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Davies also joked to a [[BBC Radio Wales]] interviewer that he was "not allowed" to refer to the programme as "''Doctor Who'' for grown-ups".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/sounds/torchwood.mp3|title=Russell T Davies talks about ''Torchwood''|publisher=BBC Radio Wales|date=17 October 2005|format=MP3|accessdate=2006-03-29}}</ref> The first series includes content never before seen or heard in the ''Doctor Who'' franchise, including lovemaking scenes (in episodes such as "Day One" and "Out of Time"), same-sex kissing in a romantic/sexual context, and use of extreme [[profanity]] in several episodes.
Davies also joked to a [[BBC Radio Wales]] interviewer that he was "not allowed" to refer to the programme as "''Doctor Who'' for grown-ups".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/sounds/torchwood.mp3|title=Russell T Davies talks about ''Torchwood''|publisher=BBC Radio Wales|date=17 October 2005|format=MP3|accessdate=2006-03-29}}</ref> The first series includes content never before seen or heard in the ''Doctor Who'' franchise, including lovemaking scenes (in episodes such as "Day One" and "Out of Time"), same-sex kissing in a romantic/sexual context, and use of extreme [[profanity]] in several episodes.


BBC Three described ''Torchwood'' as the centrepiece of their autumn 2006 schedule.<ref>{{cite press release | title = BBC THREE Autumn 2006| publisher =BBC Press Office | date =2006-07-24 | url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/07_july/24/bbcthree.shtml | accessdate = 2006-08-17}}</ref>
BBC Three described ''Torchwood'' as the centrepiece of its autumn 2006 schedule.<ref>{{cite press release | title = BBC THREE Autumn 2006| publisher =BBC Press Office | date =2006-07-24 | url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/07_july/24/bbcthree.shtml | accessdate = 2006-08-17}}</ref>


==Cast and crew==
==Cast and crew==

Revision as of 11:02, 7 July 2009

Template:Two other uses

Torchwood
Torchwood title card
Created byRussell T Davies
StarringJohn Barrowman
Eve Myles
Gareth David-Lloyd
Burn Gorman
Naoko Mori
Kai Owen
Theme music composerMurray Gold
ComposerBen Foster
Country of originUnited Kingdom
No. of series3
No. of episodes31 Television; 4 Radio (July 2009) (list of episodes)
Production
Running timeapprox. 50 minutes (Series 1-2)
approx. 60 minutes (Series 3)[1]
Production companyBBC Wales
Original release
NetworkBBC Three (Series 1, Series 2 ep. 6 - 12)
BBC Two (Series 2 ep. 1-5, 13)
BBC One (Series 3)
BBC HD (All episodes)
Release22 October 2006 –
present
Related
Doctor Who
The Sarah Jane Adventures
Torchwood Declassified

Torchwood (Template:Pron-en) is a British science fiction drama television and radio programme, created by Russell T Davies and starring John Barrowman and Eve Myles. It deals with the machinations and activities of the Cardiff branch of the fictional Torchwood Institute, who deal mainly with incidents involving extraterrestrials. An initial 13-part series was commissioned by the BBC as a spin-off from the 2005 revival of the long-running science fiction programme Doctor Who with which it is closely interlinked.

The programme is produced in-house by BBC Wales. The Head of Drama at that time of the first season, Julie Gardner, serves as executive producer alongside Davies. (Julie Gardner is currently both Controller of Drama Commissioning at BBC Television and Head of Drama for BBC Wales.) [2] The first two episodes of Series 1 of Torchwood premiered on 22 October 2006 on BBC Three and BBC HD. Series 2 premiered on BBC Two and BBC HD on 16 January 2008.[3][4] The third series, a five part mini-series entitled Torchwood: Children of Earth, began on BBC One on 6 July 2009.[5][6][7] [8]

Overview

In 2002, before the revival of Doctor Who, Russell T Davies began to develop an idea for a science-fiction/crime drama in the style of American dramas like Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel.[9][10] This idea, originally titled Excalibur, was abandoned until 2005, when BBC Three Controller Stuart Murphy invited Davies to develop a post-watershed science-fiction series for the channel.[10] During the production of the 2005 series of Doctor Who, the word "Torchwood" (an anagram of "Doctor Who") had been used as a title ruse for the series while filming its first few episodes and on the 'rushes' tapes to ensure they were not intercepted.[11] Davies connected the word "Torchwood" to his earlier Excalibur idea and decided to make the series a Doctor Who spin-off.[10] Subsequently, the word "Torchwood" was seeded in Doctor Who episodes and other media which aired in 2005 and 2006.

