Bakersfield, California

"Bakersfield" redirects here. For other uses, see Bakersfield (disambiguation).

Bakersfield, California
City
Downtown Bakersfield with City Hall and Police Headquarters at left and Hall of Records at right Downtown Bakersfield with City Hall and Police Headquarters at left and Hall of Records at right
Seal
Nickname:  California's Country Music Capital
Location of Bakersfield, California
Country	United States
State	California
County	Kern
Founded	1869
Government
• Mayor	Harvey Hall
• Senate	Dean Florez (D) Roy Ashburn (R)
• Assembly	Danny Gilmore (R) Jean Fuller (R)
• U. S. Congress	Jim Costa (D) (CA-20) Kevin McCarthy (R) (CA-22)
Area
• City	131 sq mi (296.3 km2)
• Land	113.1 sq mi (292.9 km2)
• Water	1.3 sq mi (3.4 km2)  1.14%
Elevation	404 ft (123 m)
Population  (January 1, 2008)
• City	328,692
• Density	2,184.4/sq mi (843.4/km2)
• Metro	780,978
Time zone	UTC-8 (PST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP code	93301 - 93313
Area code	661
FIPS code	06-03526
GNIS feature ID	1652668
Website	bakersfieldcity.us

Bakersfield is a large city at the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley in Kern County, California, United States. It is one of the fastest-growing large-population cities in the USA, and is located roughly equidistant between Los Angeles and Fresno, 110 mi (180 km) to the south and north respectively. Bakersfield is the 11^th fastest growing city in the United States with a population of over 100,000, and the fastest growing city in the United States with a population of over 250,000.

As of 2008, the population was estimated at 328,692 within the city limits, making it the 11th largest city in California and the 57th largest city in the United States according to U.S. Census estimates. The Bakersfield Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) has a population of 780,711, making it the 65th largest metropolitan area in the country. It is California's third largest inland city, after Fresno and Sacramento. The city's economy relies on agriculture, petroleum extraction and refining, and manufacturing.

History

The Yokuts Indians were the first people to settle in the San Joaquin Valley, roughly 8,000 years ago. In 1776, the Spanish missionary Father Francisco Garcés became the first European to explore the area. In 1851, gold was discovered in the Kern River in the southern Sierra Nevada mountains, and in 1865, oil was discovered in the valley. The Bakersfield area, a tule- reed-infested malarial swamp, was first known as Kern Island to the handful of pioneers who built log cabins there in 1860. The area was subject to flooding from the Kern River delta, which occupied what is now the downtown area.

Founding

The Bakersfield area was first known as Kern Island to the handful of pioneers who built log cabins there in 1860. At the founding ceremony in 1869, the town was named Bakersfield in honor of Colonel Thomas Baker. The California Gold Rush brought him to California, he moved to the banks of the Kern River in 1863. (In 1862 disastrous floods had swept away the settlement founded there in 1860 by the German-born Christian Bohna.) The place's name changed from Kern Island to Baker's Field.

By 1870, with a population of 600, Bakersfield was becoming the principal town in Kern County. In 1873 it was officially incorporated as a city, by 1874 it officially replaced the dying town of Havilah as the county seat. By 1880, the town had a population of 801, and by 1890, it had a population of 2,626. Migration from Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Southern California brought new residents, who were mostly employed by the oil industry. By 1980, Bakersfield's population was about 105,000. During the next 20 years, Bakersfield's population exploded and surpassed 250,000 by 2000. Bakersfield is now one of the major cities of California.

1952 earthquake

On July 21, 1952 an earthquake struck at 4:52 a.m. Pacific Standard Time. The earthquake, which was felt from San Francisco to the Mexican border, destroyed the nearby communities of Tehachapi and Arvin. The earthquake's destructive force also bent cotton fields into U shapes, slid a shoulder of the Tehachapi Mountains across all four lanes of the Ridge Route, collapsed a water tower creating a flash flood, and destroyed the railroad tunnels in the mountain chain. Bakersfield was spared, experiencing minor architectural damage without loss of life. The earthquake measured 7.3 on the Richter Scale.

The first aftershock came on July 29, and did minor architectural damage, but raised fears that the flow of the Friant-Kern Canal could be dangerously altered, potentially flooding the city and surrounding areas.

Aftershocks, for the next month, had become normal to Bakersfield residents, until at 3:42 p.m. August 22 a 6.5 earthquake struck directly under the town's center in the most densely populated area of the Southern San Joaquin Valley. The town did have some good fortune, however, as the quake struck late on a Friday afternoon when businesses were already closed down or beginning to close down. Four people died in the aftershock, and many of the town's historic structures were permanently lost.

Geography and climate

Bakersfield is located at 35°21′24″N 119°01′07″W,Template:GR and at 400-foot (120 m) elevation. It lies near the southern "horseshoe" end of the San Joaquin Valley, with the southern tip of the Sierra Nevadas just to the east. The city limits extend to the Sequoia National Forest, at the foot of the Greenhorn Mountain Range and at the entrance to the Kern Canyon. To the south, the Tehachapi Mountains feature the historic Tejon Ranch. To the west is the Temblor Range, which features the Carrizo Plain National Monument and the San Andreas Fault, approximately 35 miles (56 km) across the valley floor.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 114.4 square miles (296 km²), of which 113.1 sq mi (293 km²) is land (98.86%) and 1.3 sq mi (3.4 km²) is water (1.14%).

