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{{further|[[President of Iran#Qualifications and election|President of Iran]]}}
{{further|[[President of Iran#Qualifications and election|President of Iran]]}}


The President is elected by direct vote, however candidates for the presidency must be approved by the 12-member Council of Guardians. Candidates need to win a [[majority]] (50% plus one vote) to become President. Iran has a [[two-round system]]: if none of the candidates wins the majority in the first round, the two top candidates from the first round will go to a second round, and whoever wins the majority of votes in the second round is elected President. The first round was held on 12 June 2009, and the second round, if necessary, will be held one week later, on 19 June 2009.<ref name=rallies/> All Iranian citizens of age 18 and up are eligible to vote. Both the Iranian Center for Statistics and the Iranian Ministry of the Interior have stated that there are around 46.2 million eligible voters.<ref name=q&a>{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8081440.stm |title= Q & A: Iran's presidential election |work= [[BBC News]] |date= 9 June 2009 |accessdate= 2009-06-12}}</ref>
The President is elected by direct vote, however candidates for the presidency must be approved by the 12-member [[Council of Guardians]]. Candidates need to win a [[majority]] (50% plus one vote) to become President. Iran has a [[two-round system]]: if none of the candidates wins the majority in the first round, the two top candidates from the first round will go to a second round, and whoever wins the majority of votes in the second round is elected President. The first round was held on 12 June 2009, and the second round, if necessary, will be held one week later, on 19 June 2009.<ref name=rallies/> All Iranian citizens of age 18 and up are eligible to vote. Both the Iranian Center for Statistics and the Iranian Ministry of the Interior have stated that there are around 46.2 million eligible voters.<ref name=q&a>{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8081440.stm |title= Q & A: Iran's presidential election |work= [[BBC News]] |date= 9 June 2009 |accessdate= 2009-06-12}}</ref>


==Candidates==
==Candidates==

Revision as of 15:45, 13 June 2009

Iranian presidential election, 2009
← 2005 June 12, 2009 2013 →
 
Nominee Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Mir-Hossein Mousavi
Party ABII Independent Reformist
Popular vote 24,527,516 13,216,411
Percentage 62.63% 33.75%
 
Nominee Mohsen Rezaee Mehdi Karroubi
Party Ind. Conservative National Confidence
Popular vote 678,240 333,635
Percentage 1.73% 0.85%
President before election

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Alliance_of_Builders_of_Islamic_Iran

Elected President

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Alliance_of_Builders_of_Islamic_Iran

Politics of Iran
Government of Islamic Republic of Iran
Leadership
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Supreme Councils
Local governments
Elections
Political parties and factions
Inside government
Reformists
Principlists
Outside government
Monarchism
Liberalism
Nationalism
Pan-Iranism
Socialism
Intellectual backdrop
Foreign relations
Related topics

The 2009 Iranian presidential election was held on 12 June 2009 in Iran.[1] It is the tenth presidential election to be held in the country. If no candidate receives a majority of support, a run-off election will be held 19 June 2009.[2] The incumbent is Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. The Iranian reform movement has attempted to unite behind a single candidate. Former President Mohammad Khatami had been the leading opponent to Ahmadinejad until he left the race and endorsed former Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi.[3] Former Speaker of the Majlis Mehdi Karroubi, another Reformist, is also running, as is former Commander of Iranian Revolutionary Guard, Mohsen Rezaee, a Conservative. The election has seen huge candidate rallies in Iranian cities,[2] and turnout was very high with around 75 percent of the electorate voting.[4]

With two-thirds of the votes counted, the Islamic Republic News Agency, Iran's official news agency, announced that Ahmadinejad had won with 66% of the votes cast.[5] Early local time on June 13, the Iranian election commission announced that Ahmadinejad had won with 65% of the votes, against 32% to Mousavi.[6][7] However, the Obama administration has expressed doubts about the result of the election, calling the official results "not credible."[8]

