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'''al-Azhar mosque''' ({{lang-ar|جامع الأزهر}}) is a [[mosque]] in [[Islamic Cairo]], commissioned in 970 during the [[Fatimid Caliphate]] by [[Al-Muizz Lideenillah|al-Mu‘izz li Dīn Allāh]] in the newly established capital city.<ref name="islamic_arch">{{cite book|last=Behrens-Abouseif|first=Doris|title=Islamic Architecture in Cairo|publisher=Brill|edition=2|pages=xvii, 58-63|isbn=90-04-09626-4|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=INsmT6zjAl8C&pg=PA58|accessdate=2009-04-13}}</ref> It was the first mosque established in [[Cairo]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Rivoira|first=Giovanni Teresio|coauthors=Gordon McNeil Rushforth|title=Moslem architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=1918|pages=153|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4x8tAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA153}}</ref> and remains an influential institution in Egyptian society. Dedicated in 972, the mosque hired 35 scholars in 978,<ref name="islamic_arch" /> starting the oldest and most prestigious university in the Islamic world.<ref name="univ_hist">{{cite book|last=Summerfield |first=Carol|coauthors=Mary Devine, Anthony Levi|title=International Dictionary of University Histories|publisher=Taylor & Francis|date=1998|pages=9-13|isbn=1-884964-23-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6x3S8eM3spAC}}</ref> [[Al-Azhar University]] remained a part of a mosque-school until it was officially designated as a university in 1961.<ref name="univ_hist" />
'''al-Azhar mosque''' ({{lang-ar|جامع الأزهر}}) is a [[mosque]] in [[Islamic Cairo]], commissioned in 970 during the [[Fatimid Caliphate]] by [[Al-Muizz Lideenillah|al-Mu‘izz li Dīn Allāh]] in the newly established capital city.<ref name="islamic_arch_58">Behrens-Abouseif ''Islamic Architecture in Cairo'' page 58</ref> It was the first mosque established in [[Cairo]],<ref>Teresio ''Moslem architecture'' page 153</ref> and remains an influential institution in Egyptian society. Dedicated in 972, the mosque hired 35 scholars in 978,<ref name="islamic_arch_58" /> starting the oldest and most prestigious university in the Islamic world.<ref name="univ_hist_9">Summerfield ''Dictionary of University Histories'' page 9</ref> [[Al-Azhar University]] remained a part of a mosque-school until it was officially designated as a university in 1961.<ref name="univ_hist_9" />


==History and Architecture==
==History and Architecture==
[[File:Al-Azhar (inside) 2006.jpg|thumb|Interior courtyard of Al-Azhar mosque]]
[[File:Al-Azhar (inside) 2006.jpg|thumb|Interior courtyard of Al-Azhar mosque]]
Originally 280 feet long and 227 feet wide,<ref name="univ_hist /> the mosque was built with three [[arcade (architecture)|arcades]] around the courtyard.<ref name="islamic_arch" /> Established as a [[Shia Islam|Shī‘a]] institution, as the Fatimids adhered to the [[Ismailism|Ismāʿīli]] sect of Shī‘ism, the mosque served as the official headquarters of teaching Shī‘a Islam under the Fatimid caliphate.<ref name="univ_hist" />
Originally 280 feet long and 227 feet wide,<ref name="univ_hist_9" /> the mosque was built with three [[arcade (architecture)|arcades]] around the courtyard.<ref name="islamic_arch_58" /> Established as a [[Shia Islam|Shī‘a]] institution, as the Fatimids adhered to the [[Ismailism|Ismāʿīli]] sect of Shī‘ism, the mosque served as the official headquarters of teaching Shī‘a Islam under the Fatimid caliphate.<ref name="univ_hist_9" />




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University, role in Egyptian law
University, role in Egyptian law


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==?==


==refs to use==
==refs to use==
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==References==
==References==
* Behrens-Abouseif, Doris; ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=INsmT6zjAl8C Islamic Architecture in Cairo (2 ed.)]'' Brill. ISBN 90-04-09626-4.
* Behrens-Abouseif, Doris: ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=INsmT6zjAl8C&printsec=frontcover Islamic Architecture in Cairo (2 ed.)]'' Brill. ISBN 90-04-09626-4.
* Rivoira, Giovanni Teresio; Gordon McNeil Rushforth (1918) ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=4x8tAAAAYAAJ Moslem architecture]]'' Oxford University Press.
* Rivoira, Giovanni Teresio; Gordon McNeil Rushforth: ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=4x8tAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover Moslem architecture]'' Oxford University Press, 1918
* Summerfield, Carol; Mary Devine, Anthony Levi (1998) ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6x3S8eM3spAC International Dictionary of University Histories]'' Taylor & Francis; ISBN 1-884964-23-0
* Summerfield, Carol; Mary Devine; Anthony Levi: ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6x3S8eM3spAC&printsec=frontcover International Dictionary of University Histories]'' Taylor & Francis, 1998; ISBN 1-884964-23-0




Revision as of 03:23, 24 April 2009

al-Azhar Mosque
Exterior view of Al-Azhar Mosque
Religion
AffiliationSunni Islam
LeadershipMuhammad Sayyid Tantawi
Location
LocationCairo, Egypt
Architecture
TypeMosque
StyleHypostyle Mosque
Completed972
Specifications
Dome(s)3
Minaret(s)5

al-Azhar mosque (Template:Lang-ar) is a mosque in Islamic Cairo, commissioned in 970 during the Fatimid Caliphate by al-Mu‘izz li Dīn Allāh in the newly established capital city.[1] It was the first mosque established in Cairo,[2] and remains an influential institution in Egyptian society. Dedicated in 972, the mosque hired 35 scholars in 978,[1] starting the oldest and most prestigious university in the Islamic world.[3] Al-Azhar University remained a part of a mosque-school until it was officially designated as a university in 1961.[3]

History and Architecture

Interior courtyard of Al-Azhar mosque

Originally 280 feet long and 227 feet wide,[3] the mosque was built with three arcades around the courtyard.[1] Established as a Shī‘a institution, as the Fatimids adhered to the Ismāʿīli sect of Shī‘ism, the mosque served as the official headquarters of teaching Shī‘a Islam under the Fatimid caliphate.[3]







original structure => changes over time influenced by rulers, later 'city planning'. Courtyard (with pic).

Significance

University, role in Egyptian law

?

refs to use

references:

Islamic Architecture in Cairo

Cairo: a cultural history

Al-Azhar Mosque: An Architectural Chronicle of Cairo's History By Nasser Rabbat, From Muqarnas, Volume 13

International Dictionary of University Histories

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c Behrens-Abouseif Islamic Architecture in Cairo page 58
  2. ^ Teresio Moslem architecture page 153
  3. ^ a b c d Summerfield Dictionary of University Histories page 9

References

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