Bakersfield lies approximately 100 miles (160 km) north of Los Angeles (about a 1½-hour drive on I-5 and State Route 99) and about 300 miles (480 km) southeast of the state capital, Sacramento (about a 4½-hour drive on State Route 99).

Bakersfield's climate is a semi-arid dry steppe climate (Koppen climate classification BSh), defined by long, hot, dry summers and brief, cool, sometimes rainy winters. In fact, Bakersfield is one of the sunniest cities in the U.S. (just behind Yuma, Arizona and Palm Springs, California). Bakersfield enjoys long-lasting, mild autumns and early springs, giving the region a unique climate suitable for growing a wide variety of crops (ranging from citrus to carrots to almonds and pistachios). With an average rainfall of only 6.49 inches (165 mm) per year, most precipitation falls during winter and spring. Since Bakersfield receives less than 10 inches (250 mm) of rain per year, some consider Bakersfield to be a desert. Typically, no rain falls from May through September. Summers tend to be very hot in Bakersfield with daily temperatures usually exceeding 100 °F (38 °C) from mid June to as late as mid September, and occasionally exceeding 110 °F (43 °C). Winters often have mild daytime temperatures reaching into the low 60s°F (15 °C). Mornings and nights however, tend to be cold (especially in December and January), where lows can reach as low as 20 °F (−7 °C), often coming with dense Tule Fog and low visibility, causing many schools to have fog delays as long as three hours.

The record maximum temperature was 115 °F (46 °C) on July 1, 1950, and the record minimum temperature was 19 °F (−7 °C) on December 23, 1998. The most rainfall in one month was 5.36 inches (136 mm) in February 1998. The maximum 24-hour rainfall was 2.29 inches (58 mm) on February 9, 1978. Although snow often falls in the Tehachapi mountains south of Bakersfield during the winter, snow is rare on the valley floor; however, 3 inches (76 mm) fell on January 25, 1999.

The American Lung Association ranked Bakersfield as the most ozone-polluted city in the nation in 2006. It was also ranked as the second-most polluted city in terms of both short-term and year-round particle pollution. In Peter Greenberg's book Don't Go There!, Bakersfield is mentioned for its high ozone levels, and postulates that its rapid increase in size is causing the increasing rate of pollution from new construction.

Climate data for Bakersfield, California
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Source: weather.com

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1880	801		—
1890	2,626		227.8%
1900	4,836		84.2%
1910	12,727		163.2%
1920	18,638		46.4%
1930	26,015		39.6%
1940	29,252		12.4%
1950	34,784		18.9%
1960	56,848		63.4%
1970	69,515		22.3%
1980	105,611		51.9%
1990	174,820		65.5%
2000	247,057		41.3%
2008 (est.)	328,692

According to the 2000 census,Template:GR there were 247,057 people, 83,441 households, and 60,995 families residing in Bakersfield. The population density was 2,184.4 people per square mile (843.4/km²). There were 88,262 housing units at an average density of 780.4/sq mi (301.3/km²).

The racial makeup of the city was 61.87% White, 9.16% Black or African American, 1.40% Native American, 4.33% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 18.68% from other races, and 4.43% from two or more races. 32.45% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 83,441 households out of which 42.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 15.5% were female householders with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 21.5% of households consisted of a single individual; 7.2% were additionally age 65 or older. 42.5% of households claimed children under age 18. The average household size was 2.92, and the average family size was 3.41.

By age, the population was spread out with 32.7% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were age 65 or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.9 males.

The median income for a household was $39,982, and the median income for a family was $45,556. The median income for males was $38,834, compared to $27,148 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,678. About 14.6% of families and 18.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.

Racial makeup

As of 2007.

• White Non-Hispanic (51.1%)
• Hispanic (32.5%)
• Other race (18.7%)
• Black (9.2%)
• Two or more races (4.4%)
• American Indian (2.5%)
• Asian Indian (1.3%)
• Filipino (1.1%)
• Other Asian (0.5%)
• Chinese (0.5%)

(Total can be greater than 100% because Hispanics could be counted in other races)

Politics

Bakersfield differs from many California cities in that it is overwhelmingly conservative. In the 2008 U.S. Presidential election, John McCain carried Kern County by a 17.8% margin over Barack Obama, with Obama carrying the state by a 24% margin over McCain.

Communities and neighborhoods

A panoramic view of Bakersfield, taken from Stockdale Tower, the tallest building in the city, facing east/northeast. The office buildings in the foreground make up a mini financial district and regional offices for many oil companies that operate in the region; the major street to their right is California Avenue. Towards the upper right is downtown Bakersfield, marked by the black-with-white-roof Truxton Tower (the 2nd tallest building in the city). The area rising in the background-right is East Bakersfield. The mountain range is the background are the Greenhorn Mountains.

Downtown

Downtown Bakersfield is bounded by 24th Street to the North, F Street to the West, California Avenue to the South, and Union Avenue to the East. The two main streets of downtown Bakersfield are Truxtun Avenue and Chester Avenue. Unlike most downtown areas in major cities, downtown Bakersfield does not have a towering skyline, although it has a few tall buildings such as the Bank of America Building (10 stories), the Bakersfield Marriott Hotel (9 stories), and the Padre Hotel (9 stories). Notable attractions in downtown Bakersfield include the Rabobank Arena, the McMurtrey Aquatic Center, the Padre Hotel, the Bakersfield Museum of Art, the historic Fox Theater, and a nightlife district centered around 19th Street and Wall Street Alley.

