Kalmati: Difference between revisions
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== History == |
== History == |
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The '''Kalmati''' (Kalmathi) is a [[Baloch]] tribe which use "Kalmati [[Baloch]]" as their identification. This tribe belongs the son of Mir Jalalan and Mir Hoath. When [[Hoath]] tribe ruling on [[Kech]] [[Makran]] on that time some Kalmati people settled themselves in Kalmat Bandar (Kalmat Port) is situated near |
The '''Kalmati''' (Kalmathi) is a [[Baloch]] tribe which use "Kalmati [[Baloch]]" as their identification. This tribe belongs the son of Mir Jalalan and Mir Hoath. When [[Hoath]] tribe ruling on [[Kech]] [[Makran]] on that time some Kalmati people settled themselves in Kalmat Bandar (Kalmat Port) which is situated near [[Pasni]] Port, coastal area of [[Balochistan (region)|Balochistan]]. In about 12th Century, the Kalmati has proved their identification from Tehs Banadar (Tehs Port Western Part of [[Balochistan (region)|Balochistan]]) to [[Shah]] Bandar (Shah Port) [[Sindh]]. Today the Kalmati tribe live in [[Chah Bahar]] ([[Iran]]),Dasht,Palliree, [[Jiwani]], [[Baho]], [[Dashtiyari]], [[Gwadar]], [[Pasni]], [[Hub]] besides in [[Sindh]] province such as [[Malir]], [[Gadap]] Town and [[Lyari]] ([[Karachi]]), [[Matyari]], [[Tando Adam]], [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]] and [[Thatta]].The Kalmati tribe settled in Karachi has it's own fame and identification because they are well settled then other tribes of Baloch nation. Kalmati's are mostly engaged by profession in cultivation, own business and better education comparing to other Baloch tribes. The famous graveyard called “Chokandi” (Quoted from” A Study of Stone Craved Graves” written by Kaleem Lashari) situated in Gadap Town, Bin Qasim Town Karachi, Hub (Balochistan) and District Thatta (Sindh) related to this tribe. These graveyards have their own historical stories which reflect the Kalmati tribe’s braveness and loyalty. |
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If history is known then it shows in the regime of [[Talpur]]s, Kalmati and [[Nizamani]] |
If history is known then it shows in the regime of [[Talpur]]s, Kalmati and [[Nizamani]] were assigned for the security of [[Karachi]]. In 2 February 1839, when two [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]] Military Ships (Hina & Wales) had arrived in [[Karachi]] Port ([[Manora]]). There was a big [[Fort]] on that time in [[Karachi]]. In [[Manora]] the [[United Kingdom|British]] Army challenged the Kalmati tribe to evacuate the Port and surrender their arms in favour of British military forces. The Kalmati Baloch tribe force Commander totally refused to excavate the Port and surrender the weapons. The Commander loudly announced that “I am a Baloch I prepare to be a Martyr for the nation than to surrender.” |
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=== Historical Conflicts affecting the Kalmati === |
=== Historical Conflicts affecting the Kalmati === |
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==== The Portuguese ==== |
==== The Portuguese ==== |
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In the 15th Century, the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] captured many parts of [[India]] and [[Oman]] and |
In the 15th Century, the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] captured many parts of [[India]] and [[Oman]] and had planned to proceed the coastal area of [[Makran]] [[Balochistan (region)|Balochistan]]. The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] attacked [[Makran]] under the leadership of [[Vasco de Gama]] but in the supervision of Commander [[Mir Ismaheel]] every time [[Portugal|Portuguese]] has been defeated by the [[Baloch]] army. Almost one or two times Portuguese looted and set fire on the coastal Villages but they failed to capture coastal area of [[Makran]] Balochistan. [[Mir Ismaheel]] collected too many weapons from Portuguese out of two still lying near the Central Jail of [[Gwadar]] but heirless. The grave of [[Mir Ismaheel]] is also situated near the Mountain of Batal [[Gwadar]] Balochistan, the same was constructed by [[Mir Ismaheel]] himself in his own life. He was died in 873 [[Hijri]] ([[Islamic Calendar]]) as per history it is quoted that [[Mir Ismaheel]] also married with Shahfi [[Arab]] lady in Malbar. |
