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Reverted to revision 306492473 by Wtmitchell; Edits were at good faith. But the a lot of the info added is unsourced (OFW article has lots of probs). At least the other info was sourced. (TW)
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This is about Filipino people, not immigrants from Europe/Latin America
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About 30,000 years ago, the [[Negritos]], who became the ancestors of the Aeta, Agta, Ayta, Ati, Dumagat and other tribes of the Philippines forms about .003% of the total Philippine population.<ref name=State2794>{{cite web| url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2794.htm | title=Background note:Philippines | publisher=U.S. Department of State Diplomacy in Action | accessdate=April 2009}}</ref> Approximately 2,000 years ago [[Taiwanese aborigines]] settled in what is now the Philippines by sailing or traveling in land bridges. The [[Indigenous peoples of the Philippines]] were also in contact with other Asian people such as Malaysian, Indonesian and Chinese.{{fact|date=August 2009}} Various ethnic groups established several communities formed by the assimilation of various Indigenous Philippine kingdoms. By the 13th century, Islam was brought to the Philippines by Muslim traders from Malaysia and Indonesia. Most Indigenous tribes of the Philippines practised a mixture of Animism and Islam. There were native villages called Barangays ruled by [[Rajah]]s and [[Datu]]s.<ref name=State2794 />
About 30,000 years ago, the [[Negritos]], who became the ancestors of the Aeta, Agta, Ayta, Ati, Dumagat and other tribes of the Philippines forms about .003% of the total Philippine population.<ref name=State2794>{{cite web| url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2794.htm | title=Background note:Philippines | publisher=U.S. Department of State Diplomacy in Action | accessdate=April 2009}}</ref> Approximately 2,000 years ago [[Taiwanese aborigines]] settled in what is now the Philippines by sailing or traveling in land bridges. The [[Indigenous peoples of the Philippines]] were also in contact with other Asian people such as Malaysian, Indonesian and Chinese.{{fact|date=August 2009}} Various ethnic groups established several communities formed by the assimilation of various Indigenous Philippine kingdoms. By the 13th century, Islam was brought to the Philippines by Muslim traders from Malaysia and Indonesia. Most Indigenous tribes of the Philippines practised a mixture of Animism and Islam. There were native villages called Barangays ruled by [[Rajah]]s and [[Datu]]s.<ref name=State2794 />


During Spanish rule, the Philippines were governed by [[Mexico City]] on behalf of the [[Spanish Empire]]. Early Spanish settlers were mostly explorers, soldiers, government official, and religious missionares who were born in [[Spain]] and [[Mexico]]. The Peninsulares (Spanish governors born in Spain) settled in the islands to govern the territory. Intermarriage between Spaniards and the Indigenous people sometimes occurred, but was not common as it was in the [[Americas]]. Only a minority of intermarriage, and inter-breeding took place between the two ethnic groups in the Philippines. Some settlers married the daughters of Rajahs, and Datus (Chieftains) to reinforce the colonization of the islands while some married only other Spaniards. Mexicans of European and Mestizo heritage also arrived in the Philippines. Between 1565, and 1815, [[Hispanics]] from Mexico and Spain sailed to and from the Philippines, assisting Spain in its trade between [[Latin America]] and the islands.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.analitica.com/Bitblio/emily_monroy/race_mixing.asp | title=Race Mixing and Westernization in Latin America and the Philippines | publisher=Analitica.com Venezuela | accessdate=2002-08-23}}</ref> By the opening of the [[Suez Canal]] in 1867, the Philippines were opened for International trade, and there were some Europeans such as the British, German, and French, who settled in the islands.
During Spanish rule, the Philippines were governed by [[Mexico City]] on behalf of the [[Spanish Empire]]. Early Spanish settlers were mostly explorers, soldiers, government official, and religious missionares who were born in [[Spain]] and [[Mexico]]. The Peninsulares (Spanish governors born in Spain) settled in the islands to govern the territory. Intermarriage between Spaniards and the Indigenous people sometimes occurred, but was not common as it was in the [[Americas]]. Only a minority of intermarriage, and inter-breeding took place between the two ethnic groups in the Philippines. Some settlers married the daughters of Rajahs, and Datus (Chieftains) to reinforce the colonization of the islands while some married only other Spaniards. By the opening of the [[Suez Canal]] in 1867, the Philippines were opened for International trade, and there were some Europeans such as the British, German, and French, who settled in the islands.


