User:Trevtherev

Allan Harry Beckett
Buried	Oare churchyard, Kent
Service / branch	Royal Engineers
Years of service	6
Rank	Major
Awards	MBE
Other work	Sir Bruce White, Wolfe Barry & Partners

Allan Harry Beckett (b. 4 March 1914, East Ham, London Borough of Newham, United Kingdom, d. 19 June 2005, Farnborough, London) was a brilliant and practical engineering designer whose floating roadway was crucial to the success of the Mulberry harbour that was used in the Normandy Landings. Starting his war as a sapper digging trenches on the South Coast at the time of the Dunkirk evacuation, Allan Beckett came to play a significant rôle in the success of the Mulberry harbour used during and after the Normandy landings of June 1944.

His contribution to the Mulberry was to design the floating roadway which connected the pierhead to the shore, and a system of anchors. The roadway had to be strong enough to withstand constant wave action which, as occurred in the appalling weather of June 1944, was much more severe than anticipated. Beckett’s design, which had been tested in the severe conditions of Scotland in winter, survived the storm which struck on June 19, 1944, and raged for three days.

Education and early military service

Allan Beckett was born on on 4th March 1914 in East Ham, London; the eldest of three children of George William Harry Beckett and his wife Emma (née Stokes). Allan’s father was a professional soldier in the Royal Field Artillery and was proud to be one of the ‘Old Contemptibles’. Allan's first interest was mechanical engineering - he was a keen model maker, building intricate model boat engines when a teenager. However his father persuaded him to study civil engineering at university as the career prospects were better.

He read civil engineering at the University of London and was then apprenticed to Sanders and Forster, steelwork and structural engineers from 1930-33. From there he moved to the bridge department of consulting engineers A. J. Bridie until the war began. He was then called up into the Royal Engineers in January 1940, and after basic sapper training was, at the time of the Dunkirk Evacuation, engaged in trench digging, watch duties and manning a searchlight at Folkestone. Commissioned in 1941, he was sent to King’s Newton, near Derby, to work for Lieutenant-Colonel W. T. Everall, a specialist on the rapid construction of railway bridges for battlefield use. In this position, he gained valuable experience in assembling light steel trestling.

The Mulberry Minute

The notion of the Mulberry harbour had come from Winston Churchill, determined never to repeat the 1915 debâcle of the amphibious landings over open beaches during the Gallipoli Campaign. As early as 1942, with an invasion of the German-occupied Continent only a distant dream, he had prepared a minute for the chief of the Combined Operations Headquarters, headed: “Piers for use on beaches”.

“They must float up and down with the tide,” Churchill noted. “The anchor problem must be mastered. Let me have the best solution worked out. Don’t argue the matter. The difficulties will argue for themselves.” These injunctions set down the essentials of the floating piers, protected by a breakwater of blockships and caissons, which enabled the vast tonnage of vehicles and stores to be got ashore to support the forces in the field.

In the wake of Churchill's minute Allan Beckett's boss, Everall was charged by the War Office with designing a series of mile-long pontoons for use on shelving beaches under tidal conditions. Shortly afterwards Everall gave Beckett a sketch marked "Top Secret" asking whether, "as a keen sailor", he could make sense of it. The sketch showed a mile-long series of pontoons on legs, linked by bridges covering water that was shallow one end, deep the other. The caption read "Piers for flat beaches", without explanation of what they might be intended for.

Beckett thought the legs an unnecessary complication for a floating bridge. "If you think you can do better, you must make it clear before next Monday when I shall be revisiting the War Office," said Everall. Allan made a tin-plate model of a floating roadway, consisting of a lozenge-shaped bridge span and part of an adjacent span to show a junction using spherical bearings. Everall returned from the War Office exultant. "Beckett," he said, "they want six spans built right away, I have promised that you will produce drawings by the end of the week."