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After [[Mir Ismaheel]]'s regime his nephew [[Mir Hammal Khan]] son of [[Mir Jihand Khan]] Kalmati, became the ruler of [[Makran]]. In the regime of [[Mir Hammal Khan]], the Portuguese also attacked many times under the Commandership of "Lowess Dee Almia" every time they defeated. After such defeat in many times, Lowess Dee Almia did a |
After [[Mir Ismaheel]]'s regime his nephew [[Mir Hammal Khan]] son of [[Mir Jihand Khan]] Kalmati, became the ruler of [[Makran]]. In the regime of [[Mir Hammal Khan]], the Portuguese also attacked many times under the Commandership of "Lowess Dee Almia" every time they defeated. After such defeat in many times, Lowess Dee Almia did a pact with [[Mir Hammal Khan]] one of the clauses of pact was that "Lowess Dee Almia" will not attack the [[Makran]] coastal area. But it was a just fraud from Portuguese they broke the pact and attacked [[Mir Hammal Khan]] when he was with some friends on his way in the sea. After the attack Portuguese kidnapped [[Mir Hammal Khan]] took him to unidentified place. As per history it is known that "Statue" of [[Mir Hammal Khan]] is lying in an island museum [[Goha]] in [[India]] the same constructed by Portuguese, Mr. R. Huges Buller has wrote in his book [[Makran Kalmatis]] that the [[Fort]] and a well is still situated near to [[Gwadar]] Balochistan called [[Gazdan]]. The snatched weapons from the Portuguese has been also seen in 1904 in [[Pasni]] Port Balochistan. |
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[[Portugal|Portuguese]] not only attacked [[Gwadar]] they also attacked Tehs Bandar (Tehs Port). At that time [[Mir Kareem Dad]] lateeg was the Chief of [[Tehs]] Port. [[Mir Kareem Dad Kalmati]] |
[[Portugal|Portuguese]] not only attacked [[Gwadar]] they also attacked Tehs Bandar (Tehs Port). At that time [[Mir Kareem Dad]] lateeg was the Chief of [[Tehs]] Port. [[Mir Kareem Dad Kalmati]] had been killed with his 44 soldiers. |
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==== Resistance in Sindh ==== |
==== Resistance in Sindh ==== |
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In the regime of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] the lateeg tribe was in full power from [[Hub]] [[Balochistan (region)|Balochistan]] to Keti Bandar (Keti Port) [[Sindh]]. When [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] defeated Portuguese from "Ran Kach" |
In the regime of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] the lateeg tribe was in full power from [[Hub]] [[Balochistan (region)|Balochistan]] to Keti Bandar (Keti Port) [[Sindh]]. When [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] defeated Portuguese from "Ran Kach" they felt some danger from Kalmti tribe. First of all they planned to break their power, they ordered local Sardars (Chiefs) to be rulers of them as both were [[Baloch]] that is why the plan of [[Akbar]] (KING) did not success. On the second side the lateeg tribe was consisted about 20,000, brave army. When [[Akbar]] (King) failed in his planns he gifted agricultural land in [[Chachkan]] ([[Sindh]])in 1654, when [[Orangzaib]] (King) failed and sensed that Kalmati are going to be rebels he gifted agricultural land in [[Sakro]] ([[Thatta]]) which exist also today. In the same time the Kalmati tribe did alliances with other [[Baloch]] tribes, from Shah Bandar ([[Sindh]]) to [[Hub]] (Balochistan) they made [[Baloch]] confederacy it was too powerful, as they ruled Mountains and Sea. The traders used roads and Sea routes for trade in [[Hindustan]] the Kalmati Sardar charged Rs.9,600 per Year as taxes from [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rulers. |
