Spatial frequency: Difference between revisions
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:<math> k \ = \ 2 \pi \nu \ = \ { 2 \pi \over \lambda } </math> |
:<math> k \ = \ 2 \pi \nu \ = \ { 2 \pi \over \lambda } </math> |
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==Visual perception== |
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In the study of [[visual perception]], [[sine wave|sinusoidal]] [[grating]]s are frequently used to probe the capabilities of the visual system. In these stimuli, spatial frequency is expressed as the number of cycles per [[degree (angle)|degree]] of [[visual angle]]. |
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Different spatial frequencies convey different information about the appearance of a stimulus. High spatial frequencies represent abrupt spatial changes in the image, such as edges, and generally correspond to configural information and fine detail. Low spatial frequencies, on the other hand, represent global information about the shape, such as general orientation and proportions.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bar M |title=Visual objects in context |journal=Nat. Rev. Neurosci. |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=617–29 |year=2004 |month=Aug |pmid=15263892 |doi=10.1038/nrn1476 |quote=<br/>[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n8/box/nrn1476_BX2.html Box 2: Spatial frequencies and the information they convey] }}</ref> |
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In the general population of adults, the threshold for spatial frequency discrimination is about 7%. It is often poorer in dyslexic individuals <ref>{{cite journal |author=Ben-Yehudah G, Ahissar M |title=Sequential spatial frequency discrimination is consistently impaired among adult dyslexics |journal=Vision Res. |volume=44 |issue=10 |pages=1047–63 |year=2004 |month=May |pmid=15031099 |doi=10.1016/j.visres.2003.12.001 }}</ref>. |
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===Sinusoidal gratings and Michelson equation (and its role in contrast)=== |
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There is an important quantitative concept related to spatial frequency, known as the Michelson equation, shown here: |
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:<math> |
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\frac{I_\mathrm{max}-I_\mathrm{min}}{I_\mathrm{max}+I_\mathrm{min}}, |
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</math> |
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In layman's terms, this is the ratio of the crest-trough distance to the maximum thereof, which is twice the average. One degree on the visual field represents four cycles on the wave pattern. |
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<ref>"Vision" McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, vol. 19, p.292 1997</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* {{cite web |
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| url = http://webvision.med.utah.edu/KallSpatial.html#contrast |
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| title = Webvision: Part IX Psychophysics of Vision. 2 Visual Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity | publisher = University of Utah |
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| first1 = Michael | last1 = Kalloniatis | first2 = Charles | last2 = Luu |
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| date = 2007 | accessdate = July 2009 |
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}} |
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* {{cite web |
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| url = http://www.usd.edu/coglab/CSFIntro.htm |
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| title = The Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF) |
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| publisher = University of South Dakota Internet Psychology Laboratory |
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| accessdate = July 2009 |
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}} (with on-line demonstration) |
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{{physics-stub}} |
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[[de:Ortsfrequenz]] |
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[[fa:بسامد فضایی]] |
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[[ja:空間周波数]] |
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[[zh:空間頻率]] |
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Revision as of 16:51, 7 August 2009
In mathematics, physics, and engineering, spatial frequency is a characteristic of any structure that is periodic across position in space. The spatial frequency is a measure of how often the structure repeats per unit of distance. The SI unit of spatial frequency is cycles per meter. In image processing applications, the spatial frequency often is measured as lines per millimeter, which is 1000 times smaller than the SI unit.
In wave mechanics, the spatial frequency is related to the wavelength by
Likewise, the wave number k is related to spatial frequency and wavelength by
Visual perception
In the study of visual perception, sinusoidal gratings are frequently used to probe the capabilities of the visual system. In these stimuli, spatial frequency is expressed as the number of cycles per degree of visual angle.
Different spatial frequencies convey different information about the appearance of a stimulus. High spatial frequencies represent abrupt spatial changes in the image, such as edges, and generally correspond to configural information and fine detail. Low spatial frequencies, on the other hand, represent global information about the shape, such as general orientation and proportions.[1] In the general population of adults, the threshold for spatial frequency discrimination is about 7%. It is often poorer in dyslexic individuals [2].
Sinusoidal gratings and Michelson equation (and its role in contrast)
There is an important quantitative concept related to spatial frequency, known as the Michelson equation, shown here:
In layman's terms, this is the ratio of the crest-trough distance to the maximum thereof, which is twice the average. One degree on the visual field represents four cycles on the wave pattern. [3]
See also
References
- ^ Bar M (2004). "Visual objects in context". Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5 (8): 617–29. doi:10.1038/nrn1476. PMID 15263892.
Box 2: Spatial frequencies and the information they convey{{cite journal}}: External link in|quote=|month=ignored (help) - ^ Ben-Yehudah G, Ahissar M (2004). "Sequential spatial frequency discrimination is consistently impaired among adult dyslexics". Vision Res. 44 (10): 1047–63. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2003.12.001. PMID 15031099.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ "Vision" McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, vol. 19, p.292 1997
External links
- Kalloniatis, Michael; Luu, Charles (2007). "Webvision: Part IX Psychophysics of Vision. 2 Visual Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity". University of Utah. Retrieved July 2009.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - "The Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF)". University of South Dakota Internet Psychology Laboratory. Retrieved July 2009.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) (with on-line demonstration)
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