The Mulberry Trials

In a week Beckett produced the works drawings and the prototype was constructed by Braithwaites of West Bromwich. It and two competing schemes (the Hamilton Swiss Roll and the Hughes Caisson Scheme) were tested at Cairn Head, Galloway, where, over a period, they were subjected to severe weather.

Summoned to Scotland to check his system after a particularly fierce storm, Beckett imagined that he was being called ruefully to inspect a mass of twisted and fractured metal. To his immense gratification the floating roadway had survived intact under the severest of torsion, whilst the Hamilton Swiss Roll had been washed away, and the Hughes Caisson, too, had failed. As Beckett later observed: “After several more days of rough weather it was not difficult for the chiefs of staff to make a choice.”

Beckett was next charged with designing a light anchor, but one of great holding power, to prevent the piers (by now called “Whales”) moving sideways. Naval opinion was sceptical of his ability to come up with a solution, but the Kite anchor as it became known, proved a great success on the beaches.

D Day and Beyond

On June 7, 1944 (the day after the start of Operation Overlord), Beckett set out for Arromanches, the site of the British Mulberry, as technical adviser in the field to Montgomery’s 21st Army Group). There, after an anxious day and night at sea, he supervised the installation of the anchors, and over the next few days gave technical advice on constructing the Whales.

In the event the Americans at Mulberry A were first to have a pier in operation, on D+5. But the more methodical British approach to construction was vindicated in the violent storm of D+13, which damaged Mulberry A beyond repair, whereas Mulberry B functioned for four months, until the capture of Antwerp in October rendered it redundant. After the storm Beckett acted as liaison officer to the Americans for the transfer of such undamaged equipment at Mulberry A as could be used by the British on their harbour.

After his part in the Mulberry project was finished, Beckett carried out various tasks in the wake of the Allied advance. He showed how a stock of abandoned German bridging equipment, located near Brussels, could be put to use; he oversaw the installation of much of the Everall bridging equipment which came into its own as the Allied advance took it over river after river; and he instructed Dutch engineers in repairing gaps in the dykes made by RAF bombers at Walcheren Island. For this, surplus Mulberry units came in useful for plugging the breaches.

Beckett was appointed MBE for his work at Arromanches-les-Bains. He also received inventors’ awards for the design of the floating piers and for the Kite anchor.

His work is remembered today at a memorial dedicated to Allan Beckett in the town of Arromanches, unveiled on 6 June 2009, the 65th Anniversary of the D-Day Landings.

After the War

After being demobbed Beckett joined Sir Bruce White, Wolfe Barry and Partners as chief engineer. There he was responsible for projects in India including the Tata locomotive works, the Bombay Marine oil terminal and a self-scouring lock gate to cope with heavily silt-laden waters at Bhavnagar. In the UK he built factories for Bibby. In 1959 he became a partner in the firm, and developed techniques for mini-hydraulic model studies for designing and building new ports in Brunei, Saudi Arabia and Libya, as well as Harwich and Cardiff.

As senior partner from 1983 he oversaw all the engineering aspects of a huge contract to build a port at Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Closer to home there were the design and construction of complex flood defences for London, including the Dartford Creek section of the Thames Barrier. In official retirement from 1989, he acted as a consultant to Beckett Rankine Partnership, his son Tim’s firm, for its port development and tidal defences projects all over the world. A keen and adventurous yachtsman from boyhood, he also designed and had built 'Pretty Penny' - a new yacht made of non-corrosive Cupronickel (copper-nickel alloy) - still one of the very few in the world.

Family

With the £3,000 he received for Kite anchor his designs, he built himself a house in Farnborough, Kent, where he settled.

Allan Beckett married his wife Ida James in 1949. She survives him, with his two sons, Michael (1950) & Tim (1953) and his daughter, Sian (1957) and his eight grandchildren.

External links

• Beckett Rankine Marine Consulting Engineers
• Mulberry Harbour as you have never seen it before
• Arromanches Memorial to Allan Beckett

• Cupro Nickel Yachts including Pretty Penny