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There was still resistance in [[Sindh]] it is difficult to write it here these all such stories has been quoted in a book called (Jang Namo) written by Dr. [[Nabi Bux Khan Baloch]] a renowned history writer from [[Sindh]]. |
There was still resistance in [[Sindh]] it is difficult to write it here these all such stories has been quoted in a book called (Jang Namo) written by Dr. [[Nabi Bux Khan Baloch]] a renowned history writer from [[Sindh]]. |
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==== Attacks of Arghoons ==== |
==== Attacks of Arghoons ==== |
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When [[Mirza]] [[Saleh Baig]] became ruler he |
When [[Mirza]] [[Saleh Baig]] became ruler he tortured Kalmati tribe and made false cases against them. A person namely [[Mureed]] when he heard that [[Arghoon]] rulers has killed his relatives, he swore that he will never wear traditional turban (Pagree) until he kill [[Mirza]] [[Saleh Baig]]. At that time [[Mureed]] was in [[Gujrat]] and he reached in [[Thatta]], one day he saw that [[Mirza]] [[Saleh Baig]] is patrolling in the [[Thatta]] City with his protocol staff. [[Mureed]] had hidden a knife in a paper and he asked the [[Mirza]] [[Saleh Baig]] that I am the victim and need justice, the ruler stopped his horse and get down as soon he got down, [[Mureed]] killed him. And Mureed was also killed by the protocol staff on the spot. It was a difficult time for all the [[Baloch tribes]] particularly Kalmatis and [[Lashari]]s. |
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==== War with Kalhoros ==== |
==== War with Kalhoros ==== |
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In the regime of Mia Yar [[Muhammad]] [[Kalhoro]] |
In the regime of Mia Yar [[Muhammad]] [[Kalhoro]] attacked on [[Malir]] with his 18,000 troops the reason was all the tribes paid taxes to [[Kalhora]] government but the Kalmati tribe was the only tribe who refused to pay such taxes. [[Kalhora]] government has asked the Kalmati tribe has decided to handover 30 [[camel]]s or cost of same to [[Kalhora]] government in every Year. At that time a [[camel]] has price of 10 rupees. But the [[Kalhora]] government demanded for 50 [[camel]]s per year. It took a long discussion as the [[Kalhora]] demanded 50 [[camel]]s but the Kalmati was not ready to pay for the cost of 50 [[camel]]s. They walkout the same sitting in the peak time of lunch and Kalmatis left the sitting the ruler has sent a messenger to them to take the lunch, some one told the messenger that (We are not hungry, feed the ruler as he is more hungry then us). Kalmatis returned to [[Malir]] area under the leadership of [[Malik]] [[Hyder]] Kalmati. Mia Yar [[Muhammad]] [[kalhoro]] has consulted with his advisers that Kalmatis has not taken the lunch it is my insult so he planned to attack on Kalmati tribe with his 18,000 troops under the command of Mr. Alam [[Khan (name)|Khan]] [[Jamali]]. Here in [[Malir]] Kalmati tribe became knew that [[Kalhora]] government is planning to attack [[Malir]] they has shifted their cattle, ladies and children to a place called [[Lat Koh]] (Lat Mountain) which is situated between [[Gadap]] and [[Kon Kor]]. As battle started the troops of [[Kalhora]] was in power and defeated the Kalmati tribe and the remaining people as settled themselves in [[Lat Koh]]. When Mia Yar [[Muhammad]] [[Kalhoro]] died, the people who not migrated from [[Lat Koh]] are called [[Lati]] or [[Lateeg]]. |
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==== War with British Soldiers ==== |
==== War with British Soldiers ==== |
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Revision as of 08:59, 26 February 2010
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Kalmati is a Baloch tribe in Balochistan, Pakistan.