The series is set in Cardiff and follows the Welsh branch of a covert agency called the Torchwood Institute which investigates extraterrestrial incidents on Earth and scavenges alien technology for its own use (its origins are outlined in the Doctor Who episode "Tooth and Claw"). To paraphrase Torchwood Three's commander-in-chief, Captain Jack Harkness, the organisation is separate from the government, outside the police, and beyond the United Nations. Their public perception is as merely a 'special ops' group. The events of the first series take place some time after the Doctor Who series two finale, in which Torchwood's London headquarters was destroyed.

The main writer alongside Davies is Chris Chibnall, creator of the BBC light drama show Born and Bred. Other writers include P.J. Hammond, Toby Whithouse, Doctor Who script editor Helen Raynor, Cath Tregenna, and Doctor Who cast member Noel Clarke, who gained acclaim for his screenplay for the film Kidulthood. Russell T Davies wrote just the first episode.[12][13]

In a 17 October 2005 announcement, Stuart Murphy described Torchwood as "sinister and psychological...As well as being very British and modern and real." Davies further described it as "a British sci-fi paranoid thriller, a cop show with a sense of humour. [...] Dark, wild and sexy, it's The X-Files meets This Life."[14][15] Davies later denied ever making this comparison, instead describing the show as "alleyways, rain, the city".[16] As Torchwood is a post-watershed show — that is, after 9 p.m. — it has more mature content than Doctor Who. Davies told SFX: "We can be a bit more visceral, more violent, and more sexual, if we want to. Though bear in mind that it's very teenage to indulge yourself in blood and gore, and Torchwood is going to be smarter than that. But it’s the essential difference between BBC One at 7 pm, and BBC Three at, say, 9 pm. That says it all — instinctively, every viewer can see the huge difference there."[12] According to Barrowman:

"I don't do any nude scenes in series one; they're saving that for the next series! I don't have a problem with getting my kit off. As long as they pay me the right money, I'm ready to get out my cock and balls."[17]

Davies also joked to a BBC Radio Wales interviewer that he was "not allowed" to refer to the programme as "Doctor Who for grown-ups".[18] The first series includes content never before seen or heard in the Doctor Who franchise, including lovemaking scenes (in episodes such as "Day One" and "Out of Time"), same-sex kissing in a romantic/sexual context, and use of extreme profanity in several episodes.

BBC Three described Torchwood as the centrepiece of its autumn 2006 schedule.[19]

Cast and crew

The series two cast, including special guest star Freema Agyeman as Martha Jones

Torchwood, unlike its parent programme, centres on a team instead of a single character and companion(s). The show is oriented on Torchwood Three, the Cardiff branch of the Torchwood Institute, tasked (among other things) with keeping an eye on the space/time Rift that runs through the city, and on whatever washes through it. Torchwood Three is a team of five operatives, led by Jack Harkness (John Barrowman), with Gwen Cooper (Eve Myles) as the "new girl" who joins up in the first episode and acts as a point-of-view character for the viewer. Owen Harper (Burn Gorman) is the unit's medical officer and Toshiko Sato (Naoko Mori) is the resident computer specialist, while "administrative" duties are performed by Ianto Jones (Gareth David-Lloyd). Aside from the team, one recurring character is Rhys Williams (Kai Owen), Gwen's live-in boyfriend and later husband, who is initially unaware of the nature of Gwen's mysterious new job. Also regularly recurring is PC Andy Davidson (Tom Price), Gwen's former police partner and occasional comic relief.

Prior to the programme's debut, publicity materials prominently featured Indira Varma as Suzie Costello among the other regular cast members, giving the impression that she would appear beyond the first episode. However, Suzie was unexpectedly killed off at the end of the first episode. The character reappeared once more in the role of a villain.