After the defeat of Spain during the [[Spanish-American War]] in 1898, General [[Wesley Merritt]] became the first American [[Governor-General of the Philippines#United States Military Government (1898-1901)|governors]] of the Philippines. On December 10, 1898, the [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]] formally ended the war, with Spain ceding the Philippines and other colonies to the [[United States]] in exchange for $20 million dollars.<ref>Article 3 of [http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/sp1898.asp the treaty] specifically associated the $20 million payment with the transfer of the Philippines.</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.oovrag.com/essays/essay2003b-3.shtml | title=American Conquest of the Philippines - War and Consequences: Benevolent Assimilation and the 1899 PhilAm War | publisher=www.oovrag.com | accessdate=April 2003}}</ref> United States civil governance was established in 1901, with [[William Howard Taft]] as the first American [[Governor-General of the Philippines#United States Colonial Government (1901-1935)|Governor-General]],<ref>{{cite web| url=http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Classroom/Student_writing/1301v-s2005/Group3/Philippines.htm | title=The Philippines/Philippines - A History of Resistance and Assimilation | publisher=voices.cla.umn.edu | accessdate=2005}}</ref> and a number of Americans settled in the islands. [[World War II]] was a period of American migration to the Philippines. The country gained independence from the United States in 1946.
After the defeat of Spain during the [[Spanish-American War]] in 1898, General [[Wesley Merritt]] became the first American [[Governor-General of the Philippines#United States Military Government (1898-1901)|governors]] of the Philippines. On December 10, 1898, the [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]] formally ended the war, with Spain ceding the Philippines and other colonies to the [[United States]] in exchange for $20 million dollars.<ref>Article 3 of [http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/sp1898.asp the treaty] specifically associated the $20 million payment with the transfer of the Philippines.</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.oovrag.com/essays/essay2003b-3.shtml | title=American Conquest of the Philippines - War and Consequences: Benevolent Assimilation and the 1899 PhilAm War | publisher=www.oovrag.com | accessdate=April 2003}}</ref> United States civil governance was established in 1901, with [[William Howard Taft]] as the first American [[Governor-General of the Philippines#United States Colonial Government (1901-1935)|Governor-General]],<ref>{{cite web| url=http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Classroom/Student_writing/1301v-s2005/Group3/Philippines.htm | title=The Philippines/Philippines - A History of Resistance and Assimilation | publisher=voices.cla.umn.edu | accessdate=2005}}</ref> and a number of Americans settled in the islands. [[World War II]] was a period of American migration to the Philippines. The country gained independence from the United States in 1946.

Revision as of 02:20, 11 August 2009

Filipino people
Corazón AquinoEmilio AguinaldoVina MoralesManny Pacquiao
Ignacia del Espíritu SantoCharlene GonzalesJeanne Angeles HarnImelda Marcos
Lea SalongaJuan LunaCatherine UntalanGloria Arroyo

1st row: Corazón Aquino · Emilio Aguinaldo · Vina Morales · Manny Pacquiao
2nd row: Ignacia del Espíritu Santo · Charlene Gonzales · Jeanne Angeles Harn · Imelda Marcos

3rd row: Lea Salonga · Juan Luna · Catherine Untalan · Gloria Arroyo
Total population
about 103 million people worldwide.[1]
Regions with significant populations
 Philippines92.2 million[2]
 United States3,053,179[3]
 Saudi Arabia1,066,401[4]
 Malaysia636,544[5]
 United Arab Emirates529,114[4]
 Canada410,695[6]
 United Kingdom203,035[4]
 Japan202,557[4]
 Qatar195,558[4]
 Kuwait139,802[4]
 Hong Kong130,810[7]
 Australia129,400[8]
 Italy120,192[4]
 South Korea63,464[9]
 New Zealand16,938[10]
Languages
Filipino, English, Spanish, Philippine languages and other languages.
Religion
Christianity (Roman Catholicism, and Protestantism), Islam, Buddhism, Traditional and folk religions and other religion.
Related ethnic groups
Malay people, Austronesian people and Asian people.

