Outline of arithmetic

For a more comprehensive list, see the List of arithmetic topics.

Arithmetic is the oldest and simplest branch of mathematics, used by almost everyone. Its tasks range from the simple act of counting to advanced science and business calculations. The traditional arithmetic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, although more advanced operations such as percentages, square root, exponentiation, and logarithmic functions are also a part of this subject. (Note: number theory is sometimes referred to as "higher arithmetic", but this term should not be confused with "arithmetic"). The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to arithmetic:

Essence of arithmetic

Main article: Arithmetic

Elementary arithmetic

History of arithmetic

Main article: History of arithmetic

Basic arithmetic concepts

Addition – Additive inverse – Associative property – Circumference – Combinations – Common denominator – Common factors – Common multiples – Commutative property – Composite number – Cube root – Decimal arithmetic – Decimal fraction – Decimal point – Distributive property – Division – Even number – Exponent – Factor – Factoring – Fraction – Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic – Greatest common factor – Improper fraction – Integer – Irrational number – Least common multiple – Lowest common denominator – Mean – Median – Mode – Multiples – Multiplicative inverse – Multiplication – Natural number – Negative number – Numeral – Odd number – Operation – Order of operations – Percentage – Permutations – Place value – Positive number – Power – Prime number – Proper fraction – Proportion – Quotient – Ratio – Rational number – Real number – Reciprocal – Rounding – Scientific notation – Square root – Subtraction – Sum – Vulgar fraction – Weighted mean

Modern arithmetic

Riemann zeta function, L-functions, prime number theorem, distribution of primes, multiplicative functions, modular forms

See also

• Elementary mathematics
• Table of mathematical symbols

External links

• What is arithmetic?
• MathWorld article about arithmetic
• Interactive Arithmetic Lessons and Practice
• Talking Math Game for kids
• The New Student's Reference Work/Arithmetic (historical)
• Arithmetic Game
• Math Games for kids and adults
• Maximus Planudes' the Great Calculation an early western work on arithmetic at Convergence