Results

At the closing of election polls, both leading candidates, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Mir-Hossein Mousavi, claimed victory, with both candidates telling the press that their sources have them at 58-60% of the total vote.[4] Early reports claim a record turnout of around 34 million votes cast.[9][10] Ahmadinejad's rival, Mousavi, warned the Iranian people of possible vote fraud.[11] [12] Mousavi announced on his website that he in fact was the person that received the majority of the voting and that his name was replaced by Ahmadinejad's.[13] Ahmadinejad's 65% share of the vote was higher than the most lenient poll sample from the IRIB, reported by Alef.[14] Several political analysts have contested the results.[15] Template:Iranian presidential election, 2009

Reactions

Mir Hossein Mousavi urged his supporters to reject a "governance of lie and dictatorship." He has declared on Friday:

"I am the winner of these elections. The people have voted for me."

Clashes have broken out between police and groups protesting the election results.[16] The text messaging system was still shut down, and some pro-Mousavi websites were blocked.[17]

Election process

Further information: [[:President of Iran]]

The President is elected by direct vote, however candidates for the presidency must be approved by the 12-member Council of Guardians. Candidates need to win a majority (50% plus one vote) to become President. Iran has a two-round system: if none of the candidates wins the majority in the first round, the two top candidates from the first round will go to a second round, and whoever wins the majority of votes in the second round is elected President. The first round was held on 12 June 2009, and the second round, if necessary, will be held one week later, on 19 June 2009.[2] All Iranian citizens of age 18 and up are eligible to vote. Both the Iranian Center for Statistics and the Iranian Ministry of the Interior have stated that there are around 46.2 million eligible voters.[18]

Candidates

On 20 May 2009, the Guardian Council officially announced a list of approved candidates, while rejecting a number of registered nominees.[19]

Approved candidates

Conservatives
Reformists

Rejected candidates

Conservatives
Independents

Withdrawn candidates

Potential candidates

The following people were said to be possible candidates in the election, but did not register within the five days allowed for registration.[25] Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former President and chairman of the Assembly of Experts, would have been over 75 years old on the election day and therefore ineligible to run by election law.

Conservatives who declined to run
Reformists who declined to run

Temporary Facebook block

On 23 May 2009, the Iranian government temporarily blocked access to Facebook across the country. Gulfnews.com reported that this move was a response to the use of Facebook by candidates running against the incumbent Ahmadinejad.[32] PC World reported that Mousavi's Facebook page had more than 6,600 supporters.[33] Access was restored by 26 May 2009.[34] On June 13, it has more than 40,000 supporters.[35]

Debates

Between 2 June and 8 June 2009 Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting broadcast nightly debates on TV channel IRIB 3 between two candidates at a time, with each candidate facing the others once. This was the first time Iran had held televised debates between candidates.[36] Each debate lasted for around one and half hours. During the debate on 3 June between President Mahmud Ahmadinejad and reformist rival, former Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Ahmadinejad made accusations regarding former presidents Mohammad Khatami and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and the Iranian Revolution. Rafsanjani responded to these charges on 9 June in an open letter to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei requesting the he step in to rebuke Ahmadinejad for his comments at the debate.[37][38]

Opinion polls

The opinion polls in Iran have been considered unreliable. A number of polls conducted between relatively small voting groups, like university students and workers, have been reported as election propaganda. More general polls reported in the media do not state the polling organization nor the basic facts about the methodology. The results show a high variance and depend heavily on who is reporting the poll.[39][40] In 2002, the polling organization Ayandeh and another polling organization was closed and its directors were arrested.[41] The director of Ayandeh, Abbas Abdi, spent several years in prison.[42]

Mousavi's and Karroubi's campaign posters in Tehran claimed that a high turnout would reduce Ahmadinejad's chance of winning the election.[43] Karroubi's campaign manager, Gholamhossein Karbaschi, claimed that the chance of Ahmadinejad losing the election would be over 65 percent if over 32 million people voted, but less than 35 percent if less than 27 million people voted.[43]