East Bakersfield

East Bakersfield is generally bounded by Bernard Street to the North, Union Avenue to the West, Brundage Lane to the South, and Weedpatch Highway to the East. The two main streets of East Bakersfield are Mount Vernon Avenue and Niles Street. Most of East Bakersfield is not in Bakersfield city limits (along with Rio Bravo, Northeast Bakersfield, and Oildale), being part of "Greater Bakersfield." East Bakersfield is one of the two first major sections of the city to develop, along with downtown. Notable attractions include the Kern County Museum which was founded in 1941 and serves more than 94,000 people each year. The museum is consistently recognized for providing some of the most outstanding educational programs in the state of California, such as Native American Life, and Frontier Life.

Buck Owens Boulevard

Formerly named Pierce Rd, it was renamed Buck Owens Boulevard in 1998 after country music legend Buck Owens. This area is located next to Highway 99, between Rosedale Highway/24th Street in Bakersfield, and Airport Drive in Oildale. It is the heart of the Bakersfield's Country Music scene. The main attractions are the Bakersfield sign (formerly located at intersection of California and Union Ave.) and the Buck Owens Crystal Palace night club, museum, and restaurant. It is also located near Bakersfield Beach Park and the locally famous truck stop restaurant Zingo's Cafe.

Westchester

The Westchester district is just north of Downtown Bakersfield. It is bounded by Highway 99 to the West, 24th street to the south, Chester Ave. to the east, and the Kern River, across from Oildale, to the north. Westchester is a mostly residential neighborhood. The neighborhood is known for large shady trees and historic homes built between the 1900s and 1950s. Main points of interest include the Kern County Museum, Sam Lynn Ballpark, and the Garces circle.

Stockdale

Stockdale

The Stockdale district is bounded roughly by Ming Avenue to the south, California Avenue to the East, the Kern River to the north, and Coffee Road to the West. Stockdale is a mix of middle-to-upper class residential, retail and offices and is home to Stockdale Country Club. Neighborhoods here include Amberton, Westwood, Stockdale Estates, Old Stockdale (which some realtors have renamed "Olde Stockdale"), Los Portales, Quailwood, Park Stockdale and Westpark. This area has four major commercial streets – California Avenue, Truxtun Avenue, and Stockdale Highway. Notable points of interest include Truxtun Lake, the Kern River Parkway, and the Stockdale Tower. California Avenue is home to many office buildings, a mini financial district and regional offices for many oil companies. The Stockdale Tower, standing at 12 stories and 175 feet (53 m) tall, was built in the early 1980s and is the tallest building in Kern County. The Valley Plaza Mall, Bakersfield's largest mall, is located in this area.

Southwest Bakersfield

Gosford

Southwest Bakersfield is Bakersfield's most populated part of town in terms of residents and neighborhoods. This area was the primary location for growth in Bakersfield from the 1990s through the 2000s, when development began in the northwest and resumed in the northeast. Southwest Bakersfield is still growing rapidly today, and has had four high schools built in the area since 1990. Additionally, this area contains many master planned middle class neighborhoods such as Silvercreek, The Seasons, Laurelglen, Campus Park, Amberton, The Oaks, Stone Creek, and Tevis Ranch, as well as the upper class gated communities of Haggin Oaks, Seven Oaks, the Winter Ridge Estates, and the prestigious Cobblestone. California State University, Bakersfield is also located in the Southwest.

Kern City

Kern City

Kern City is located in Southwest Bakersfield across from West High School. The development was built in the 1960s by Del Webb at the same time he was building Sun City and is an enclave of mostly senior citizen residents.

Northwest Bakersfield

Rosedale

Northwest Bakersfield is located between the Bakersfield suburbs of Rosedale, Fruitvale, and Oildale. It has seen rapid growth over the last 15 years. It is home to the formerly rural Green Acres and recently built neighborhoods such as Riverlakes Ranch, Madison Grove and Brimhall. Northwest Bakersfield has one major shopping center, the Northwest Promenade. This area is known for traffic congestion with few east-west and north-south arterials connecting to the rest of the Bakersfield Metropolitan Area. 7th Standard Road (now known as Merle Haggard Drive) and Olive Drive connect northwest Bakersfield to Oildale, while only Rosedale Highway connects Rosedale to downtown Bakersfield in the east-west direction. Only two roads (Coffee Rd. and Calloway Drive) connect Northwest Bakersfield to Southwest Bakersfield in a north-south direction.

Rio Bravo

Rio Bravo

The Rio Bravo area is located east of northeast Bakersfield, in the foothills. It is largely rural and unpopulated, but is currently seeing rapid growth and development with Bakersfield's City in the Hills project. Points of interest include Hart Memorial Park (named after former Kern County Supervisor John O. Hart), Lake Ming, the Rio Bravo Country Club, the California Animal Living Museum (CALM Zoo), and the Kern County Soccer Park. Rio Bravo is also the former home of Mesa Marin Raceway, before its demolition.

Northeast Bakersfield

Northeast Bakersfield is bounded by University Avenue to the south, Union Avenue to the west, the Panorama bluffs to the north, and Fairfax to the east. Northeast Bakersfield has both large Latino and Caucasian populations. Northeast Bakersfield, along with Westchester and Rio Bravo, is home to some of the wealthiest residents in Bakersfield (particularly The Bakersfield Country Club and homes lining the Panorama Bluffs). Yet, there is also a balanced mixture of middle and upper-lower class neighborhoods as well. It has one major shopping center, the East Hills Mall. Bakersfield's community college, Bakersfield College, is also located in Northeast Bakersfield. Unlike most of Bakersfield which sits on the flat valley floor, Northeast Bakersfield is situated along rolling hills that are about 300 feet (91 m) higher in elevation than the rest of the city. The Panorama Bluffs provide views of the Kern River oilfields, Oildale and downtown Bakersfield. Although there aren't many, a few local restaurants can be found in Northeast Bakersfield as well.

