Semiconductor memory: Difference between revisions
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'''Semiconductor memory''' is an electronic [[data storage device]], often used as [[computer memory]], implemented on a [[semiconductor]]-based [[integrated circuit]]. Examples of semiconductor memory include [[non-volatile memory]] such as [[Read-only memory]] (ROM), [[magnetoresistive random access memory]] (MRAM), and [[flash memory]]. It also includes [[volatile memory]] such as [[static random access memory]] (SRAM), which relies on several [[transistors]] forming a digital [[flip-flop]] to store one bit, and [[dynamic random access memory]] (DRAM), which uses one [[capacitor]] and one transistor to store each [[bit]]s. [[Shift register]]s, [[processor register]]s, [[data buffer]]s and other small digital registers that have no [[address decoder|memory address decoding mechanism]] are not considered as memory. |
'''Semiconductor memory''' is an electronic [[data storage device]], often used as [[computer memory]], implemented on a [[semiconductor]]-based [[integrated circuit]]. Examples of semiconductor memory include [[non-volatile memory]] such as [[Read-only memory]] (ROM), [[magnetoresistive random access memory]] (MRAM), and [[flash memory]]. It also includes [[volatile memory]] such as [[static random access memory]] (SRAM), which relies on several [[transistors]] forming a digital [[flip-flop]] to store one bit, and [[dynamic random access memory]] (DRAM), which uses one [[capacitor]] and one transistor to store each [[bit]]s. [[Shift register]]s, [[processor register]]s, [[data buffer]]s and other small digital registers that have no [[address decoder|memory address decoding mechanism]] are not considered as memory. |
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Data is accessed by means of a binary [[memory address]] to the memory. If the memory address consists of ''M'' bits, the address area consists of two raised by ''M'' addresses per chip. Semiconductor memory are manufactured with a certain [[word length]] (number of 1-bit cells sharing the same memory address) that |
Data is accessed by means of a binary [[memory address]] to the memory. If the memory address consists of ''M'' bits, the address area consists of two raised by ''M'' addresses per chip. Semiconductor memory are manufactured with a certain [[word length]] (number of 1-bit cells sharing the same memory address) that power of two, typically ''M''=1, 2, 4 or 8 bit per chip. Consequently, the amount of data stored in each chip is <math>MN^2</math> bits. Possible figures are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 [[bit]], [[kbit]], [[Mbit]], [[Gbit]] and [[Tbit]], here defined by [[binary prefix]]es. By combining several integrated circuits, memory can be arranged for a larger word length and/or address space than what is offered by each chip, often but not necesserily a [[power of two]]. |
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Revision as of 09:07, 25 January 2010
Computer memory and data storage types |
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Volatile |
Non-volatile |
Semiconductor memory is an electronic data storage device, often used as computer memory, implemented on a semiconductor-based integrated circuit. Examples of semiconductor memory include non-volatile memory such as Read-only memory (ROM), magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), and flash memory. It also includes volatile memory such as static random access memory (SRAM), which relies on several transistors forming a digital flip-flop to store one bit, and dynamic random access memory (DRAM), which uses one capacitor and one transistor to store each bits. Shift registers, processor registers, data buffers and other small digital registers that have no memory address decoding mechanism are not considered as memory.
Data is accessed by means of a binary memory address to the memory. If the memory address consists of M bits, the address area consists of two raised by M addresses per chip. Semiconductor memory are manufactured with a certain word length (number of 1-bit cells sharing the same memory address) that power of two, typically M=1, 2, 4 or 8 bit per chip. Consequently, the amount of data stored in each chip is bits. Possible figures are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 bit, kbit, Mbit, Gbit and Tbit, here defined by binary prefixes. By combining several integrated circuits, memory can be arranged for a larger word length and/or address space than what is offered by each chip, often but not necesserily a power of two.