History
The Kalmati (Kalmathi) is a Baloch tribe which use "Kalmati Baloch" as their identification. This tribe belongs the son of Mir Jalalan and Mir Hoath. When Hoath tribe ruling on Kech Makran on that time some Kalmati people settled themselves in Kalmat Bandar (Kalmat Port) which is situated near Pasni Port, coastal area of Balochistan. In about 12th Century, the Kalmati has proved their identification from Tehs Banadar (Tehs Port Western Part of Balochistan) to Shah Bandar (Shah Port) Sindh. Today the Kalmati tribe live in Chah Bahar (Iran),Dasht,Palliree, Jiwani, Baho, Dashtiyari, Gwadar, Pasni, Hub besides in Sindh province such as Malir, Gadap Town and Lyari (Karachi), Matyari, Tando Adam, Hyderabad and Thatta.The Kalmati tribe settled in Karachi has it's own fame and identification because they are well settled then other tribes of Baloch nation. Kalmati's are mostly engaged by profession in cultivation, own business and better education comparing to other Baloch tribes. The famous graveyard called “Chokandi” (Quoted from” A Study of Stone Craved Graves” written by Kaleem Lashari) situated in Gadap Town, Bin Qasim Town Karachi, Hub (Balochistan) and District Thatta (Sindh) related to this tribe. These graveyards have their own historical stories which reflect the Kalmati tribe’s braveness and loyalty.
If history is known then it shows in the regime of Talpurs, Kalmati and Nizamani were assigned for the security of Karachi. In 2 February 1839, when two Britain Military Ships (Hina & Wales) had arrived in Karachi Port (Manora). There was a big Fort on that time in Karachi. In Manora the British Army challenged the Kalmati tribe to evacuate the Port and surrender their arms in favour of British military forces. The Kalmati Baloch tribe force Commander totally refused to excavate the Port and surrender the weapons. The Commander loudly announced that “I am a Baloch I prepare to be a Martyr for the nation than to surrender.”
Historical Conflicts affecting the Kalmati
The Portuguese
In the 15th Century, the Portuguese captured many parts of India and Oman and had planned to proceed the coastal area of Makran Balochistan. The Portuguese attacked Makran under the leadership of Vasco de Gama but in the supervision of Commander Mir Ismaheel every time Portuguese has been defeated by the Baloch army. Almost one or two times Portuguese looted and set fire on the coastal Villages but they failed to capture coastal area of Makran Balochistan. Mir Ismaheel collected too many weapons from Portuguese out of two still lying near the Central Jail of Gwadar but heirless. The grave of Mir Ismaheel is also situated near the Mountain of Batal Gwadar Balochistan, the same was constructed by Mir Ismaheel himself in his own life. He was died in 873 Hijri (Islamic Calendar) as per history it is quoted that Mir Ismaheel also married with Shahfi Arab lady in Malbar.
After Mir Ismaheel's regime his nephew Mir Hammal Khan son of Mir Jihand Khan Kalmati, became the ruler of Makran. In the regime of Mir Hammal Khan, the Portuguese also attacked many times under the Commandership of "Lowess Dee Almia" every time they defeated. After such defeat in many times, Lowess Dee Almia did a pact with Mir Hammal Khan one of the clauses of pact was that "Lowess Dee Almia" will not attack the Makran coastal area. But it was a just fraud from Portuguese they broke the pact and attacked Mir Hammal Khan when he was with some friends on his way in the sea. After the attack Portuguese kidnapped Mir Hammal Khan took him to unidentified place. As per history it is known that "Statue" of Mir Hammal Khan is lying in an island museum Goha in India the same constructed by Portuguese, Mr. R. Huges Buller has wrote in his book Makran Kalmatis that the Fort and a well is still situated near to Gwadar Balochistan called Gazdan. The snatched weapons from the Portuguese has been also seen in 1904 in Pasni Port Balochistan.
Portuguese not only attacked Gwadar they also attacked Tehs Bandar (Tehs Port). At that time Mir Kareem Dad lateeg was the Chief of Tehs Port. Mir Kareem Dad Kalmati had been killed with his 44 soldiers.
