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'''Hip hop's "golden age"''' is a name given to a period in mainstream [[hip hop music|hip hop]]—usually cited as late 1980s—said to be characterized by its diversity, quality, innovation and influence.<ref>Jon Caramanica, [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/26/arts/music/26jon.html "Hip-Hop's Raiders of the Lost Archives"], ''New York Times'', June 26 2005. <br>Cheo H. Coker, [http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/slickrick/albums/album/103326/review/5945316/behind_bars"Slick Rick: Behind Bars"], ''Rolling Stone'', March 9 1995. <br>Lonnae O'Neal Parker, [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-735764.html "U-Md. Senior Aaron McGruder's Edgy Hip-Hop Comic Gets Raves, but No Takers"], ''Washington Post'', Aug 20 1997.</ref><ref>Jake Coyle of Associated Press, [http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2005-06-19-spin-top-cd_x.htm "Spin magazine picks Radiohead CD as best"], published in ''USA Today'', June 19 2005. <br>Cheo H. Coker, [http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/slickrick/albums/album/103326/review/5945316/behind_bars"Slick Rick: Behind Bars"], ''Rolling Stone'', March 9 1995. <br>Andrew Drever, [http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/10/22/1066631489557.html?from=storyrhs"Jungle Brothers still untamed"], ''The Age'' [Australia], October 24 2003. </ref> There were strong themes of [[Afrocentricity]] and political militancy, while the music was experimental and the [[Sampling (music)|sampling]] was eclectic.<ref>Roni Sariq, [http://citypages.com/databank/18/854/article3420.asp "Crazy Wisdom Masters"], ''City Pages'', April 16 1997. <br>Scott Thill, [http://www.alternet.org/mediaculture/21943?page=1 "Whiteness Visible"] AlterNet, May 6 2005. <br>Will Hodgkinson, [http://arts.guardian.co.uk/homeentertainment/story/0,12830,1044954,00.html "Adventures on the wheels of steel"], ''The Guardian'', September 19 2003. </ref> The artists most often associated with the phase include [[Public Enemy (band)|Public Enemy]], [[KRS-One]] and his [[Boogie Down Productions]], [[Eric B. & Rakim]], [[De La Soul]], [[A Tribe Called Quest]], and the [[Jungle Brothers]].<ref>Per Coker, Hodgkinson, Drever, Thill, O'Neal Parker and Sariq above. Additionally: <br>Cheo H. Coker, [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/114772/review/5944793 "KRS-One: Krs-One"], ''Rolling Stone'', November 16, 1995. <br>Andrew Pettie, [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2005/08/11/bmchuck11.xml&sSheet=/arts/2005/08/11/ixartleft.html "'Where rap went wrong'"], ''Daily Telegraph'', August 11 2005. <br>Mosi Reeves, [http://www.villagevoice.com/music/0205,reeves,31875,22.html"Easy-Chair Rap"], ''Village Voice'', January 29th 2002. <br>Greg Kot, [http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/81448011.html?dids=81448011 "Hip-Hop Below the Mainstream"], Los Angeles Times, September 19 2001. <br>Cheo Hodari Coker, [http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/16659783.html?dids=16659783 "'It's a Beautiful Feeling'"], ''Los Angeles Times'', August 11 1996. <br> Scott Mervis, [http://www.post-gazette.com/ae/20040215rap0215aep1.asp "From Kool Herc to 50 Cent, the story of rap -- so far"], ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', February 15 2004.</ref> Releases by these acts co-existed in this period with those of [[gangsta rap]] artists [[Schoolly D]] and [[N.W.A]], the sex raps of [[2 Live Crew]], and party-oriented music by acts such as [[Kid 'n Play]], [[Heavy D]], and [[DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince]].<ref>Bakari Kitwana,[http://www.villagevoice.com/music/0526,kitwana,65332,22.html/full "The Cotton Club"], ''Village Voice'', June 21 2005.</ref>
'''Hip hop's "golden age"''' is a name given to a period in mainstream [[hip hop music|hip hop]]—usually cited as late 1980s to early 90s—said to be characterized by its diversity, quality, innovation and influence.<ref>Jon Caramanica, [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/26/arts/music/26jon.html "Hip-Hop's Raiders of the Lost Archives"], ''New York Times'', June 26 2005. <br>Cheo H. Coker, [http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/slickrick/albums/album/103326/review/5945316/behind_bars"Slick Rick: Behind Bars"], ''Rolling Stone'', March 9 1995. <br>Lonnae O'Neal Parker, [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-735764.html "U-Md. Senior Aaron McGruder's Edgy Hip-Hop Comic Gets Raves, but No Takers"], ''Washington Post'', Aug 20 1997.</ref><ref>Jake Coyle of Associated Press, [http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2005-06-19-spin-top-cd_x.htm "Spin magazine picks Radiohead CD as best"], published in ''USA Today'', June 19 2005. <br>Cheo H. Coker, [http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/slickrick/albums/album/103326/review/5945316/behind_bars"Slick Rick: Behind Bars"], ''Rolling Stone'', March 9 1995. <br>Andrew Drever, [http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/10/22/1066631489557.html?from=storyrhs"Jungle Brothers still untamed"], ''The Age'' [Australia], October 24 2003. </ref> There were strong themes of [[Afrocentricity]] and political militancy, while the music was experimental and the [[Sampling (music)|sampling]] was eclectic.<ref>Roni Sariq, [http://citypages.com/databank/18/854/article3420.asp "Crazy Wisdom Masters"], ''City Pages'', April 16 1997. <br>Scott Thill, [http://www.alternet.org/mediaculture/21943?page=1 "Whiteness Visible"] AlterNet, May 6 2005. <br>Will Hodgkinson, [http://arts.guardian.co.uk/homeentertainment/story/0,12830,1044954,00.html "Adventures on the wheels of steel"], ''The Guardian'', September 19 2003. </ref> The artists most often associated with the phase include [[Public Enemy (band)|Public Enemy]], [[KRS-One]] and his [[Boogie Down Productions]], [[Eric B. & Rakim]], [[De La Soul]], [[A Tribe Called Quest]], and the [[Jungle Brothers]].<ref>Per Coker, Hodgkinson, Drever, Thill, O'Neal Parker and Sariq above. Additionally: <br>Cheo H. Coker, [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/114772/review/5944793 "KRS-One: Krs-One"], ''Rolling Stone'', November 16, 1995. <br>Andrew Pettie, [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2005/08/11/bmchuck11.xml&sSheet=/arts/2005/08/11/ixartleft.html "'Where rap went wrong'"], ''Daily Telegraph'', August 11 2005. <br>Mosi Reeves, [http://www.villagevoice.com/music/0205,reeves,31875,22.html"Easy-Chair Rap"], ''Village Voice'', January 29th 2002. <br>Greg Kot, [http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/81448011.html?dids=81448011 "Hip-Hop Below the Mainstream"], Los Angeles Times, September 19 2001. <br>Cheo Hodari Coker, [http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/16659783.html?dids=16659783 "'It's a Beautiful Feeling'"], ''Los Angeles Times'', August 11 1996. <br> Scott Mervis, [http://www.post-gazette.com/ae/20040215rap0215aep1.asp "From Kool Herc to 50 Cent, the story of rap -- so far"], ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', February 15 2004.</ref> Releases by these acts co-existed in this period with those of [[gangsta rap]] artists [[Schoolly D]] and [[N.W.A]], the sex raps of [[2 Live Crew]], and party-oriented music by acts such as [[Kid 'n Play]], [[Heavy D]], and [[DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince]].<ref>Bakari Kitwana,[http://www.villagevoice.com/music/0526,kitwana,65332,22.html/full "The Cotton Club"], ''Village Voice'', June 21 2005.</ref>