Immediately before the end of the election, the former Iranian president, Khatami, predicted that Mousavi would win.[44]

Polling Organisation Date Poll details Candidate
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Mehdi Karroubi Mir-Hossein Mousavi Mohsen Rezaee
reported by Rooz Online[45] before 9 June 2009 Nationwide; 7900 people 23% Unknown 54%–57% Unknown
Rahbord e Danesh, reported by Tabnak[46] before 9 June 2009 1743 people 25.5% 6.1% 37.6% 30.8%
reported by Alef [47] before 8 June 2009 Major cities 61.7 Unknown 28 Unknown
reported by Alef [47] before 8 June 2009 Tehran 42 Unknown 46 Unknown
IRIB, reported by Alef [14] before 7 June 2009 Tehran 47.5 Unknown 39.9 Unknown
IRIB, reported by Alef [14] before 7 June 2009 more than 16,000 people, 30 major cities in each Province 62.7 Unknown 25.7 Unknown
reported by Baznevis[48] before 6 June 2009 16,945 people 22.5% 7.5% 64% 4%
reported by ILNA[49] before 5 June 2009 Nationwide 300,000 people 24.61% 10.72% 54.53% 10.14%
Rahbord e Danesh, reported by Tabnak[50] before 3 June 2009 1743 people 29.5% 7.5% 37.5% 25.2%
Rayemelat[51] before 3 June 2009 Tehran 33% 10% 50% 6%
reported by Rajanews/Press TV[52] before 1 June 2009 major cities 53% Unknown 36% Unknown
Baznevis, reported by Tabnak[53] before 31 May 2009 Nationwide; 77,058 people 33% 3% 36% 27%
Aftab News, reported by Tabnak[53] before 31 May 2009 Nationwide; 18,391 people; (Who will you not vote for?) (62%) (7%) (28%) (4%)
Rahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak[53] 31 May 2009 Nationwide 32% 6% 36% 27%
reported by Ghalamnews[54] before 27 May 2009 1650 people 35% Unknown 54% Unknown
reported by Rayemelat[55] before 27 May 2009 Tehran only 36% 9% 48% 5%
Young Journalists Club (IRIB affiliated)[56] before 30 May 2009 Nationwide; 30,000 people 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
reported by Ayandeh News[57] before 26 May 2009 10 major cities 34% Unknown 38% Unknown
Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting[57] before 26 May 2009 Tehran only 43% Unknown 47% Unknown
New America Foundation[58] before 20 May 2009 Nationwide; 1001 people 34% 2% 14% 1%
reported by Rayemelat[59] 14 May 2009 Tehran only 42% 6% 44% 4%
Etemad-e-Melli[60] before 13 May 2009 Nationwide 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Rahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak[53] 5 May 2009 Nationwide 38% 12% 32% 15%
reported by Rajanews/Press TV[61][62] 3 May 2009–4 May 2009 62 cities 59% Unknown 22% Unknown
Government[61] before 3 May 2009 Unknown 54% (45% in Tehran) Unknown 22% (29% in Tehran) Unknown
Rahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak[53] 4 April 2009 Nationwide 40% 8% 24% 1%
Worker's Statistical Institute[63] late March 2009 Nationwide survey of workers 36% 8% 52% Unknown
Rahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak[53] 5 March 2009 Nationwide 44% 7% 13% 0%

References

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  47. ^ a b "Poll June 8 reported by Alef".
  48. ^ "Banevis Poll Khordad 16".
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  54. ^ "Mousavi's votes are increasing and Ahmadinejad's votes decrease". Ghalamnews.
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  63. ^ "Iran: Worker poll puts reformist presidential candidate ahead - Adnkronos Politics". Adnkronos.com. 2003-04-07. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
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