Filipino people refers to nationals of the Republic of the Philippines and to persons having Filipino ancestry. The name Filipino was derived from king Philip II of Spain, the Spanish name given to the Philippines in the 16th century, by Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos.[11] There are about 92 million Filipinos in the Philippines[12] and about 11 million outside the Philippines[13].

Colloquially, Filipinos refer to themselves as "Pinoy" (feminine: "Pinay"), which is a slang word formed by taking the last four letters of "Pilipino", and adding the diminutive suffix "-y". Many Philippine languages lack /f/ as a phoneme and is substituted by /p/ turning "Filipino" into "Pilipino".

History

Main article: History of the Philippines

The earliest human remains found in the Philippines are the fossilized fragments of a skull and jawbone, discovered in the 1960s by Dr. Robert B. Fox, an American anthropologist of the National Museum.[14] Anthropologists who have examined these human remains agreed that it belonged to modern human beings. These include the homo sapiens, as distinguished from the mid-Pleistocene homo erectus species. This indicates that the human remains were Pre-Mongoloid. Mongoloid being the term anthropologists applied to the ethnic group which migrated to Southeast Asia during the Holocene period and evolved into the Austronesian people, a group of Malay or Malayo-Polynesian speaking people, a dialect part of the Austronesian language,[15] and Formosan language[16] found in Southeast Asia, the Polynesian islands and Madagascar.[17][18][19]

About 30,000 years ago, the Negritos, who became the ancestors of the Aeta, Agta, Ayta, Ati, Dumagat and other tribes of the Philippines forms about .003% of the total Philippine population.[20] Approximately 2,000 years ago Taiwanese aborigines settled in what is now the Philippines by sailing or traveling in land bridges. The Indigenous peoples of the Philippines were also in contact with other Asian people such as Malaysian, Indonesian and Chinese.[citation needed] Various ethnic groups established several communities formed by the assimilation of various Indigenous Philippine kingdoms. By the 13th century, Islam was brought to the Philippines by Muslim traders from Malaysia and Indonesia. Most Indigenous tribes of the Philippines practised a mixture of Animism and Islam. There were native villages called Barangays ruled by Rajahs and Datus.[20]

During Spanish rule, the Philippines were governed by Mexico City on behalf of the Spanish Empire. Early Spanish settlers were mostly explorers, soldiers, government official, and religious missionares who were born in Spain and Mexico. The Peninsulares (Spanish governors born in Spain) settled in the islands to govern the territory. Intermarriage between Spaniards and the Indigenous people sometimes occurred, but was not common as it was in the Americas. Only a minority of intermarriage, and inter-breeding took place between the two ethnic groups in the Philippines. Some settlers married the daughters of Rajahs, and Datus (Chieftains) to reinforce the colonization of the islands while some married only other Spaniards. By the opening of the Suez Canal in 1867, the Philippines were opened for International trade, and there were some Europeans such as the British, German, and French, who settled in the islands.

After the defeat of Spain during the Spanish-American War in 1898, General Wesley Merritt became the first American governors of the Philippines. On December 10, 1898, the Treaty of Paris formally ended the war, with Spain ceding the Philippines and other colonies to the United States in exchange for $20 million dollars.[21][22] United States civil governance was established in 1901, with William Howard Taft as the first American Governor-General,[23] and a number of Americans settled in the islands. World War II was a period of American migration to the Philippines. The country gained independence from the United States in 1946.

Genetic studies

A Stanford University study conducted during 2001 revealed that Haplogroup O3-M122 (labeled as "Haplogroup L" in this study) is the most common Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup found among Filipinos. This particular haplogroup is also predominant among Chinese, Koreans and Vietnamese. Another haplogroup, Haplogroup O1a-M119 (labeled as "Haplogroup H" in this study), is also found among Filipinos. The rates of Haplogroup O1a are highest among the Taiwanese aborigines and Chamic-speaking people. Overall, the genetic frequencies found among Filipinos point to the Ami tribe of Taiwan as their nearest genetic ancestors.[24] These findings are consistent with the theory that ancestors of the Filipino people have originated on continental East or Southeast Asia before migrating to the Philippines via Taiwan. A 2002 China Medical University study indicated that Filipinos shared genetic chromosome that is found among Asian people, such as Taiwanese aborigines, Indonesians, Thais and Chinese.[25] A variety of research study by the University of the Philippines, genetic chromosome were found in Filipinos which are shared by people from different parts of East Asia, and Southeast Asia. The predominant genotype detected was SC, the Southeast Asian genotype.[26]

