosexuality’, it has gradually been reintroduced in the current sense (as mentioned above), more in line with its etymology but nevertheless different from its initial sense.
Note that a distinction is made between ‘child’ and ‘pre-adolescent’. In the section on semantic history, the article makes interesting points about the influence of the English-speaking world (through the Internet) on the perception of the meaning and application of the term, pederasty, and concludes that its chaotic history is far from over.
The structure of the article and its historical comprehensiveness should give the editorial team food for thought. Dominique (talk) 16:06, 1 November 2008 (UTC)
Link:[1] —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dominique Blanc (talk • contribs) 18:33, 1 November 2008 (UTC)
Broken Section (Choppity, chop, chop!)
The Child Abuse section starts midflow: A study countering this position. What position? This section doesn't really discuss concerns of child abuse, the reason correct or not that the relationship considered illegal in many places. It left me scratching my head.--Soulfare (talk) 05:58, 11 November 2008 (UTC)
BoyLove
I assume that everyone is ok with my redirection of Boylove etc to this article. The alternative was Pro-pedophile activism, which I found most incongruous. forestPIG(grunt) 11:59, 29 November 2008 (UTC)
- Seems ok to me, etymologically at least. However, I do not know how the term is used now. Maybe a disambiguation page would me more useful, with a link to pedophilia for prepubescent applications, and one to pederasty for pubescent and postpubescent applications. Haiduc (talk) 17:28, 29 November 2008 (UTC)
- Haiduc, it's a bit surprising that Mr. Pig chose to redirect that term here, along with the similar term, Boylover that he also redirected here. You might want to learn a bit about how those terms are used today before you agree to this. A quick Google search can show you a couple million examples of why you may prefer not to have those terms associated with this article. I'm not reverting; I'll leave that decision to you. --Jack-A-Roe (talk) 07:48, 3 December 2008 (UTC)
- I also disagree with the redirection - I believe that the word "boylove" is similar enough to Boys Love (and Boys Love (film)) that a person might end up at boylove when they really wanted one of the others. I've undone the redirect. --Malkinann (talk) 05:51, 5 December 2008 (UTC)
- Haiduc, it's a bit surprising that Mr. Pig chose to redirect that term here, along with the similar term, Boylover that he also redirected here. You might want to learn a bit about how those terms are used today before you agree to this. A quick Google search can show you a couple million examples of why you may prefer not to have those terms associated with this article. I'm not reverting; I'll leave that decision to you. --Jack-A-Roe (talk) 07:48, 3 December 2008 (UTC)
There should be no redirect to pedophilia"X"
There is an alternative use, as identified by Jack-A-Roe. I suggest a disambiguation page:
- Boylove may refer to:
- Pederasty, a sexual relationship between a man and an adolescent boy.
- Boy-attracted pedophilia.
- The above definition, as advocated by Pro-pedophile activism.
and
- Boylover may refer to:
- The pederast (adult male) in a sexual relationship with an adolescent boy.
- A boy-attracted pedophile.
- The above definition, as advocated by Pro-pedophile activism. forestPIG(grunt) 17:37, 3 December 2008 (UTC)
What do the sources say?
There are multiple reliable sources indicating the use of the terms "boylover", "girllover" & "childlover" are used as terms of self-identification by pedophiles. A couple sources are in the Pro-pedophile activism article already, and more are easy to find. Here's another one, found in a few seconds of Google searching:
FBI investigators in California found a coin that had been imprinted with the BoyLover logo on one side and the inscription "Kids Love Pedos" on the other. ... One website that openly displays the BoyLover and ChildLover logos was also central to a trial earlier this year, when an alleged Australian pedophile was described as using it to contact his alleged victim. ... This website lobbies for the social acceptance of "boylove", as well as providing its members with a forum in which to communicate anonymously. Fox News Australia
The Pro-pedophile activism article has a section discussing the present-day and recent historical use of the terms, making it a natural target for the redirects. There is no discussion of the use of those terms in the Pederasty article - is that because they are not used to refer to pederasty, or is it just that the editors of this article have not yet added that information?