Old Town Kern

Old Town Kern is located primarily around Baker Street, near the former town of Sumner. It has a large homeless population, and is currently under gentrification. This district is home to many Basque cuisine restaurants.

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Education

CSUB's Walter Stiern Library

Bakersfield College

Two of the earliest schools founded in Kern County were Mrs. Thomas Baker's school, opened in 1863 at the Baker home (near present-day 19th and N Streets); and a Catholic parochial school opened by Reverend Father Daniel Dade in 1865 in Havilah (then the county seat). In 1880, Norris School was established. The land for this school was donated by William Norris, a local farmer. Thirteen to twenty students were taught in its one classroom during the 1880s. Bakersfield City School District (BCSD), is the state's largest elementary school district. The first high school in Bakersfield, Kern County Union High School, opened in 1893. It was renamed Bakersfield High School after World War II.

The site at California Avenue and F Street is the location of the first campus of Bakersfield College, which was established in 1913 and relocated in 1956 to its current location overlooking the Panorama Bluffs in northeast Bakersfield. Bakersfield College has an enrollment of 16,000 students. To serve a growing baby-boomer population after World War II, the Kern High School District has steadily expanded to nineteen campuses and more than 35,000 students, making it the largest high school district in the state. In 1965, a university in the California State University system was founded in Bakersfield. California State University, Bakersfield (CSUB) has approximately 7,800 students. It was an NCAA Division II sports powerhouse in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) with some sports, including wrestling (PAC-10), competing in Division I. CSUB has become a Division I athletic school and is trying to begin the process of joining the Big West Conference . In 1982, Santa Barbara Business College was founded.

According to a March 2006 study by the Taubman Center for State and Local Government of Harvard University, the Bakersfield metropolitan area is one of the lowest college-educated communities in the nation. Calculated using 2000 US Census figures, the study shows that only 13.5% of adults in the Bakersfield area have a bachelor's degree or higher. This contrasts sharply with the state and the national figures of 26% and 24%, respectively (citation needed).

High Schools

Bakersfield, CA is part of the Kern High School District. There are 15 high schools within the KHSD in Bakersfield. The names of these schools are: Bakersfield High School, Centennial High School, East Bakersfield High School, Foothill High School, Frontier High School, Golden Valley High School, Highland High School, Independence High School, Liberty High School, Mira Monte High School, North High School, Ridgeview High School, South High School, Stockdale High School and West High School. Private high schools include Bakersfield Christian High School, Garces Memorial High School and Lighthouse Christian school (non-accredited).

Housing and development

Bakersfield city limits continue to expand due to a "hopscotch" pattern of housing development. Westward annexation, which could eventually subsume the area between the base of the Sierra Nevada range and the Temblor Range, has led some planners to consider incorporating a new city to govern the area of rapid growth to the west of the city.

The city of Shafter, a small farming town north of Bakersfield, has filed a suit to limit the northern expansion of Bakersfield's limits. Shafter has also annexed large pieces of farmland to its east and south to ensure that Bakersfield does not envelop its southern area.

The large bluff and plateau which lie east of Bakersfield—toward the Rio Bravo and Kern Canyon area—have been under development for the last sixty years. Because the steep, north-facing edge of the bluff provides a view of the foothills, mountains, oil fields, and Kern River, the city government has attempted to balance development and preservation in this area. In addition, city leaders recognize the possibility that extensive development may lead to erosion and landslides. It's estimated by local officials that Bakersfield and its outlying suburbs will reach populations over one million people by 2020.

Transportation

Highways

Bakersfield is currently serviced by three freeways. State Route 99 bisects Bakersfield from north to south, while State Route 58 exists as a freeway east of SR 99, servicing the southeast part of the city and extending over the Tehachapi mountains to Tehachapi, Mojave, and Barstow. State Route 178 consists of a short segment of freeway that runs from a point near downtown to the northeastern part of the city, although there is currently no direct freeway connection between SR 99 and SR 178.

Bakersfield is the second-largest city in the U.S. (behind Fresno) that is not directly linked to an Interstate highway.

Though interest in extending Interstate 40 to Bakersfield has increased in recent years, lack of funding has prevented the proposed extension of I-40 to a neighboring city, San Luis Obispo.

Currently, plans for freeway alignments to the metropolitan Bakersfield area include three east-west connections on the northern, central, and southern parts of town. These connections would link Highways 58 and 178, the future downtown Centennial Corridor, and the future Kern River Westside Parkway to one another or to State Route 99. In addition, a north-south extension west of Rosedale would connect the southern, central, and northern alignments.

Another plan proposes a link between the northern east-west alignment along 7th Standard Road and Interstate 5. This new connection would be designated Highway 58. Congressional funding has been secured for this 25–35 year project; construction is scheduled to begin by 2010.

Another proposal would upgrade and re-designate State Route 99 as an Interstate highway to be named Interstate 9.

Rail

The Bakersfield Station, opened in 2000, provides Amtrak California passenger and Amtrak Express freight rail service to the city. Previously, Bakersfield had been served by an older depot built in the 1970s.