Some writers, such as Tony Green, have referenced the two year period 1993–1994 as "a second Golden Age" that saw influential, high quality albums using elements of past classicism—[[E-mu SP-1200]] drum sounds, turntable scratches, references to [[old school hip hop]] hits, and "tongue-twisting triplet verbalisms"—while making clear that new directions were being taken. Green lists ''[[Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)]]'', ''[[Illmatic]]'', ''[[Buhloone Mindstate]]'', ''[[Doggystyle]]'', ''[[Midnight Marauders]]'' and ''[[Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik]]'' as releases of this ilk.<ref>Green, Tony, in Wang, Oliver (ed.) ''Classic Material'', Toronto: ECW Press, 2003. (p. 132)</ref>
Some writers, such as Tony Green, have referenced the two year period 1993–1994 as "a second Golden Age" that saw influential, high quality albums using elements of past classicism—[[E-mu SP-1200]] drum sounds, turntable scratches, references to [[old school hip hop]] hits, and "tongue-twisting triplet verbalisms"—while making clear that new directions were being taken. Green lists ''[[Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)]]'', ''[[Illmatic]]'', ''[[Buhloone Mindstate]]'', ''[[Doggystyle]]'', ''[[Midnight Marauders]]'' and ''[[Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik]]'' as releases of this ilk.<ref>Green, Tony, in Wang, Oliver (ed.) ''Classic Material'', Toronto: ECW Press, 2003. (p. 132)</ref>