Mr. Pig, since you changed the redirects and started this discussion, would you like to find those references and add a section to this article about the ways the terms "Boylove" and "Boylover" are used to refer to "pederasty" as differentiated from "pedophilia"?--Jack-A-Roe (talk) 19:30, 3 December 2008 (UTC)
- These websites frequently use the terms in relation to relationships between adults and adolescent boys. For example, North American Man/Boy Love Association. Therefore, we can add a vast chunk of contemporary usage to the etymological root argument for redirecting to Pederasty. The pedophile usage is novel, fringe in nature, but nevertheless equally as prolific when compared to pro-pederast advocacy and scholarly use in pre-1970s texts. That is why I support the use of disambiguation instead of redirecting. forestPIG(grunt) 13:21, 4 December 2008 (UTC)
- In looking around for more evidence, I came across an amusingly contrasting use: Current Trends in Analytical Psychology By Gerhard Adler p.250 uses "boy-lover" to represent the boy who loves (and is loved by) the man. Something that should be added to the mix.
- Outing By Warren Johansson, William A. Percy, p.282 seems to use the term for "pederast," which should be sufficient to show relationship to this topic. Haiduc (talk) 01:02, 5 December 2008 (UTC)
Russia
Can somebody expand on the Russia section? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.159.107.81 (talk) 00:59, 10 January 2009 (UTC)
Christianity section keeps getting changed back and forth.
1. If the Greek translation of "beloved slave" is still in contention, (RE: Matthew 8:5-13 and Luke 7:1-10) then it's not valid footing for a full-blown historical reference.
2. Determining a simple agape, phileo, or eros-type root isn't really as much of a chore as it's being made out to be.
3. Parenthetical quote: "it is this translation that leads to the argument below, alternatives are "dear" or "valuable." <-- While both a welcome and acceptable addition, it still fails to truly settle what appears to be a simple turn of one word.
4. For the past 2 years or so, this entry still contains the weasel words, "has been interpreted by some as supportive of male love." Yet, Professor Jennings is only one individual, and not "some." Therefore, making the entry itself a consensus of one. Obiwanjacoby (talk) 01:47, 8 January 2009 (UTC)
- In scholarship, contention never ends. That does not man we cannot document the conversation. Haiduc (talk) 22:20, 10 January 2009 (UTC)
- Haiduc, I proposed no such thing and you're reading into an intent that is not there. Options are available, such as scrubbing "some" and substituting it with "Professor Jennings," or adding cites of additional scholars who side with Jennings. Obiwanjacoby (talk) 06:54, 13 January 2009 (UTC)
- On review of the edit itself, I find it agreeable and have no further issues with it. Obiwanjacoby (talk) 07:01, 13 January 2009 (UTC)
Ganymede
I'm a bit confused about what's going on with the Ganymede images. In this edit, User:Dave Chaparral removed two images, and gave the edit summary "Removing ad hoc synthesis regarding meaning of a religious metaphor amounting to "novel narrative or historical interpretation" (J. Wales) & serving to advance a position not advanced by sources." I don't understand where the supposed OR is, and I don't understand why the description of the images as "religious metaphor[s]" isn't itself OR.
So I reverted. (Maybe I should have given a fuller explanation?) Then User:Nandesuka reverted back to Dave Chaparral's version, with the edit summary "He was pretty clear in the edit summary: are there sources that characterize Zeus-Ganymede as "pederasty"? Can a god actually be a pederast?" Well, again, I don't think Dave's summary was clear at all: where's the "religious metaphor"? If Dave was objecting to calling the Zeus-Ganymede relationship "pederasty", he could have spelled that out.
As far as sources for the relationship, it's hard to see why we need them; the homoerotic nature of Zeus-Ganymede is so well-known that it is in the realm of common knowledge. Nevertheless, there are sources in the current version of the article: Clement of Alexandria, and Friedrich Engels. It's not hard to find more. According to the Oxford Classical Dictionary (s.v. "Ganymedes"), Ganymede's name is even the origin of our word "catamite" (brought through Etruscan to Latin, thence Anglicized). --Akhilleus (talk) 15:26, 25 January 2009 (UTC)