Talking drum: Difference between revisions

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A Tama (the "talking drum") is a drum whose pitch can be regulated. The player puts the tama under one shoulder and beats the tama with a stick. Tama player controls the pitch by squeezing the drum with his arm. Tama is used in playing Mbalax music.

Tama and dundun are possibly the oldest instruments used by west-african griots and their history can be traced back to ancient Ghana Empire.

References

[Charry, Eric 2000 Mande Music: Traditional and Modern Music of the Maninka and Mandinka of Western Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago.]
]Chernoff, John Miller 1979 African Rhythm and African Sensibility. Chicago. The University of Chicago Press.]
[Diallo, Yaya and Hall, Mitchell 1989 The Healing Drum: African Wisdom Teachings. Rochester, Vermont. Destiny Books.]
[Drame, Adama & Senn-Horloz, Arlette 1992 Jeliya: Etre griot et musicien aujourd’hui. Paris. Harmattan.]
[Hale, Thomas A 1998 Griots and Griottes: Masters of words and Music. Bloomington and Indianapolis. Indiana university Press.]
[Jansen, Jan 2000 The Griots Craft: An Essay on Oral Tradition and Diplomacy. Hamburg. Lit Verlag.]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 A '''Tama''' (the "talking drum") is a drum whose pitch can be regulated. The player puts the tama under one shoulder and beats the tama with a stick. Tama player controls the pitch by squeezing the drum with his arm. Tama is used in playing [[Mbalax]] music.
-Tama and dundun are possibly the oldest instruments used by west-african [[Griot|griots]] and their history can be traced back to ancient [[Ghana Empire]].
+Tama and [[dundun]] are possibly the oldest instruments used by west-african [[Griot|griots]] and their history can be traced back to ancient [[Ghana Empire]].
 ==References==
 * [http://www.geocities.com/jbenhill/instruments.html Cosaan Senegalese Culture: Griot's musical instruments]
-* [http://www.africaguide.com/country/senegal/culture.htm#music Africa Guide: Senegalese Culture: Music  ]
+* [http://www.africaguide.com/country/senegal/culture.htm#music Africa Guide: Senegalese Culture: Music]
-    * [Charry, Eric 2000 Mande Music: Traditional and Modern Music of the Maninka and Mandinka of Western Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago.]
+* [Charry, Eric 2000 Mande Music: Traditional and Modern Music of the Maninka and Mandinka of Western Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago.]
-    * ]Chernoff, John Miller 1979 African Rhythm and African Sensibility. Chicago. The University of Chicago Press.]
+* ]Chernoff, John Miller 1979 African Rhythm and African Sensibility. Chicago. The University of Chicago Press.]
-    * [Diallo, Yaya and Hall, Mitchell 1989 The Healing Drum: African Wisdom Teachings. Rochester, Vermont. Destiny Books.]
+* [Diallo, Yaya and Hall, Mitchell 1989 The Healing Drum: African Wisdom Teachings. Rochester, Vermont. Destiny Books.]
-    * [Drame, Adama & Senn-Horloz, Arlette 1992 Jeliya: Etre griot et musicien aujourd’hui. Paris. Harmattan.]
+* [Drame, Adama & Senn-Horloz, Arlette 1992 Jeliya: Etre griot et musicien aujourd’hui. Paris. Harmattan.]
-    * [Hale, Thomas A 1998 Griots and Griottes: Masters of words and Music. Bloomington and Indianapolis. Indiana university Press.]
+* [Hale, Thomas A 1998 Griots and Griottes: Masters of words and Music. Bloomington and Indianapolis. Indiana university Press.]
-    * [Jansen, Jan 2000 The Griots Craft: An Essay on Oral Tradition and Diplomacy. Hamburg. Lit Verlag.]
+* [Jansen, Jan 2000 The Griots Craft: An Essay on Oral Tradition and Diplomacy. Hamburg. Lit Verlag.]