Other characters who have appeared in more than one episode include Caroline Chikezie as Lisa Hallett, and Louise Delamere as Diane Holmes. Toward the end of the first series, the character of Bilis Manger was introduced as a villain. Paul Kasey regularly portrays aliens on the series, as in Doctor Who, under heavy prosthetics, such as the alien Weevils and Blowfishes. Toshiko's mother, portrayed by Noriko Aida, appears once in each series. Doctor Who's Martha Jones[20] — played by Freema Agyeman — crossed over to Torchwood for three episodes in the second series (from "Reset" to "Dead Man Walking") before returning to Doctor Who midway through its fourth series. Another guest star in Torchwood's second series is former Buffy and Angel star James Marsters who plays recurring role Captain John Hart, a villainous Time Agent and Jack's former lover. Introduced in the episode "Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang", he reappears later in the series finale, forced to do Jack's brother Gray's vengeful will; he reforms when he escapes from Gray's influence.[21][22] Making minor recurring appearances in the second series are the mysterious little girl portrayed by child actress Skye Bennett, Dr. Angela Connolly portrayed by Golda Rosheuvel and 20th century Torchwood member Alice Guppy, portrayed by Amy Manson.

Actor Character Position Tenure
John Barrowman Captain Jack Harkness Leader, Torchwood Three 2006 to present
Eve Myles Gwen Cooper Police liaison 2006 to present
Gareth David-Lloyd Ianto Jones General support 2006 to present
Kai Owen[23] Rhys Williams Gwen's husband 2006 to present
Burn Gorman Dr. Owen Harper Medical officer (Series 1-2) 2006 to 2008
Naoko Mori Toshiko Sato Computer specialist (Series 1-2) 2006 to 2008

Crew

Richard Stokes produces Torchwood. Originally, Doctor Who director James Hawes was lined up as producer. After directing the BBC Four drama The Chatterley Affair, Hawes backed out of the project. Davies told Doctor Who Magazine that Hawes "has been having such a good time... that he's decided directing is his greatest passion, and as a result, he's stepped down." [24][25]

Helen Raynor and Brian Minchin are the programme's script editors.[24] The series also shares Doctor Who's production designer, Edward Thomas. The show's theme tune is written by Doctor Who's composer Murray Gold, and music for the series is composed by Ben Foster and Murray Gold.

Production

Series 1 of Torchwood was filmed from May 2006 until November 2006.

For the second series[4] Lead Writer Chris Chibnall wrote the opening episode[26] and the three final episodes.[27] Both Catherine Tregenna and Helen Raynor have written two episodes for the new series.[28] The other episodes were written by James Moran, Matt Jones, J. C. Wilsher, Joseph Lidster, PJ Hammond and Phil Ford. Russell T Davies was initially announced as writing two episodes, but due to commitments to Doctor Who he is no longer writing any episodes.[27] Block One, which consists of episodes by Raynor and Tregenna and is directed by Andy Goddard. Colin Teague is directing Block Two, which consists of Episode 2 by Moran and Episode 4 by Tregenna, with Ashley Way directing Block Three, consisting of Episode 1 by Chibnall and Episode 6 by JC Wilsher.[29] An edited repeat of the second series episodes, suitable for children to view, was shown on BBC Two at 7pm.

Children of Earth

Main article: Children of Earth

The third series started shooting on 18 August 2008, and comprises a five-episode mini-series that will air 9pm on BBC One from 6 July 2009[30] and 9pm on BBC America from 20 July 2009. [31]. Russell T Davies and Julie Gardner continue as executive producers, Peter Bennett produced the series[32] and Euros Lyn directed all five episodes. Russell T Davies wrote the first and last episodes, the overall story arc, and co-wrote episode 3 with James Moran.[33] John Fay wrote episodes 2 and 4.[34] Series 3 will be entitled Children of Earth.[35]

On his official website, John Barrowman announced that a preview of Children of Earth would be screened at the National Film Theatre on 12 June.[36]

International broadcasts

The Canadian network CBC was a co-producer series one,[37] and premiered in October 2007.[38][39] The show airs for French-speaking Canadian audiences on Ztélé. Series two began airing on Space on 8 August 2008.

The first series began screening on TV2 [40] in New Zealand on Wednesday, 9 July 2008, starting with series 1 and running straight through to the 4th episode (Meat) in the second series. Series 2 continued airing on February 11, 2009.