The official population of mixed-blood individuals in the Philippines remain unknown. However, according to a recent study conducted by Stanford University Asia-Pacific Research Center, stated that 3.6% of the Philippine population has varying degrees of European ancestry from Spanish and United States colonization.[27]

Languages

Main article: Languages of the Philippines

According to Ethnologue, there are about 180 languages spoken in the Philippines. Filipino (based on Tagalog), and English are the official languages. Other major and minor languages of the Philippines include Cebuano, Ilokano, Hiligaynon, Waray, Kapampangan, Bikol, Pangasinan, Tausug, Maguindanao, Maranao, Kinaray-a, Chavacano and Spanish.

Diaspora

Main article: Overseas Filipino

Filipinos form a minority ethnic group in the Americas, Europe, Oceania,[28][29] the Middle East and other countries in the world.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to People of the Philippines.

Publications

  • Peter Bellwood (1991). "The Austronesian Dispersal and the Origin of Languages". Scientific American. 265: 88–93. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • Bellwood, Peter; Fox, James; & Tryon, Darrell (1995). The Austronesians: Historical and comparative perspectives. Department of Anthropology, Australian National University. ISBN 0-7315-2132-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Peter Bellwood (1998). "Taiwan and the Prehistory of the Austronesians-speaking Peoples". Review of Archaeology. 18: 39–48.
  • Peter Bellwood & Alicia Sánchez-Mazas (2005). "Human Migrations in Continental East Asia and Taiwan: Genetic, Linguistic, and Archaeological Evidence". Current Anthropology. 46 (3): 480–485. doi:10.1086/430018. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • David Blundell. "Austronesian Disperal". Newsletter of Chinese Ethnology. 35: 1–26.
  • Robert Blust (1985). "The Austronesian Homeland: A Linguistic Perspective". Asian Perspectives. 20: 46–67.
  • Peter Fuller (2002). "Asia Pacific Research". Reading the Full Picture. Canberra, Australia: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. Retrieved July 28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  • "Homepage of linguist Dr. Lawrence Reid". Retrieved July 28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  • Malcolm Ross & Andrew Pawley (1993). "Austronesian historical linguistics and culture history". Annual Review of Anthropology. 22: 425–459. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.22.100193.002233.
  • Scott, William Henry (1984). "Prehispanic Source Materials for the study of Philippine History". New Day Publishers. Retrieved 2008-08-05.. ISBN 9789711002268.
  • John Edward Terrell (Dec. 2004). "Introduction: 'Austronesia' and the great Austronesian migration". World Archaeology. 36 (4): 586–591. doi:10.1080/0043824042000303764. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  • Zaide, Sonia M. (1999). The Philippines: A Unique Nation. All-Nations Publishing. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |origdate= ignored (|orig-date= suggested) (help)
  • a ARE - Jose N. Franco Jr (28 April 2007). "Jan-Feb 2007 remittances by Filipinos in Dubai grow 96pc". Khaleej Tomes. Retrieved 2007-05-09..
  • a AUS - "Year Book Australia, 2007 Contents >> Population >> Country of birth". Australia Bureau of Statistics. 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-08..
  • a CAN - "Population by Ethnic Origin". Asia pacific foundation of Canada. Retrieved 2007-05-08..
  • a GWM - "Country Profile: Guam - People". CIA Factbook. Retrieved 2007-05-12..
  • a HKG - "Hong Kong Yearbook 2005 - population". Central Statistics Office. 2005. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
  • a IRL - "Principal Statistics of Ireland by nationality". Retrieved 2007-04-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • a ITA - Lawrence Casiraya. "Microsoft training centers cater to 200,000 OFWs in Italy". Inquirer.net. Retrieved 2007-08-14..
  • a JPN - "Undocumented Filipinos cross the great divide in Japan". Philippines Today. Retrieved 2007-05-09..
  • a LBN - Maila Ager (August 3, 2006). "'Standby fund' for OFWS in Lebanon gets House committee nod". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2007-05-09..
  • a NZL - "QuickStats About Culture and Identity". Statistics New Zealand Tatauranga Aoteroa. August 3, 2006. Retrieved 2007-05-12..
  • a ROK - "Secretary Albert Assures Filipinos in Korea of Continued Government Protection for Their Interests". Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs. August 3, 2006. Retrieved 2007-05-12..
  • a SAU - "International Religious Freedom Report 2005 - Saudi Arabia". Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State. 2005. Retrieved 2007-05-09..
  • a TWN - Alien Workers in Taiwan-Fukien Area by Industry and Nationality (JPG and PDF format), 2006 February, CLA, Taiwan.
  • USA

