1999 Southern Brazil blackout: Difference between revisions
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The '''1999 Southern Brazil blackout''' was a very large [[power outage]] that occurred in [[Brazil]] on [[March 11]]th [[1999]]. The blackout involved [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]], [[Minas Gerais]], [[Goiás]], [[Mato Grosso]] |
The '''1999 Southern Brazil blackout''' was a very large [[power outage]] that occurred in [[Brazil]] on [[March 11]]th [[1999]]. The blackout involved [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]], [[Minas Gerais]], [[Goiás]], [[Mato Grosso]], [[Mato Grosso do Sul]] and [[Rio Grande do Sul]], affecting 75 million people in total.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/main-body3.pdf|title=Does Liberalisation cause more electricity blackouts?|accessdate=2009-04-07|author=Claire Craig-Nassar <!-- BOT GENERATED AUTHOR -->|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5gkMHqK7g|archivedate=2009-05-13|deadurl=no}}</ref> It was caused when a lightning bolt struck the electricity substation in Bauru in São Paulo State causing trip in most of 440kV circuits of this substation. Brazil was having an investment crisis which led to rationed electricity usage in 2001, so without a lot of routes for the power to flow from the power plants in 440kV system (a very important system of São Paulo state that has the plants of the Paraná river) a lot of generators tripped because they did not had any load. After that the world's biggest power plant at the time Itaipu, tried to supply the load that was being supplied by the 440kV power plants, but the 750kV AC lines and the 600kV DC lines that connected the plant to the rest of the system could not take the load and tripped too.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/296038.stm|title=Lightning knocked out Brazil power |accessdate=2009-04-07}}</ref> |
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South of São Paulo the consumers experienced an overfrequency, caused because they had more generation than load, mostly because Itaipu was now connected only to this sub-system, but that problem was automatically solved by all generators in the area, that reduced their loads. |
South of São Paulo the consumers experienced an overfrequency, caused because they had more generation than load, mostly because Itaipu was now connected only to this sub-system, but that problem was automatically solved by all generators in the area, that reduced their loads. |
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The rest of the system experienced a much bigger problem, the underfrequency, that is when the system has a lot of load and no generator to supply. Some generators tripped because of this overfrequency, which just aggravated the problem, after an automatic rejection of 35% of all this sub-system load the underfrequency did not go away, which caused the system to break in many pieces, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states were broken away in many little pieces, very few of them remained online, most of Minas Gerais system remained online, and kept some of loads from Brazil's capital, Brasilia, the state of Goias and some of Espirito Santo |
The rest of the system experienced a much bigger problem, the underfrequency, that is when the system has a lot of load and no generator to supply. Some generators tripped because of this overfrequency, which just aggravated the problem, after an automatic rejection of 35% of all this sub-system load the underfrequency did not go away, which caused the system to break in many pieces, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states were broken away in many little pieces, very few of them remained online, most of Minas Gerais system remained online, and kept some of loads from Brazil's capital, Brasilia, the state of Goias and some of Espirito Santo |
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Revision as of 17:17, 12 November 2009
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The 1999 Southern Brazil blackout was a very large power outage that occurred in Brazil on March 11th 1999. The blackout involved São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul, affecting 75 million people in total.[1] It was caused when a lightning bolt struck the electricity substation in Bauru in São Paulo State causing trip in most of 440kV circuits of this substation. Brazil was having an investment crisis which led to rationed electricity usage in 2001, so without a lot of routes for the power to flow from the power plants in 440kV system (a very important system of São Paulo state that has the plants of the Paraná river) a lot of generators tripped because they did not had any load. After that the world's biggest power plant at the time Itaipu, tried to supply the load that was being supplied by the 440kV power plants, but the 750kV AC lines and the 600kV DC lines that connected the plant to the rest of the system could not take the load and tripped too.[2] South of São Paulo the consumers experienced an overfrequency, caused because they had more generation than load, mostly because Itaipu was now connected only to this sub-system, but that problem was automatically solved by all generators in the area, that reduced their loads. The rest of the system experienced a much bigger problem, the underfrequency, that is when the system has a lot of load and no generator to supply. Some generators tripped because of this overfrequency, which just aggravated the problem, after an automatic rejection of 35% of all this sub-system load the underfrequency did not go away, which caused the system to break in many pieces, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states were broken away in many little pieces, very few of them remained online, most of Minas Gerais system remained online, and kept some of loads from Brazil's capital, Brasilia, the state of Goias and some of Espirito Santo
In Rio the military police placed 1,200 men in the streets to avoid looting.[3] In São Paulo, traffic authorities announced they closed the city's tunnels to prevent assaults. More than 60,000 people were on Rio's subway when lights went out. At midnight, power began returning to some areas.[4]
See also
References
- ^ Claire Craig-Nassar. "Does Liberalisation cause more electricity blackouts?". Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2009-04-07.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Lightning knocked out Brazil power". Retrieved 2009-04-07.
- ^ "The Darkest Night". Archived from the original on 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2009-04-07.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Wide Power Failure Strikes Southern Brazil". Retrieved 2009-04-07.