Resistance in Sindh
In the regime of Mughal the lateeg tribe was in full power from Hub Balochistan to Keti Bandar (Keti Port) Sindh. When Mughals defeated Portuguese from "Ran Kach" they felt some danger from Kalmti tribe. First of all they planned to break their power, they ordered local Sardars (Chiefs) to be rulers of them as both were Baloch that is why the plan of Akbar (KING) did not success. On the second side the lateeg tribe was consisted about 20,000, brave army. When Akbar (King) failed in his planns he gifted agricultural land in Chachkan (Sindh)in 1654, when Orangzaib (King) failed and sensed that Kalmati are going to be rebels he gifted agricultural land in Sakro (Thatta) which exist also today. In the same time the Kalmati tribe did alliances with other Baloch tribes, from Shah Bandar (Sindh) to Hub (Balochistan) they made Baloch confederacy it was too powerful, as they ruled Mountains and Sea. The traders used roads and Sea routes for trade in Hindustan the Kalmati Sardar charged Rs.9,600 per Year as taxes from Mughal rulers.
There was still resistance in Sindh it is difficult to write it here these all such stories has been quoted in a book called (Jang Namo) written by Dr. Nabi Bux Khan Baloch a renowned history writer from Sindh.
Attacks of Arghoons
When Mirza Saleh Baig became ruler he tortured Kalmati tribe and made false cases against them. A person namely Mureed when he heard that Arghoon rulers has killed his relatives, he swore that he will never wear traditional turban (Pagree) until he kill Mirza Saleh Baig. At that time Mureed was in Gujrat and he reached in Thatta, one day he saw that Mirza Saleh Baig is patrolling in the Thatta City with his protocol staff. Mureed had hidden a knife in a paper and he asked the Mirza Saleh Baig that I am the victim and need justice, the ruler stopped his horse and get down as soon he got down, Mureed killed him. And Mureed was also killed by the protocol staff on the spot. It was a difficult time for all the Baloch tribes particularly Kalmatis and Lasharis.
War with Kalhoros
In the regime of Mia Yar Muhammad Kalhoro attacked on Malir with his 18,000 troops the reason was all the tribes paid taxes to Kalhora government but the Kalmati tribe was the only tribe who refused to pay such taxes. Kalhora government has asked the Kalmati tribe has decided to handover 30 camels or cost of same to Kalhora government in every Year. At that time a camel has price of 10 rupees. But the Kalhora government demanded for 50 camels per year. It took a long discussion as the Kalhora demanded 50 camels but the Kalmati was not ready to pay for the cost of 50 camels. They walkout the same sitting in the peak time of lunch and Kalmatis left the sitting the ruler has sent a messenger to them to take the lunch, some one told the messenger that (We are not hungry, feed the ruler as he is more hungry then us). Kalmatis returned to Malir area under the leadership of Malik Hyder Kalmati. Mia Yar Muhammad kalhoro has consulted with his advisers that Kalmatis has not taken the lunch it is my insult so he planned to attack on Kalmati tribe with his 18,000 troops under the command of Mr. Alam Khan Jamali. Here in Malir Kalmati tribe became knew that Kalhora government is planning to attack Malir they has shifted their cattle, ladies and children to a place called Lat Koh (Lat Mountain) which is situated between Gadap and Kon Kor. As battle started the troops of Kalhora was in power and defeated the Kalmati tribe and the remaining people as settled themselves in Lat Koh. When Mia Yar Muhammad Kalhoro died, the people who not migrated from Lat Koh are called Lati or Lateeg.
War with British Soldiers
In the regime of Kalhora when the British entered in Sindh they planning to capture Sindh, then all the Balochs of Sindh became the challenge to British troops the Talpurs as conveyed a message to Kalmati tribe that there is no need to come in Hyderabad, Sindh but be in Karachi and make alliance with other tribes to face the British troops but the other tribes has not make coalition to get rid of British troops.
