Realisms

Realism, Realist or Realistic may refer to:

Philosophy

• Aesthetic Realism, a philosophy founded by the American poet and critic Eli Siegel
• Australian realism or Australian materialism, a 20th Century school of philosophy in Australia
• Christian Realism, a philosophy advocated by Reinhold Niebuhr
• Constructive realism, a philosophy of science
• Cornell realism, a view in meta-ethics associated with the work of Richard Boyd and others
• Critical realism, a philosophy of perception concerned with the accuracy of human sense-data
• Direct realism, a theory of perception
• Entity realism, a philosophical position within scientific realism
• Epistemological realism, a subcategory of objectivism
• Hyper-realism or Hyperreality, the inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from fantasy
• Mathematical realism, a branch of philosophy of mathematics
• Moderate realism, a position holding that there is no realm where universals exist
• Modal realism, a philosophy propounded by David Lewis, that possible worlds are as real as the actual world
• Moral realism, the view in philosophy that there are objective moral values
• Mystical realism, a philosophy concerning the nature of the divine, advanced by Nikolai Berdyaev
• Naive realism, a common sense theory of perception
• New realism (philosophy), a school of early 20th-century epistemology rejecting epistemological dualism
• Organic realism or the Philosophy of Organism, the metaphysics of Alfred North Whitehead, now known as process philosophy
• Philosophical realism, the belief that reality exists independently of observers
• Platonic realism, a philosophy articulated by Plato, positing the existence of universals
• Quasi-realism, an expressivist meta-ethical theory which asserts that though our moral claims are projectivist we understand them in realist terms
• Representative realism, the view that we cannot perceive the external world directly
• Scientific realism, the view that the world described by science is the real world
• Transcendental realism, a concept implying that individuals have a perfect understanding of the limitations of their own minds
• Truth-value link realism, a metaphysical concept explaining how to understand parts of the world that are apparently cognitively inaccessible

Aesthetics & Literature

• Realism (arts), the depiction of subjects as they appear in everyday life
• Realism (theatre), a movement towards greater fidelity to real life
• Realism (visual arts), a style of painting that depicts what the eye can see
• Classical Realism, an artistic movement in late 20th Century that valued beauty and artistic skill
• Hyperrealism (painting), a genre of painting that resembles high resolution photography
• Kitchen sink realism, an English cultural movement in the 1950s and 1960s that concentrated on contemporary social realism
• Literary realism, a 19th century literary movement
• Magic realism, an artistic genre in which magical elements appear in an otherwise realistic setting
• Nazi heroic realism or the art of the third Reich, a style of propaganda art associated with Nazi Germany
• Neorealism, a movement emphasising realism in cinema and literature
• New Realism, an artistic movement founded in 1960 by Pierre Restany and Yves Klein
• Poetic realism, a film movement in France in the 1930s that used heightened aestheticism
• Photorealism, a genre of painting that resembles photography
• Real estate realism, the factual depiction of the state of a market as it is in a given point in time.
• Romantic realism, an aesthetic art term popularized by writer/philosopher Ayn Rand
• Social realism, an artistic movement which depicts working class activities
• Socialist realism, a style of propaganda art associated with Communism

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International relations

• Defensive realism, a theory that anarchy on the world stage causes states to increase their security.
• Liberal realism or the "English school of international relations theory", the theory that there exists a 'society of states'
• Neorealism or structural realism, a theory that international structures act as a constraint on state behavior
• Offensive realism, a theory that states will exploit opportunities to expand whenever they are presented
• Political realism, a theory that the primary motivation of states is the desire for power or security, rather than ideals or ethics
• Post-realism, a theory that international realism is a particular rhetoric of international relations.
• Subaltern realism, a theory that Third World states are more concerned with short term gains.

Law

• Legal realism, a theory that law is made by human beings and thus subject to human imperfections
• Left realism, a theory that crime disproportionately affects working class people
• Right Realism, a theory about the prevention and control of crime.

Other fields

• Realism (album), a 2006 album by the German electronic band Steril mary grace
• Depressive realism, a contested theory that individuals suffering from clinical depression have a more accurate view of reality
• Ethnographic realism, a writing style, in anthropology, which narrates the author's experiences and observations as if they were first-hand
• Tactical realism, a genre of combat simulations in computer gaming
• Realists, a typeface in VOX-ATypI classification

See also

• Anti-realism
• Fantastic Realism (disambiguation)
• Irrealism (disambiguation)