Revision as of 01:23, 5 April 2009

Hip hop's "golden age" is a name given to a period in mainstream hip hop—usually cited as late 1980s to early 90s—said to be characterized by its diversity, quality, innovation and influence.[1][2] There were strong themes of Afrocentricity and political militancy, while the music was experimental and the sampling was eclectic.[3] The artists most often associated with the phase include Public Enemy, KRS-One and his Boogie Down Productions, Eric B. & Rakim, De La Soul, A Tribe Called Quest, and the Jungle Brothers.[4] Releases by these acts co-existed in this period with those of gangsta rap artists Schoolly D and N.W.A, the sex raps of 2 Live Crew, and party-oriented music by acts such as Kid 'n Play, Heavy D, and DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince.[5]

Some writers, such as Tony Green, have referenced the two year period 1993–1994 as "a second Golden Age" that saw influential, high quality albums using elements of past classicism—E-mu SP-1200 drum sounds, turntable scratches, references to old school hip hop hits, and "tongue-twisting triplet verbalisms"—while making clear that new directions were being taken. Green lists Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers), Illmatic, Buhloone Mindstate, Doggystyle, Midnight Marauders and Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik as releases of this ilk.[6]

References

  1. ^ Jon Caramanica, "Hip-Hop's Raiders of the Lost Archives", New York Times, June 26 2005.
    Cheo H. Coker, "Slick Rick: Behind Bars", Rolling Stone, March 9 1995.
    Lonnae O'Neal Parker, "U-Md. Senior Aaron McGruder's Edgy Hip-Hop Comic Gets Raves, but No Takers", Washington Post, Aug 20 1997.
  2. ^ Jake Coyle of Associated Press, "Spin magazine picks Radiohead CD as best", published in USA Today, June 19 2005.
    Cheo H. Coker, "Slick Rick: Behind Bars", Rolling Stone, March 9 1995.
    Andrew Drever, "Jungle Brothers still untamed", The Age [Australia], October 24 2003.
  3. ^ Roni Sariq, "Crazy Wisdom Masters", City Pages, April 16 1997.
    Scott Thill, "Whiteness Visible" AlterNet, May 6 2005.
    Will Hodgkinson, "Adventures on the wheels of steel", The Guardian, September 19 2003.
  4. ^ Per Coker, Hodgkinson, Drever, Thill, O'Neal Parker and Sariq above. Additionally:
    Cheo H. Coker, "KRS-One: Krs-One", Rolling Stone, November 16, 1995.
    Andrew Pettie, "'Where rap went wrong'", Daily Telegraph, August 11 2005.
    Mosi Reeves, "Easy-Chair Rap", Village Voice, January 29th 2002.
    Greg Kot, "Hip-Hop Below the Mainstream", Los Angeles Times, September 19 2001.
    Cheo Hodari Coker, "'It's a Beautiful Feeling'", Los Angeles Times, August 11 1996.
    Scott Mervis, "From Kool Herc to 50 Cent, the story of rap -- so far", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, February 15 2004.
  5. ^ Bakari Kitwana,"The Cotton Club", Village Voice, June 21 2005.
  6. ^ Green, Tony, in Wang, Oliver (ed.) Classic Material, Toronto: ECW Press, 2003. (p. 132)
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