Siege of Mainz (1793): Difference between revisions

Siege of Mainz
	Part of the French Revolutionary War
Date	14 April - 23 July 1793
Location	Mainz, Republic of Mainz (present-day Germany)
Result	Coalition victory
Belligerents
France	Prussia; Austria; Saxony; Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel); Hesse-Darmstadt; Electoral Palatinate; Saxe-Weimar
Commanders and leaders
General Ignace d'Oyré; Alexandre de Beauharnais	Field Marshal von Kalckreuth; Duke of Brunswick
Strength
23,000 men,; 184 cannons;	36,000 men,; later 44,000 men,; 207 cannons; (at end of siege)
Casualties and losses
4,000 killed or wounded	3,000 killed or wounded

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Revision as of 18:10, 27 December 2009

In the Siege of Mainz (Template:Lang-de) from 14 April – 23 July 1793, a coalition of Prussia, Austria, and other German states besieged and captured Mainz from revolutionary French forces. The allies, especially the Prussians, first tried negotiations, but this failed, and the bombardment of the city began on the night of 17 June.

Within the town the siege and bombardment led to stress between citizens, municipality and the French war council, governing since 2 April. The city administration was displaced on 13 July; this increased the stubbornness of the remaining population. Since a relief army was missing, the war council was forced to take up negotiations with the allied forces on 17 July; the remaining soldiers capitulated on 23 July.

Nearly 19,000 French troops surrendered at the end of the siege, but were allowed to return to France if they promised not to fight against the allies for one year. Consequently they were used to fight French royalists in the Vendée region of France. They left the town singing La Marseillaise, and Chant de guerre de l'Armée du Rhin.

The Republic of Mainz, the first democratic state on later German territory, was subsequently dissolved. Mainz received a Prussian commander to administer the city. The bombardment had left devastating traces in the townscape: some civil buildings and aristocratic palaces, the electoral pleasure palace Favorite, the House of the Cathedral Provost, Liebfrauen- and the church of Society of Jesus had been destroyed, as well as St. Crucis, the Benedictine abbey St. Jacob on the citadel and the remains of St. Alban's Abbey. The cathedral had been heavily damaged.

The biggest impact of the occupation and siege was that the old electoral structures finally came to their end. Thus the events of the year 1793 mark also the beginning of the doom of the Aurea Moguntia. The city lost its status as the electoral residence.

The shelling of Mainz was widely discussed in Europe. Many people gathered round the town in order to view the siege. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe assisted Duke Carl August of Saxe-Weimar during the siege and wrote a famous book about it.

Related people

References

Smith, D. The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book. Greenhill Books, 1998.
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von Die Belagerung von Mainz. (de)
Schmittlein, Raymond: Un Recit de Guerre de Goethe le Siege de Mayence II. Editions Art et Science. Mayence. 1951. (fr)
Arthur Chuquet: The Wars of the Revolution: The Siege of Mainz and the French Occupation of the Rhineland 1792-93

External links

Die Belagerung von Mainz by Goethe in the Project Gutenberg.

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 {{Campaignbox First Coalition}}
-In the '''Siege of Mainz''' ({{lang-de|Belagerung von Mainz}}) from 14 April &ndash; 23 July 1793, a coalition of [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], [[Habsburg Monarchy|Austria]], and other [[Kleinstaaterei|German states]] besieged and captured [[Mainz]] from [[French First Republic|revolutionary French forces]]. The allies, especially the Prussians, first tried negotiations, but this failed, and the bombardment of the city began on the night of [[17 June]].
+In the '''Siege of Mainz''' ({{lang-de|Belagerung von Mainz}}) from 14 April &ndash; 23 July 1793, a coalition of [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], [[Habsburg Monarchy|Austria]], and other [[Kleinstaaterei|German states]] besieged and captured [[Mainz]] from [[French First Republic|revolutionary French forces]]. The allies, especially the Prussians, first tried negotiations, but this failed, and the bombardment of the city began on the night of 17 June.
-Within the town the siege and bombardment led to stress between citizens, municipality and the French war council, governing since [[2 April]]. The city administration was displaced on [[13 July]]; this increased the stubbornness of the remaining population. Since a relief army was missing, the war council was forced to take up negotiations with the allied forces on [[17 July]]; the remaining soldiers capitulated on [[23 July]].
+Within the town the siege and bombardment led to stress between citizens, municipality and the French war council, governing since 2 April. The city administration was displaced on 13 July; this increased the stubbornness of the remaining population. Since a relief army was missing, the war council was forced to take up negotiations with the allied forces on 17 July; the remaining soldiers capitulated on 23 July.
 Nearly 19,000 French troops surrendered at the end of the siege, but were allowed to return to France if they promised not to fight against the allies for one year. Consequently they were used to fight French royalists in the [[Revolt in the Vendée|Vendée]] region of France. They left the town singing ''[[La Marseillaise]]'', and ''Chant de guerre de l'[[Armée du Rhin]]''.