Explosophore: Difference between revisions
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'''Explosophores''' are [[functional group]]s in [[organic chemistry]] that give organic compounds [[explosive]] properties. The term was first coined by Russian chemist [[V. Pletz]] in 1935<ref>Pletz, V. J. Gen. Chem. (U.S.S.R.) 5, 173 (1935).</ref> and originally mistranslated in some articles as "plosophore". Also of note is an auxoexplose (similar to [[chromophore]] and [[auxochrome]] concept), which is a group that modifies the explosive capability of the molecule. Pletz grouped the explosophores into eight distinct categories as follows:<ref>Handrick, G.R., Lothrop, W.C. Chem. Rev., 1949, 44 (3) p 419-445</ref><ref>Warey, Philip. B. ed. New Research on Hazardous Materials, Nova Science Publishers, 2007</ref> |
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| ⚫ | ; I. –NO<sub>2</sub>, –ON=O and –ONO<sub>2</sub> : The [[nitro]] (in which the nitrogen bonds to the organic molecule), [[nitrite]] (in which oxygen is bonded to the organic molecule), and nitrate ester (in which nitrogen is between one oxygen bonded to the organic molecule and the other two oxygen atoms) groups respectively connected to organic molecules (by far the most commercially used explosives are nitrate/nitrite based) |
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| ⚫ | The term explosophore has become into use more frequently recently especially after its use in books such as Organic Chemistry of Explosives by J. Agrawal and R. Hodgson. Another functional group that is frequently considered as an explosophore is |
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| ⚫ | The term explosophore has become into use more frequently recently especially after its use in books such as Organic Chemistry of Explosives by J. Agrawal and R. Hodgson. Another functional group that is frequently considered as an explosophore is [[picrate]], the salts or [[ether]]s of [[picric acid]] (2,4,6-trinitrophenol), which gains its explosive capability from the nitrate groups attached to it, making it fall into group one of the above list. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Functional groups]] |
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[[Category:Explosives]] |
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Revision as of 03:34, 30 April 2009
Explosophores are functional groups in organic chemistry that give organic compounds explosive properties. The term was first coined by Russian chemist V. Pletz in 1935[1] and originally mistranslated in some articles as "plosophore". Also of note is an auxoexplose (similar to chromophore and auxochrome concept), which is a group that modifies the explosive capability of the molecule. Pletz grouped the explosophores into eight distinct categories as follows:[2][3]
- I. –NO2, –ON=O and –ONO2
- The nitro (in which the nitrogen bonds to the organic molecule), nitrite (in which oxygen is bonded to the organic molecule), and nitrate ester (in which nitrogen is between one oxygen bonded to the organic molecule and the other two oxygen atoms) groups respectively connected to organic molecules (by far the most commercially used explosives are nitrate/nitrite based)
- II. –N=N– and –N−=N+=N−–
- The azo and azide groups respectively, connected to organic/inorganic compounds
- III. –RnNXm
- The Halogenated nitrogen group X:halogen (for example NI3 and RNCl3)
- IV. –C=N–O–
- The fulminate group (example HONC and Hg(ONC)2)
- V. –OClO2 and –OClO3
- The chlorate and perchlorate groups respectively, connected to organics/inorganics
- VI. –O–O– and –O3–
- The peroxide and ozonide groups respectively, connected to organics/inorganics
- VII. –C≡C− M+
- The acetylide group with its metal derivatives
- VIII. A metal atom connected by an unstable bond to the carbon of certain organic radicals
- (for example, organic compounds of mercury, thallium, and lead).
The term explosophore has become into use more frequently recently especially after its use in books such as Organic Chemistry of Explosives by J. Agrawal and R. Hodgson. Another functional group that is frequently considered as an explosophore is picrate, the salts or ethers of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol), which gains its explosive capability from the nitrate groups attached to it, making it fall into group one of the above list.