Airport

Meadows Field Airport is an airport in Bakersfield that offers passenger service. It services as a major passenger airport for the whole Kern County area.

Culture

Many of Bakersfield's oldest and most historic restaurants are Basque, including Woolgrowers, Maitia's, Noriega's, Pyrenees, Sandrini's, Benji's, and Narducci's.

The Kern County Museum, located on Chester Avenue just north of downtown Bakersfield, boasts an extensive collection of regional artifacts. Permanent exhibits include: "Black Gold: The Oil Experience", a hands-on modern approach at showing how oil is mined; and "The Lori Brock Children's Discovery Museum", a hands-on children's museum and a display on the influential "Bakersfield Sound" style of country music.

Events

Bakersfield hosts horse shows all year round ranging from local, 4h, and breed shows.

Every Spring, Bakersfield hosts one of California's Scottish Games and Clan Gathering. In the late summer, the local St. George's Greek Orthodox Church hosts an annual Greek Festival.

Memorial Day weekend is host to the Kern County Basque Festival, sponsored by the Kern County Basque Club. This 3 day festival features food, music, dance, and handball games.

In March, Auto Club Famoso Raceway holds the annual March Meet nostalgia drag racing event. The event dates back to the U.S. Fuel and Gas Finals held in March 1959.

Twice a year, the CSUB Indigenous Native American Club hosts a Native Gathering on the California State University Bakersfield campus at Runner Park.

In the fall, Bakersfield hosts the annual Kern County Fair, which showcases much of the area's agriculture as well as putting on entertaining concerts and hosting a small carnival.

Each year Bakersfield hosts a political conference known as the Bakersfield Business Conference. Since 1985 this conference has grown in attendance and as of 2007 the attendance numbered over 9,000. The Conference has had several notable political speakers to include Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter, Gerald Ford, George Bush, Margaret Thatcher, Neil Armstrong, Norman Schwarzkopf, Colin Powell, Mike Wallace, Dan Rather, Tom Brokaw, Rush Limbaugh and Paul Harvey.

Music

Country

In the 1950s and -60s, local musicians such as Bill Woods, Tommy Collins, Buck Owens, Merle Haggard, and Wynn Stewart developed a streamlined country music style called the Bakersfield sound, which emphasized pedal steel guitar, the Fender Telecaster electric guitar and intense vocals. Bakersfield country was considered a spinoff of the honky-tonk style of country music that emerged from Texas, appropriate since many musicians there hailed from either Texas or surrounding states. Today, Bakersfield is third only to Nashville, Tennessee and Texas in country music fame, and Bakersfield continues to produce famous country music artists. The late Buck Owens' Crystal Palace is a respected concert venue, regularly featuring new recording artists as well as established country music stars. Buddy Alan (Buck's eldest son) performs with The Buckaroos (Doyle Curtsinger, Jim Shaw, Terry Christoffersen and David Wulfekuehler) regularly. Country music artist Gary Allan bases his music on the Bakersfield sound.

Rock

In 1978, The Rolling Stones released the song "Far Away Eyes" on the album Some Girls. Mick Jagger and Keith Richards collaborated extensively on writing the song and it was recorded in late 1977. The Rolling Stones, longtime country music fans, incorporated many aspects of Bakersfield sound country music into this song. Bakersfield is mentioned in the first line of the song.

I was driving home early Sunday morning through Bakersfield
Listening to gospel music on the colored radio station

In the early 90's, a group of friends from the lower-middle-class parts of East Bakersfield formed the band Korn. The members of the band attended Highland High School (Jonathon Davis), East Bakersfield High School (Reginald "Fieldy" Arvizu and former lead guitarist Brian "Head" Welch), and South High School (James "Munky" Shaffer). Korn's former drummer, David Silveria, is from San Leandro. They quickly became innovators in the alternative metal genre by employing low-tuned 7-string guitars, along with low bass lines influenced by funk and hip-hop music. This sound later characterized the nu metal genre. Korn have sold 30 million albums worldwide, and were given the Keys to the city.

Gospel

In 1974 Southern Gospel artist The Lighthouse Boys was formed.

Pete Prevost joined Sparrow Records rock band Sanctus Real in 2006.

Sports and recreation

Bakersfield is home to a large population of off-highway vehicle (OHV) enthusiasts. As of May 2001, over 18,000 OHVs were registered in Kern County. On May 26, 2005, the City of Bakersfield and the State of California Parks department obtained an assignable option, using a grant from the OHV Trust funds, to purchase a prospective 11,000 acre (45 km²) site for an OHV park. Ruth Coleman, Director of California State Parks, remarked, "This project responds to the needs of the Bakersfield community for increased recreation opportunities and will provide a cornerstone for the Central Valley Strategy." Several programs, including National 4-H and California Off-Road PALS, exist to train youth in proper OHV recreation.

Bakersfield also hosts various amateur sporting events, including shooting, cycling, boat drag, rugby, water skiing, soccer, youth baseball, tennis, horseshoes, and volleyball competitions. Other recreational opportunities include whitewater rafting, rock climbing, mountain biking, and skiing in the southern Sierras.

Bakersfield was recently rated the #1 most unhealthy city for women in the United States by Women's Health Magazine in Dec. 2008, and #96 of 100 for men, citing very poor air quality, and "other social factors", presumably alluding to high rates of substance abuse, obesity, unemployment and exposure to industrial chemicals in the workplace.

The Bakersfield Racquet Club was the site of the Davis Cup tennis match in 1965.