Chakar bin Nothak
As the British were powerful and were ruling half world it was impossible to face their troops, that is why Baloch making started gorilla war against British troops. After the capturing Karachi the British troops had built a military cantonment in Ram Bagh. On every Sunday the British left for Manghopir (Situated in Gadap Town in Karachi)for picnic. When British troops go to Mango Pir stream on that day the local people were not allowed to visit stream. One day Chakar Bin Nothak belongs to Kalmati tribe was standing with his some friends and asked them that (We are the owner of stream and this is our land it is better to die that we are not allowed to get water from such stream), he has gathered some other persons with him and attacked British troops in this attack a British Army Officer called Captain Hound has been killed along with other soldiers. The British army has demanded to Chief of Kalmati tribe to handover the Chakar to them with this promise that after arrest he will be given a nominal punishmenty and will be released. Chakar was a refugee in Kalat Balochistan he got messages from his relatives that the British army has promised that they will not be assissinated the Chakar, but we do not believe on their promise now it depends on you. After a long term the British army has arrested Chakar and he was hanged in Dalmia, Mujahid Colony Mountain where there is a British Army Camp. When Chakar was asked as for last wish the Chakar told them he maybe hanged, without making any blindness to his eyes as he wish to see his Mother Land till his last breath, then Chakar has been hanged according to his on wish. The tribunals which sentenced death punishment to Chakar, the Judge penal was consisted with a person named Nahoo Mal. It was the first punishment to death in Sindh by British Army.
Abid Hussain Baloch Kalmati is a highly educated person in Karachi.
Notable Members of the Kalmati tribe
There are too many respected and renowned persons has been in Kalmati tribe throughout the Pakistan including Irani Balochistan and other places. In coastal area of Makran Balochistan such as Sheh Musa (Late). Sheh Chiragh (Late), Sheh Hassan (Late), Mir Hammal Jihand (Who defeated to Portuguese under the Commandership of Lowess Dee Almia),Shams Ul Haq (Naib Nazim Tehsil Council Jiwani), Muhammad Rustom Baloch (District Attorney Gwadar), Shafi Muhammad Baloch (Director Finance GPA), Engineer Dawood Baloch (Deputy Director GPA), Mir Abdul Ghafoor Kalmati (Ex. MPA of Balochistan Assembly and now District Nazim Gwadar) Mir Hammal Kalmati (Minister for Fishries) and countless persons.
Sindh province: Karachi
In Sindh such has great name and famous leader of an MPA Sindh Assembly Shaheed Abdullah Murad, Haji Dad Rahim Baloch (Late), Haji Dad Muhammad (Late) (Ex. Chairman Thano Union Council),Haji Abdul Nabi(Late), Waja Mulla Essa (Late),Mulla Faiz Muhammad Baloch (Late), Haji Mian Dad Baloch (Late), Haji Murad Jaffar Baloch (Late), Shaheed Hanif Hammal, Haji Saleh Muhammad Baloch (Ex. Member of District Council Karachi), Haji Nazeer Ahmed Baloch (Ex. Chairman Thano Union Council & Member of District Council Karachi), Muhammad Khalil Baloch (Ex. Executive of a Local Bank), Mulla Ghulam Rasool(G.R Baloch), Dr. Amanullah Baloch, Dr. Naseer uddin Noor, Dr. Fazal Ahmed Baloch, Haji Nabi Bux Baloch,Jamal Nasir (Deputy District Attorney District Court Malir),Gul Hassan Kalmati (TMO Gadap Town and famous Sindhi writer), Salman Abdullah Murad (Special Assistant To Chief Minister Sindh, Abdul Hafeez Baloch (Famous IT Expert).
Matyari, Tando Adam, Hyderabad
Likewise in above places Haji Juma Khan Baloch (Late), Haji Muhammad Ismaheel Baloch (Late), Haji Sher Muhammad Baloch (Late), Haji Muhammad Baloch (Late), Haji Faiz Muhammad Baloch (Late), Haji Gul Muhammad Baloch, Haji Karim Bux Baloch, Jan Muhammad Baloch, