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===Games===
===Games===
* [http://calcapps.webs.com Calc Apps] - Wide list of games, utilities and animations
* [http://calcg.org/ CalcG.org] - Very organized and easily accessible file archive
* [http://calcg.org/ CalcG.org] - Very organized and easily accessible file archive
* [http://www.cemetech.net Cemetech.net] - Various programs and games
* [http://www.cemetech.net Cemetech.net] - Various programs and games

Revision as of 00:51, 14 December 2009

TI-83
TypeGraphing calculator
ManufacturerTexas Instruments
Introduced1996
Calculator
Entry modeD.A.L.
CPU
ProcessorZilog Z80
Frequency6 MHz
Programming
Programming language(s)TI-BASIC
User memory32 KB RAM
Other
Power supply4 AAA's,
1 CR1616 or CR1620

The TI-83 series of graphing calculators is manufactured by Texas Instruments. The original TI-83 is itself an upgraded version of the TI-82. Released in 1996, it is one of the most used graphing calculators for students. In addition to the functions present on normal scientific calculators, the TI-83 includes many features, including function graphing, polar/parametric/sequence graphing modes, statistics, trigonometric, and algebraic functions. Although it does not include as many calculus functions, applications (for the TI-83 Plus -- see below) and programs can be downloaded from certain websites or written on the calculator.

TI replaced the TI-83 with the TI-83 Plus calculator in 1999, which included Flash memory, enabling the device's operating system to be updated if needed, or for large new Flash Applications to be stored, accessible through a new Apps key. The Flash memory can also be used to store user programs and data. In 2001 the TI-83 Plus Silver Edition was released, which featured approximately nine times the available Flash memory, and over twice the processing speed (15 MHz) of a standard TI-83 Plus, all in a translucent "sparkle" grey case.

The TI-83 was the first calculator in the TI series to have built in assembly language support. The TI-92, TI-85, and TI-82 were capable of running assembly language programs, but only after sending a specially constructed (hacked) memory backup. The support on the TI-83 could be accessed through a hidden feature of the calculator. Users would write their assembly (ASM) program on their computer, assemble it, and send it to their calculator as a program. The user would then execute the command "Send (9prgmXXX" (where XXX is the name of the program), and it would execute the program. Successors of the TI-83 replaced the Send() backdoor with a less-hidden Asm() command.

TI-83 Plus

TI-83+
The TI-83 Plus (second version of TI-83)
TypeGraphing calculator
ManufacturerTexas Instruments
Introduced1999
Calculator
Entry modeD.A.L.
CPU
ProcessorZilog Z80
Frequency6 MHz
Programming
Programming language(s)TI-BASIC
User memory32 KB RAM
Firmware memory512 KB
Other
Power supply4 AAA's,
1 CR1616 or CR1620

The TI-83 Plus is a graphing calculator made by Texas Instruments, designed in 1999 as an upgrade to the TI-83. The TI-83 Plus is one of TI's most popular calculators. It uses a Zilog Z80 microprocessor[1] running at 6 MHz, a 96×64 monochrome LCD screen, and 4 AAA batteries as well as backup CR1616 or CR1620 battery. A link port is also built into the calculator in the form of a 2.5mm jack. The main improvement over the TI-83, however, is the addition of 512 KB of Flash ROM, which allows for OS upgrades and applications to be installed. Most of the Flash memory is used by the OS, with 160 KB available for user files and applications. Another development is the ability to install Flash Applications, which allows the user to add functionality to the calculator. Such applications have been made for math and science, text editing, organizers and day planners, editing spread sheets, games, and many other uses.

Designed for use by high school students, though now used by middle school students in some public school systems, it contains all the features of a scientific calculator as well as function, parametric, polar, and sequential graphing capabilities; an environment for financial calculations; matrix operations; on-calculator programming; and more. Symbolic manipulation (differentiation, algebra) is not built into the TI-83 Plus, but is available via a flash application from Detached Solutions. It can be programmed using a language called TI-BASIC, which is similar to the BASIC computer language. Programming may also be done in TI Assembly, made up of Z80 assembly and a collection of TI provided system calls. Assembly programs run much faster, but are more difficult to write. Thus, the writing of Assembly programs is often done on the computer.

TI-83 Plus Silver Edition

TI-83+SE
TI-83 Plus Silver Edition
TypeGraphing calculator
ManufacturerTexas Instruments
Introduced2001 (83+SE)
Calculator
Entry modeD.A.L.
CPU
ProcessorZilog Z80
Frequency15 MHz (83+SE)
Programming
Programming language(s)TI-BASIC
User memory128 KB RAM (83+SE)
Other
Power supply4 AAA's,
1 CR1616 or CR1620

The TI-83 Plus Silver Edition is a newer version of the TI-83 Plus calculator, released in 2001. Its enhancements are 1.5 MB of Flash memory, a dual-speed 6/15 MHz processor, 96 KB of additional RAM (but TI has yet to code support for the entire RAM into an OS), an improved link transfer hardware, a translucent silver case, and more applications preinstalled. It also includes a USB link cable in the box. It is almost completely compatible with the TI-83 Plus; the only problems that may arise are with programs (i.e. games) that may run too quickly on the Silver Edition or with some programs which have problems with the link hardware. The key layout is the same. The TI-83 Plus Silver Edition is listed on the Texas Instruments website as "discontinued."

In April 2004, the TI-83 Plus Silver Edition was replaced by the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition. They feature the same processor and the same amount of Flash memory, but the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition features a built in USB port, clock, and changeable faceplates.

TI-84 Plus series

Main article: TI-84 Plus series

The TI-84 Plus series was introduced in April 2004 as a further update to the TI-83 line. Despite the new appearance, they are not vastly superior to the TI-83 Plus series. The main improvements of the TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus Silver Edition are a fancier case with changeable faceplates, new built in functions, more speed and memory over the TI-83 and base TI-83 Plus, a built-in clock, and built-in USB port connectivity. The TI-84 Plus has 3 times the memory of the TI-83 Plus, and the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition has 9 times the memory of the TI-83 Plus. They both have 2.5 times the speed of the TI-83 Plus. The operating system and math functionality remain almost the same, as does the standard link port for connecting with the rest of the TI Calculator series.

Technical specifications

CPU
Zilog Z80 CPU, 6 MHz (TI-83, 83+), or 15 MHz (Silver Edition), or Inventec 6S1837 (TI-83+ revision A)[2]
ROM
24 KB ROM (TI-83)
Flash ROM
512 KB with 163 KB available for user data and programs (83+) or 2 MB (Silver Edition)
RAM
32 KB RAM with 24 KB available for user data and programs (128 KB on Silver Edition, however the extra 96 KB is not user accessible by default, this extra memory is used in some Applications such as Omnicalc for a RAM recovery feature and a virtual calc)
84 series expandable via special software to use up disk space on a USB memory drive.
Display
Text: 16×8 characters (normal font)
Graphics: 96×64 pixels, monochrome
I/O
Link port, 9.6 kbit/s
50 button built-in interface
Power
4 AAA batteries plus 1 CR 1616 or CR 1620 for backup
Integrated programming languages
TI-BASIC, Assembly language and machine code. C requires a computer with a Z80 cross-compiler or an on-calc assembler.

Cryptographic Keys

Main article: Texas Instruments signing key controversy

In 2009, a group of enthusiasts used brute force and distributed methods to find all of the cryptographic signing keys for the calculator firmwares, allowing users to directly flash their own operating systems to the devices.[3] The key for the TI-83 calculator was first published by someone at the unitedti.org forum. They needed several months to crack it. The other keys were found after a few weeks by the unitedti.org community through a distributed computing project.[4]Texas Instruments then began sending out DMCA take-down requests to a variety of different websites mirroring the keys, including unitedTI and reddit.com.[5] They then became subject to the Streisand effect and were mirrored on a number of different sites, including Wikileaks.[6]

See also

Tech

Shells

  • CrunchyOS - Like Ion, but can compress programs. MOS compatible.
  • Doors CS - Desktop with icons, runs most program types, GUI API and networking. MOS compatible.
  • Ion - Program list, runs ASM programs.
  • MirageOS - Program list, folders, runs ASM and BASIC programs. ION compatible.

Games

  • Calc Apps - Wide list of games, utilities and animations
  • CalcG.org - Very organized and easily accessible file archive
  • Cemetech.net - Various programs and games
  • ticalc.org - The biggest resource of calculator files on the Internet

Communities

References

  1. ^ Campbell, Robert (2001). "TI-82/83/85/86 Mathematics Use". UMBC.
  2. ^ "Datamath Calculator Museum". Retrieved 2008-12-04.
  3. ^ "All TI Signing Keys Factored - ticalc.org". www.ticalc.org. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
  4. ^ "Suppressed Texas Instruments cryptographic signing keys, 28 Aug 2009 - Wikileaks". wikileaks.org. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
  5. ^ "Signing Keys and the DMCA - ticalc.org". www.ticalc.org. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
  6. ^ "Suppressed Texas Instruments cryptographic signing keys, 28 Aug 2009 - Wikileaks". wikileaks.org. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
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