Venues

The city's major civic center, the Rabobank Arena (formerly known as Cenntennial Garden) in downtown Bakersfield, is home to the Bakersfield Jam; a NBA Developmental League team, and the Bakersfield Condors; an ECHL AA-level hockey team,who are now affiliated with the Anaheim Ducks. In addition, the arena hosts basketball teams of CSU Bakersfield, the California State High School Wrestling Championships, sporting, and entertainment conventions. The Bakersfield Blitz; a former af2 team, also played at Rabobank Arena. The 2009 CSUB Roadrunners baseball team launched their inaugural season, playing their home games in the new Hardt Field on the Cal State Bakersfield campus.

Historic Sam Lynn Ballpark plays host to the city's minor league baseball team, the Blaze, along with local high school baseball tournaments, is located in the northern downtown area. Built in 1941, it is the oldest stadium in the California League and is the only remaining professional baseball stadium in the United States that faces west.

Other arenas include the McMurtrey Aquatic Center, which includes an Olympic-sized swimming pool that hosts high-school events, a recreational pool with two waterslides, a smaller "child safe" pool, lockers, showers, and much more. The Ice Sports center hosts youth hockey. The Kern County Soccer Park is the largest soccer facility in California.

Bakersfield has been a stop for the Ben Hogan Tour and Nike Tour. It also hosts PGA Tour qualifying events and NCAA Division II regionals and tournaments. Courses include the private Seven Oaks Country Club, the Bakersfield Country Club, the Rio Bravo Country Club and the public River Lakes Golf Club.

Fox Theater is a restored movie theater. It hosts movies, concerts and entertainers.

Bakersfield currently has three movie theatres: Edwards Cinemas Bakersfield Stadium 14 and United Artist East Hills Mall 10 (both apart of Regal Entertainment Group), and Reading Cinemas Valley Plaza 16, the only megaplex in Bakersfield.

The Dome, a small building formerly known as Strongbow Stadium, hosts a number of different events including concerts, boxing, kickboxing, and professional wrestling.

Football

Football is the most popular sport in Bakersfield. The Bakersfield High School team has won more total games, sections, and state titles than any other California school and the Bakersfield College team has won four national championships. In addition, several notable NFL athletes first played football at one of the seventeen Bakersfield-area high schools (see listing below). The Bakersfield High School Driller football team attracts huge crowds at every game. In film, the movie The Best of Times was based loosely on an old rivalry between Bakersfield High and Taft High.

Motor sports

Bakersfield is the home of several motor sports venues. The Bakersfield Speedway is a ⅓-mile (500m) banked clay oval track. It hosts weekly Saturday-night racing, most notably the World of Outlaws. The Bakersfield Speedway is currently attempting to become a more nationally significant track by hosting races that feature out-of-state drivers.

After the destruction of the Mesa Marin Raceway, a new track, formerly known as Kern County's New Home to NASCAR, and now known as the Kern River Speedway was approved for construction by the Kern County Board of Supervisors in December, 2006. The track will be built west of Bakersfield, at the Interstate 5/Highway 43 (Enos Lane) interchange near the Kern River, on what is now an almond orchard. Current designs indicate a ½-mile (800m), high-banked tri-oval, similar to its predecessor, which will allow speeds over 140 mph (230 km/h). The track is set to open for the 2008 racing season and will host local racing events, a popular high school racing series, and the NASCAR Grand National Division, AutoZone West Series events. Construction has halted due to the falling out of California's real estate market that the track financiers were depending on to sell land to fund the construction of the track. The track lies in a state of flux half built with creditors unpayed. A time of finishing is yet to be set but will likely take a few more years due to the current financial situation in California and the U.S.

Famoso Raceway is a drag racing track north of Bakersfield. Each Spring, they host an event called the March Meet. The initial March Meet was started by the car club The Bakersfield Smokers, in 1959, and included the legendary Swamp Rat machine driven by "Big Daddy" Don Garlits. This event, which originally gave legitimacy to the NHRA, is now a nostalgic drag racing event held every March and operated by the track. In the fall of each year, Auto Club Famoso Raceway also hosts the California Hot Rod Reunion, a gathering of street rodders, drag racers and auto enthusiasts.

Sports

Note: Bakersfield had an Arena Football team in the af2 league in the 2000s, but has folded operations.

Club	League	Venue	Established	Championships
Bakersfield Blaze	CAL, Baseball	Sam Lynn Ballpark	1941	2
Bakersfield Condors	ECHL, Ice hockey	Rabobank Arena	1995	0
Bakersfield Jam	D-League, Basketball	Rabobank Arena	2003	1
Bakersfield Brigade	PDL, Soccer	Bakersfield Christian High School	2005	0

Notable residents and former residents

Law and politics

• General Edward Fitzgerald Beale - Superintendent of Indian Affairs for California and Nevada (1850s), Surveyor General of California and Nevada (1860s) U.S. Ambassador to Austria-Hungary (1870s) and founder of Tejon Ranch.