References

  1. ^ Combination of Filipinos living in the Philippines and Filipinos living abroad (OFW)
  2. ^ Philippines U.S. Department of State.
  3. ^ Filipino Statistics: US US Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 June 2009
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Stock Estimates of Overseas Filipinos 2007 Report. Philippine Oversea Employment Administration. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  5. ^ Filipinos in Malaysia. Office Press Secretary of the Philippines. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  6. ^ Filipino Canadian Statistics Canada. Retrieved 30 June 2009
  7. ^ Filipinos in Hong Kong Hong Kong Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  8. ^ Filipino Australian Australia Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 30 June 2009
  9. ^ Filipinos in South Korea. Korean Culture and Information Service (KOIS). Retrieved 21 July 2009.
  10. ^ Filipinos in New Zealand. Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 2 July 2009
  11. ^ "Filipino". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2001. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  12. ^ Philippines Statistics National Statistics Office projection. Retrieved 30 June 2009
  13. ^ Yvette Collymore (2003). "Rapid Population Growth, Crowded Cities Present Challenges in the Philippines". Population Reference Bureau. Retrieved 2009-06-30. An estimated 10 percent of the country's population, or nearly 8 million people, are overseas Filipino workers distributed in 182 countries, according to POPCOM. That is in addition to the estimated 3 million migrants who work illegally abroad {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ^ "Archaeology in the Philippines, the National Museum and an Emergent Filipino Nation". Wilhelm G. Solheim II foundation for Philippine Archaeology, Inc.
  15. ^ "Ethnologue report for the Austronesian Language". Ethnologue.com languages.
  16. ^ "Prehispanic Source Materials for the study of Philippine History". New Day Publisher. Retrieved 1984. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  17. ^ "Origin of the Polynesian peoples" (PDF).
  18. ^ "Pacific People Spead From Taiwan, Language Evolution Study Shows". Science Daily. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
  19. ^ "Austronesian genetic signature in East African Madagascar and Polynesia". Springer Link - Journal Article. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  20. ^ a b "Background note:Philippines". U.S. Department of State Diplomacy in Action. Retrieved April 2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  21. ^ Article 3 of the treaty specifically associated the $20 million payment with the transfer of the Philippines.
  22. ^ "American Conquest of the Philippines - War and Consequences: Benevolent Assimilation and the 1899 PhilAm War". www.oovrag.com. Retrieved April 2003. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  23. ^ "The Philippines/Philippines - A History of Resistance and Assimilation". voices.cla.umn.edu. Retrieved 2005. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  24. ^ Capelli, Cristian (2001). "A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania" (pdf). American journal of Human Genetics. 68: 432–443. doi:10.1086/318205. Retrieved 2007-06-24. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); line feed character in |coauthors= at position 56 (help)
  25. ^ Chang JG, Ko YC, Lee JC, Chang SJ, Liu TC, Shih MC, Peng CT. "Molecular analysis of mutations and polymorphisms of the Lewis secretor type alpha(1,2)-fucosyltransferase gene reveals that Taiwanese aborigines are of Austronesian derivation". Journal of Human Genetics, abstract from PubMed (www.pubmed.gov). Retrieved 2002. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Miranda JJ, Sugimoto C, Paraguison R, Takasaka T, Zheng HY, Yogo Y. "Genetic diversity of JC virus in the modern Filipino population: implications for the peopling of the Philippines". Journal of Human Genetics, abstract from PubMed (www.pubmed.gov). Retrieved 2007-03-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ "A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular South Asia and Oceania" (PDF). Stanford University. Retrieved 2001. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  28. ^ "National Summary Tables". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2001-06-06.
  29. ^ "Population Composition: Asian-born Australians". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2001-06-06.
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