In Australia, after the ABC [41] and SBS passed on the series, Network Ten acquired the rights to air it. [42] After its premiere on 18 June 2007, a reviewer for The Sydney Morning Herald's The Guide said, "The appeal of Torchwood is not so much that it's gloriously implausible sci-fi pulp, but that it knows it's gloriously implausible, sci-fi pulp."[43] Ten's press release cites rival programming in their decision to move the show to a Wednesday 12 am timeslot halfway through the series.[44] Torchwood now airs on UKTV in Australia.[45] Series one was played on Imparja, but as of 3 February 2008 the station is no longer affiliated with Ten and will not screen more. [46] Series 2 of Torchwood aired on Ten HD from 1 September 2008. On 19 June 2009, ABC2 began broadcasting series one and two at 8:30pm. The third series will be broadcast on UKTV immediately after it commences airing in the UK.

On 2 April 2007, BBC America had acquired the rights to broadcast the series in the United States.[47] The series started on 8 September 2007;[48] the broadcast of the series is tied-in to a "radical makeover" of the channel that is to occur later in 2007.[47] The second series started on BBC America 26 January 2008.[49] The 3rd series is scheduled to begin airing in July.[50] Torchwood has become one of the biggest hits for BBC America with its first series premiere in September 2007 attracting an audience of almost half a million viewers.[51] Episodes on BBC America are generally less edited than Doctor Who episodes on Sci Fi Channel, allowing for harsher language and more-suggestive sexual content (while some words are still muted for broadcast).

HDNet acquired the US high definition rights for the first 26 episodes (Series 1 and 2) and began airing Series 1 episodes on Monday evenings, starting 17 September 2007.[52] On Monday 11 February 2008 HDNet began showing Series 2 episodes.

In Portugal, Sic Radical started transmitting the first series in January 2009, right after the end of series 2 of Doctor Who.

In Germany, the first series started airing on 11 March 2009 on RTL II.[53]

Setting

"With Doctor Who we often had to pretend that bits of Cardiff were London, or Utah, or the planet Zog. Whereas this series is going to be honest-to-God Cardiff. We will happily walk past the Millennium Centre and say, 'Look, there's the Millennium Centre'."

Russell T Davies[54]

Torchwood is filmed and set in Cardiff. The makers of Torchwood deliberately portray Cardiff as a modern urban centre, contrasting with past stereotypical portrayals of Wales. "There's not a male voice choir ... or a miner in sight, aside from John" said BBC Wales Controller Menna Richards.[55] Conservative MP Michael Gove described the debut of Torchwood as the moment confirming "Wales' move from overlooked Celtic cousin to underwired erotic coquette."[56][57] Filming has also taken place in areas outside of Cardiff, including Merthyr Tydfil.[58]

Roald Dahl Plass, outside the Millennium Centre, acts as the exterior of the Hub.

The team's headquarters, referred to as the Hub, is beneath Roald Dahl Plass in Cardiff Bay — formerly known as the Oval Basin. This is where the TARDIS landed in the Doctor Who episodes "Boom Town" and "Utopia" to refuel, and is the location of the spacetime rift first seen in "The Unquiet Dead". The Hub itself is around 3 stories high, with a large column running through the middle that is an extension of the fountain above; at its base lies the rift machine. The Hub has two means of access: a lift that rises to the plass next to the fountain (camouflaged by a perception filter), and a more mundane entrance hidden in a tourism office.

The military base scenes in "Sleeper" and the booby-trapped abandoned warehouse scenes in "Fragments" were filmed at RAF Caerwent, near Chepstow, South Wales.