• Joe Shell – Intraparty rival of Richard M. Nixon in the 1962 Republican gubernatorial primary; husband of Mary K. Shell

• Mary K. Shell – first woman mayor of Bakersfield, 1981-1985, member of the Kern County Board of Supervisors (1985-1997); Republican activist

• Earl Warren - Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, former governor of California

Science and medicine

• Hans Einstein, the foremost authority on Valley Fever

Arts and entertainment

• Adema - Rock band
• Noah Beery - Actor
• Big Poppa E - slam poet
• Robert Beltran - Actor
• RIOT! - Rock band
• Justin Berry - Public speaker and former teenage webcam pornographer
• Frank Bidart - Award-winning poet
• James Chapman - Novelist and publisher
• Brandon Cruz - Punk musician and former child actor
• Ric Drasin - Actor, author, designer of the Gold's Gym and World Gym logos, and retired professional wrestler
• Jeff Duran - Radio personality and comedian who worked at KKXX-FM from 2002-2004
• Dave Ellis - World-renown percussionist/ Former soloist for the Musical BLAST
• Kelli Garner - Actress
• Merle Haggard - Country Music Hall of Fame inductee
• Gerald Haslam - Author and poet
• Gabriel Iglesias - Comedian
• Korn (Jonathan Davis, Reginald "Fieldy" Arvizu, James "Munky" Shaffer, David Silveria, Brian "Head" Welch) - Grammy Award-winning metal band
• Dalene Kurtis - American model, famous for being Playmate of the Year.
• Michael Lockwood - Guitarist and music producer
• Buck Owens - Country-western singer
• Pete Prevost — guitarist for rock band Sanctus Real
• Prussian Blue - White Nationalist duo; used to live in Bakersfield
• Lawrence Tibbett - Lead baritone of the New York Metropolitan Opera
• Brian Hooks - actor "Soul Plane, Three Strikes"

Sports

Baseball

• Larry Barnes - California Angels First baseman (2001 and 2003)
• Johnny Callison - Philadelphia Phillies Right fielder (1960s)
• Phil Dumatrait - Pittsburgh Pirates pitcher, first-round draft pick
• Colby Lewis - Oakland A's pitcher, first-round draft pick
• William "Buckshot" May - Pittsburgh Pirates pitcher (1924)
• Dave Rader - catcher (1970s)
• Todd Walker - second baseman (1996-2007)
• Jake Woods - Seattle Mariners pitcher

Basketball

• Nikki Blue - Washington Mystics guard (WNBA)
• Chris Childs - NBA guard
• Lonnie Shelton - Seattle SuperSonics all-star
• Robert Swift - Oklahoma City Thunder center
• J. R. Sakuragi aka J.R. Henderson - Memphis Grizzlies

American football

• Vernon Burke - split end (1960s)
• Jeff Buckey - Stanford University, Miami Dolphins, Browns, 49ers, San Francisco Demons
• David Carr - quarterback, first overall draft pick (Houston Texans), currently plays for the New York Giants.
• Frank Gifford - Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee
• Cory Hall - Washington Redskins safety
• Rodney Leslie - New Orleans Saints defensive tackle
• Brock Marion - Dallas Cowboys Super Bowl champion player
• Stephen Neal - New England Patriots lineman, Super Bowl champion player, former U.S. Olympic wrestler and World championship gold medalist.
• Joey Porter - Pittsburgh Steelers All-Pro outside linebacker, Pro Bowl selectee, and Super Bowl champion (2006). Recently signed with the Miami Dolphins.
• Rocky Rasley - Former guard
• L.J. Shelton - Miami Dolphins Starting lineman
• Jeff Siemon - Minnesota Vikings Pro Bowl linebacker (1972-1983), inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2006.
• Jeremy Staat - Former Pittsburgh Steelers defensive lineman
• Michael Stewart - Former Strong Safety for the Miami Dolphins
• Louis Wright - defensive back, NFL 1970's all-decade team
• Brent McClanahan - Minnesota Vikings

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References to Bakersfield

Literature

• Daughter! I Forbid Your Recurring Dream! by James Chapman
• The Regulators by Richard Bachman
• World War Z by Max Brooks
• Factotum by Charles Bukowski
• Dear Mr. Henshaw by Beverley Cleary
• On The Road by Jack Kerouac
• Desperation by Stephen King
• Misery by Stephen King
• Rose Madder by Stephen King

• Where the Heart Is by Billie Letts
• Esperanza Rising by Pam Munoz Ryan
• Lucifer's Hammer by Larry Niven
• Daddy by Danielle Steele
• The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck
• The Onion Field by Joseph Wambaugh
• Paint It Black by Janet Fitch
• Jarhead by Anthony Swofford

Music

• "Bakersfield" - A song by Social Distortion made in and about Bakersfield.
• "Streets of Bakersfield" - A song by Buck Owens made in and about Bakersfield.
• "Mexicali Blues" - A song by Grateful Dead.
• "Leaving Jesusland" & "Instant Crassic" - Two songs by NOFX which mention Bakersfield.
• "I Wish I Could See Bakersfield" - A song by Craig Morgan.
• "Unfair" - A song by Pavement mentions Bakersfield trash at end of song.
• "I've Been Everywhere" - A song by Johnny Cash which mentions Bakersfield.
• "Far Away Eyes" - A song by Rolling Stones, in which Mick Jagger whimsically sings of listening to the radio while driving through Bakersfield.
• "A Bar in Bakersfield" - A song by Bakersfield native-born Merle Haggard about a man "playing the guitar in a bar in Bakersfield".
• "Time to Bum Again" - A song by Waylon Jennings.
• "Playaz Club" - A song by Rappin' 4-Tay.

"Demon Speeding" - A song by Rob Zombie

Film and television

Many films and television shows are filmed in and around Bakersfield. This list represents a selection of those which feature specific references to the city.

