Krasnodar: Difference between revisions
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==Name== |
==Name== |
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It was founded on [[January 12]], [[1794]] (Gregorian calendar) as '''Yekaterinodar''' ({{lang|ru|Екатеринода́р}}). The original name meant "Catherine's Gift" simultaneously in recognition of [[Catherine II of Russia|Catherine the Great's]] grant of land in the Kuban region to the [[Black Sea Cossack Host|Black Sea Cossacks]] (later the [[Kuban Cossacks]]) and in recognition of [[Saint Catherine of Alexandria|Saint Catherine]], ''the [[Martyr]]'', who is considered to be the patron of the city. After the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|October Revolution]], Yekaterinodar was renamed Krasnodar (December, 1920). There are two potential meanings for the new name of the city: Krasno- (Красно-), meaning either 'beautiful' (an older root) or 'red' (especially relevant considering the political atmosphere of the time); and -dar (-дар), meaning 'gift'. Thus, the city's name means either ''beautiful gift'' or ''red gift'' (i.e. 'gift of the reds'). |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[Image:Yekaterinodar-from-south.jpg|thumb|left|Yekaterinodar in the early 20th century.]] |
[[Image:Yekaterinodar-from-south.jpg|thumb|left|Yekaterinodar in the early 20th century.]] |
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The origin of the city starts with a [[fortress]] built by [[Cossack]]s in order to defend imperial borders and claim Russian ownership over [[Circassia]], which was contested by [[Ottoman Turkey]]. In the first half of the 19th century Yekaterinodar grew into a busy center of the [[Kuban Cossacks]]. By 1888 about 45,000 people lived in the city and it became a vital trade center of southern Russia. In 1897, an [[obelisk]] commemorating 200 year old history of Kuban Cossack Host was built in Yekaterinodar. |
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During the [[Russian Civil War]] the city changed hands several times between the [[Red Army]] and [[Volunteer Army]], many Kuban Cossacks were committed anti-Bolsheviks who supported the [[White Movement]]. |
During the [[Russian Civil War]] the city changed hands several times between the [[Red Army]] and [[Volunteer Army]], many Kuban Cossacks were committed anti-Bolsheviks who supported the [[White Movement]]. |
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Revision as of 16:58, 6 June 2009
Krasnodar | |
|---|---|
 Flag .png) Coat of arms | |
Location of Krasnodar  | |
  Krasnodar Location of Krasnodar | |
| Coordinates: 45°2′N 38°59′E / 45.033°N 38.983°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Krasnodar Krai |
| Founded | 1793 |
| Elevation | 25 m (82 ft) |
| Population | |
• Estimate (2018)[1] | 899,541 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK [2]) |
| Postal code(s)[3] | 350000–350921 |
| OKTMO ID | 03701000001 |
Krasnodar (Template:Lang-ru) is a city in Southern Russia on the Kuban River. It is the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai (also known as Kuban).
Name
It was founded on January 12, 1794 (Gregorian calendar) as Yekaterinodar (Екатеринода́р). The original name meant "Catherine's Gift" simultaneously in recognition of Catherine the Great's grant of land in the Kuban region to the Black Sea Cossacks (later the Kuban Cossacks) and in recognition of Saint Catherine, the Martyr, who is considered to be the patron of the city. After the October Revolution, Yekaterinodar was renamed Krasnodar (December, 1920). There are two potential meanings for the new name of the city: Krasno- (Красно-), meaning either 'beautiful' (an older root) or 'red' (especially relevant considering the political atmosphere of the time); and -dar (-дар), meaning 'gift'. Thus, the city's name means either beautiful gift or red gift (i.e. 'gift of the reds').
History
The origin of the city starts with a fortress built by Cossacks in order to defend imperial borders and claim Russian ownership over Circassia, which was contested by Ottoman Turkey. In the first half of the 19th century Yekaterinodar grew into a busy center of the Kuban Cossacks. By 1888 about 45,000 people lived in the city and it became a vital trade center of southern Russia. In 1897, an obelisk commemorating 200 year old history of Kuban Cossack Host was built in Yekaterinodar.
During the Russian Civil War the city changed hands several times between the Red Army and Volunteer Army, many Kuban Cossacks were committed anti-Bolsheviks who supported the White Movement. During the Great Patriotic War (World War II), Krasnodar was occupied by the German Army between August 12, 1942 and February 12, 1943. The city sustained heavy damage in the fighting but was rebuilt and renovated after the war.
Famous Russian soprano Anna Netrebko, soprano Evgenia Kononova, cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, counterrevolutionary Andrei Shkuro and rhythmic gymnast Inna Zhukova were born in Krasnodar.
Main sights
Krasnodar is home to the steel lattice hyperboloid tower built by the Russian engineer and scientist Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov in 1928; it is located near Krasnodar Circus.
Other attractions include St. Catherine's Cathedral, the State Arts Museum, a park and theatre named after Maxim Gorky, the beautiful concert hall of the Krasnodar Philharmonic Society, which is considered to have some of the best acoustics in southern Russia, State Cossack Choir and the Krasnodar circus
The most interesting place of Krasnodar is Krasnaya Street (translating like "Red, Beautiful Street"). There are situated many sights of Krasnodar. In the beginning of this street we can see Central Concert Hall, at the end we can see Avrora cinemacenter. There is situated the Triumphal arch in the midlle of Krasnaya str.
Transportation
The main airline is Kuban Airlines (at Krasnodar Pashkovsky Airport), and the largest hotels in the city include the Intourist, Hotel Moskva, Hotel Platan. Krasnodar uses a 220 V/50 Hz power supply with two round-pin like most European countries.
Public transportation within Krasnodar consists of city buses, trolleybuses, trams, and marshrutkas. Trolleybuses and trams, both powered by overhead electric wires, are the main form of transportation in Krasnodar. Unlike Moscow and Saint Petersburg, Krasnodar does not have a metro system.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of Yekaterinodar was introduced in 1841 by the Cossack yesaul Ivan Chernik. The royal letter "E" in the middle is for Ekaterina II (Russian for Catherine II). It also depicts the date city was founded, the Imperial double headed eagle (symbolizing Czar patronage of Black Sea Cossacks), a bulawa of a Cossack ataman, Yekaterinodar fortress, and flags with letters "E", "P","A" and "N" standing for Catherine II, Paul I, Alexander I and Nicholas I. Yellow stars around the shield symbolized 59 Black Sea stanitsas around the city.
Sister cities
Krasnodar has four sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI):
Tallahassee, Florida, United States
Karlsruhe, Germany
Burgas, Bulgaria
Harbin, China
Ferrara, Italy
Famous people
- Anna Netrebko (b. 1971), opera singer
- Alexander Tamanian (1878–1936), Armenian neoclassical architect
- Gennady Padalka (b. 1958), cosmonaut
- Alexandre Bondar (b. 1972), writer and novelist
- Sergei Tiviakov (b. 1973), chess Grandmaster
- Eduard Kokcharov (b. 1975), handball player
- Natalia Chernova (b. 1976), gymnast
- Lazaros Papadopoulos (b. 1980), Greek basketball player
- Inna Zhukova (b. 1986), rhythmic gymnast
External links
- Official website of Krasnodar City Administration and City Duma
- Krasnodar photographs
- Krasnodar news
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)