Critical Reception

Main article: Reception of Torchwood

As a spin-off of long-running British cultural artifact Doctor Who, Torchwood's launch into British popular culture has received much positive and negative review, commentary and parody following the hype of its inception, especially regarding its status as an "adult" Doctor Who spin-off as well as its characterisation and portrayal of sex. Reviews for the first series were largely negative, with sites such as Behind the Sofa giving many more negative reviews than positive ones. Reviews of the second series have been more positive, and Metacritic, an American review aggregator website, gives Torchwood series one a rating of 74 out of 100, meaning "generally favourable reviews".[59] The show's second series rates higher, at 81 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim."[60]

In April 2007, Torchwood beat its parent series, which is also made in Wales, to win the Best Drama Series category at the BAFTA Cymru Awards. The awards, given by the Welsh branch of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, celebrate the achievements of film and television productions made in Wales. Eve Myles won the Best Actress category at the same awards, ahead of Doctor Who's Billie Piper.[61]

In 2008, the episode "Captain Jack Harkness" was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form.[62]

Ratings

The first episodes of Torchwood on BBC Three gave the channel its highest ever ratings, and the highest ratings of any digital-only non-sports channel at the time with 2.519 million viewers (though this has since been surpassed by Bionic Woman on ITV2 which gained 2.553 million in March 2008 [63]). The audience share was 12.7%, increasing to 13.8% for the second episode (shown immediately after the first episode on the same day), despite viewership dropping to 2.498 million.[64]

Ratings for later episodes dropped to around 1.1-1.2 million viewers during the first showing on BBC Three (the lowest being 0.8 million for week ending 24/12/06), but nevertheless, the show remained the most viewed programme on BBC Three by a wide margin.[65]. The repeat screenings on BBC Two later the same week were around 2.2-2.3 million (dropping to under 1.1 and 1.8 respectively for the weeks ending 03/12/06 and 10/12/06).

For its second series which began in January 2008, Torchwood was moved to the more established BBC Two channel. Again, initial ratings were respectable and the first episode garnered 4.22 million viewers. However, the series again began to decline and had lost a million viewers by its fourth episode. It later dropped to a low of 2.52 million viewers towards the end of its run [66], even after the BBC had moved it from its usual Wednesday night slot (where it was being consistently beaten by ITV's programming and Channel 4's no.1 series, Grand Designs) to Friday nights. The second series had an overall average rating of 3.26 million viewers on BBC Two.

Themes

Main article: Themes in Torchwood

Torchwood explores several themes in its narrative, in particular LGBT themes. Various characters are portrayed as sexually fluid; through those characters, the series examines homosexual and bisexual relationships. The programme also addresses issues around existentialism, the nature of human life and the absence of an afterlife, and the corrupting nature of power.

Episodes

Main article: List of Torchwood episodes

The premiere episode "Everything Changes" was written by Russell T Davies and serves to introduce the main characters and roles within the series, using newcomer Gwen as the audience surrogate in a similar style to the introduction of the companion characters in Doctor Who. The second episode, titled "Day One", aired immediately after the first. It continues Gwen's neophyte role and includes a classic "sex monster" science fiction storyline[67] in the vein of The Outer Limits episode "Caught in the Act" and Angel's second episode "Lonely Hearts". The first 13-episode series ended with a two-parter on 1 January 2007. The first part, entitled "Captain Jack Harkness", is a love story set in wartime Britain, with a subplot which serves to push the setting towards an "apocalypse" for series finale "End of Days". It deals with the ramifications of diseases and persons from throughout history falling through time and across the universe to arrive in the present day, and particularly in Cardiff. The episode also sets up Jack's return in the Doctor Who episode "Utopia".

The second 13-episode series of Torchwood begins by following on with Jack's return from the previous Doctor Who episode, "Last of the Time Lords" with the series premiere, "Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang", which aired 16 January 2008. The series introduces Jack's ex-partner Captain John Hart in its premiere, reveals flashbacks to Jack's childhood in "Adam" and shows how each member joined Torchwood in the penultimate episode "Fragments". A three-episode arc ("Reset", "Dead Man Walking" and "A Day in the Death") in the middle of the series guest stars Doctor Who actress Freema Agyeman as Martha Jones, temporarily drafted into Torchwood. The arc focuses upon the death and partial resurrection of main character Owen Harper, and how he coped as a dead man. The second series' finale, "Exit Wounds" (which aired 4 April 2008) features the departures of main characters Owen and Tosh, whose deaths at the hands of Jack's long-lost brother Gray reduced the series' cast to Barrowman, Myles and David-Lloyd in its closing scenes. The Torchwood Three team made a crossover appearance in the series four finale of parent show Doctor Who, "The Stolen Earth"/"Journey's End", which featured Jack Harkness leaving the Doctor at the close of the story, accompanied by Martha Jones and Mickey Smith.