Film

• In Airplane II: The Sequel, Controller Jacobs (Stephen Stucker) makes reference to places where he traveled to, and says "Then we went to Bakersfield, then we went to Fresno, but no one goes to Fresno anymore."
• In Alpha Dog, Bakersfield is mentioned toward the end of the film.
• In Cast Away, a port-o-potty with "Bakersfield" marked on one side washes up on the beach.
• In Every Which Way But Loose, Clint Eastwood's character sneaks his pet orangutan into the fictional Bakersfield Zoo. Also, several scenes were shot in Bakersfield, including views of the famous Bakersfield sign.
• In Fearless, a plane crashes in a cornfield outside Bakersfield. The film also features the now-defunct Golden Empire Ambulance service.
• In Five Easy Pieces, Jack Nicholson is seen walking through downtown Bakersfield. Other scenes were filmed near Taft and Wasco, despite the fact that the film is set in Oklahoma.
• In Lucky You, Drew Barrymore's character is from Bakersfield.
• In Misery, Kathy Bates's character Annie Wilkes mentions growing up in Bakersfield.
• In Short Circuit, the character Ben Jabituya mentions he is originally from Bakersfield.
• In Smile, one of the beauty pageant contestants is from Bakersfield.
• In Sunset Boulevard, Gloria Swanson's character Norma Desmond mentions she has oil in Bakersfield.
• In The Best of Times, the Taft high school football team plays against the Bakersfield High School football team, 13 years after a 0-0 tie.
• In The Cell, the equipment used by the serial killer has a plate stamped "Made in Bakersfield."
• In The Running Man, Ben Richards (played by Arnold Schwarzenegger) is referred to as "The Butcher of Bakersfield."
• In There Will Be Blood, reference is made to Bakersfield. The story was based on the early days of the Oil industry in the area.
• In View from the Top, Gwyneth Paltrow's character mentions the routes of the flights for the airline she is applying to and at her job interview she claims that they stop once a week to Bakersfield.

Television

• 24 - On Day 2, George Mason plans to escape the blast radius of an atomic bomb set to go off in Los Angeles by going to Bakersfield.
• Bakersfield P.D. - A situation comedy about Bakersfield police officers.
• Brothers & Sisters - Episode 45 (S3E6) is titled "Bakersfield".
• Catscratch - In one episode, there is a race called "The Bakersfield 500".
• Clueless - In the episodes "Bakersfield Blues" and "Back From Bakersfield", the main character and her father move to Bakersfield.
• Columbo - In the episode "Swan Song", fictional country singer Tommy Brown (played by Johnny Cash) plays a concert in Bakersfield before staging a fatal plane crash killing his wife.
• Friends - During the episode "The One with Chandler's Dad", Bakersfield is mentioned in a joke while Chandler and Monica go to Las Vegas to tell Chandler's father about their marriage.
• George Lopez - Ernie says he has to go visit his relatives in Bakersfield.
• Johnny Bravo - In the Christmas episode guest starring Donny Osmond, Johnny wants to mail a letter to Santa Claus and the postal worker mentions that the post office's range of operations spans "from Bakersfield to Borneo."
• Last Comic Standing - On the August 17, 2007 episode, comedian Doug Benson made a religious reference to Bakersfield as being "hell" in his head-to-head comedic performance.
• Sons Of Anarchy - In the episode "Better Half" a club member mentions that he has a sick mother living in Bakersfield.
• South Of Nowhere - In the episode "Spencer's New Girlfriend", Carmen (Brooke Vallone) talks about Bakersfield being the worst place she has lived in.
• The Big Bang Theory - In episode 25, Howard sarcastically states that he got a Mars rover stuck in a ditch just outside of Bakersfield.
• The Fall Guy - In one episode, the lead character (played by Lee Majors) tracks a villain to Bakersfield.
• The Shield - Near the end of Season 3, members of the Strike team try to move cash from a robbery to a storage shed in Bakersfield.
• The Simpsons - The episode "Take My Wife, Sleaze" features the Hell's Satans, a fictional biker gang from Bakersfield.
• Wheel of Fortune - "Bakersfield California" was the subject of one of the puzzles.

Video games

• In the Dreamcast and PS2 game Headhunter, the city is fictionalized as "Quakersfield."
• In the CRPG Fallout: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game, the ruins of Bakersfield, called Necropolis, are inhabited by "ghouls", human beings who have been horribly mutated by radiation.

Radio

• In the popular radio drama Adventures in Odyssey, Eugene's originally planned destination, in Wish You Were Here, is Bakersfield.
• On the radio show Loveline, Stryker jokingly mentions Bakersfield as a place to take a terrible, cheap vacation.
• Also on Loveline, Adam Carolla constantly refers to Bakersfield as a "dump".

Musicals

• In the Off-Broadway show Altar Boyz, Juan learns that his parents are in Bakersfield.
• In the jukebox musical "Skasical!", which features songs by various Southern California ska bands, the main character notes that he hasn't seen his ex-girlfriend "since high school in Bakersfield". A recurring gag is no one knowing where it is when he talks about it.

Sister cities

Bakersfield has five sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI):

• Bucheon, South Korea
• Minsk, Belarus
• Wakayama, Japan
• Cixi, China
• Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico

See also

• Bakersfield Police Department
• Bakersfield Fire Department
• Bakersfield High School
• Bakersfield College
• California State University, Bakersfield
• Meadows Field (Airport)
• Kern County

References

• Local History and Culture of Bakersfield section of thescoopbakersfield.com
• Local History section on NewToBakersfield.com

External links

• City of Bakersfield Official Website
• Convention & Visitors Bureau
• Bakersfield Downtown Business and Property Owner's Association
• Template:Dmoz