Submandibular ganglion

Submandibular ganglion
Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion. (Submandibular ganglion visible at bottom left, but not labeled.)
Parasympathetic connections of the submaxillary and superior cervical ganglia. (Submaxillary ganglion labeled at center right.)
Details
Innervates	submandibular gland, sublingual gland
Identifiers
Latin	ganglion submandibulare
TA98	A14.3.02.009
TA2	6667
FMA	6966
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

The submandibular ganglion (or submaxillary ganglion in older texts) is part of the human autonomic nervous system. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. (The others are the otic ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, and ciliary ganglion).

Function

The submandibular ganglion is responsible for innervation of two salivary glands: the submandibular gland and sublingual gland.

Location and relations

The submandibular ganglion is small and fusiform in shape. It is situated above the deep portion of the submandibular gland, on the hyoglossus muscle, near the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle.

The ganglion 'hangs' by two nerve filaments from the lower border of the lingual nerve (itself a branch of the mandibular nerve, CN V₃). It is suspended from the lingual nerve by two filaments, one anterior and one posterior. Through the posterior of these it receives a branch from the chorda tympani nerve which runs in the sheath of the lingual nerve.

Fibers

Like other parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck, the submandibular ganglion is the site of synapse for parasympathetic fibers and carries other types of nerve fiber that do not synapse in the ganglion. In summary, the fibers carried in the ganglion are:

• Sympathetic fibers from the external carotid plexus, via the facial artery and its branches. These do not synapse in this ganglion.
• Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus of the medulla oblongata, via the chorda tympani and lingual nerve. Here, the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the chorda tympani synapse with postganglionic fibers which go on to innervate the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.
• Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the oral mucosa and the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.

Additional images

• 
  Mandibular division of trifacial nerve, seen from the middle line.
• 
  Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.

External links

• Anatomy figure: 27:03-10 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
• cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (V, VII)
• head_autonomics_module/autonomics_09 anatomy module at med.umich.edu
• Template:EMedicineDictionary