Spin-offs

BBC Two is airing Torchwood Declassified, a making-of programme similar to Doctor Who Confidential. Each Declassified episode runs under ten minutes, in contrast to Confidential's 45 (formerly 30).[68] Torchwood Declassified is also available online at the BBC's Torchwood site.

Torchwood has "a heavy online presence".[69] At the Edinburgh International Television Festival, BBC Director of Television Jana Bennett said that the online features will include the ability to explore the Hub, an imaginary desktop, weekly 10-minute behind-the-scenes vodcasts. Due to digital media rights restrictions most video content on the BBC Three websites is only accessible to users within the UK. "You can join the corporation of Torchwood and be one of its employees," said Bennett.[70] The Flash-based interactive website, including the Hub Tour, debuted on 12 October 2006.[71]

To tie in to Radio 4's CERN themed day in 2008, a CERN-themed radio episode of Torchwood written by Joseph Lidster, entitled "Lost Souls", aired as the day's Afternoon Play on 10 September.[72] This was the first Torchwood drama not to feature Burn Gorman and Naoko Mori.[73] Three further episodes are to be broadcast on 1–3 July 2009: "Asylum",[74] "Golden Age"[75] and "The Dead Line".[76][77][78]

Merchandise

See also: Doctor Who merchandise

Titan Magazines have launched a Torchwood Magazine[79] which was released on 24 January 2008 in the United Kingdom. The United States version was launched in February 2008. The Australia/New Zealand version was launched in April 2008.

DVD releases

File:Torchwood-Series-One-Cover-UK.jpg
The UK series one, part one (Episodes 1-5) DVD box

The complete first series has been released on Region 2 DVD in the UK. A North American Region 1 release occurred 22 January 2008, following the broadcast of Series 1 on BBC America in the United States and the CBC in Canada. Series One Part One, Two and Three have been released In Australia Region 4, with the Complete First Series released in February 2008. The complete series 1 sets released in the UK and US also include the episodes of the behind-the-scenes series Torchwood Declassified. The Complete Second Series was released on 30 June 2008 (Region 2), along with the Complete First series on Blu-ray and HD DVD. Series 1 and 2 episodes are currently available for download through iTunes in the US[80] and UK.[81]

DVD Name UK Release Date North American Release Date Australian Release Date New Zealand Release Date
Series One Part One (Episodes 1-5):

26 December 2006

Complete (Episodes 1-13):

22 January 2008

Part One (Episodes 1-5):

31 July 2007

Complete (Episodes 1-13):

11 September 2008

Part Two (Episodes 6-9):

26 February 2007

Part Two (Episodes 6-9):

6 September 2007

Part Three (Episodes 10-13):

26 March 2007

Part Three (Episodes 10-13):

2 October 2007

Complete (Episodes 1-13):

19 November 2007[82]

Complete (Episodes 1-13):

6 February 2008

Series Two Complete (Episodes 1-13):

30 June 2008

Complete (Episodes 1-13):

16 September 2008

Complete (Episodes 1-13):

2 October 2008[83]

Complete (Episodes 1-13):

15 January 2009

Children Of Earth
(Series Three) 		Complete (Episodes 1-5):

13 July 2009[84]

Complete (Episodes 1-5):

28 July 2009[85]

Blu-ray releases

Release Name UK Release Date North American Release Date
The Complete First Series 30 June 2008[86] 16 September 2008[87]
The Complete Second Series 22 June 2009[88] 7 July 2009[89]
Children of Earth 13 July 2009[90] 28 July 2009[91]

Books

Main article: List of Torchwood novels and audio books

Accompanying the main series of Torchwood are a series of novels. The books are published in paperback-sized hardcover format, the same format BBC Books uses for its New Series Adventures line for Doctor Who. These novels were later released, abridged, as audiobooks.

Original soundtrack

Main articles: Torchwood: Original Television Soundtrack and Torchwood: Original Television Soundtrack - Children of Earth

On 22 September 2008, Silva Screen Records released a compilation of music featured in the show's first and second series. The disc features 32 tracks composed by Ben Foster and Murray Gold.[92] The soundtrack for Children of Earth will be available for download 7 July 2009.

References

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See also

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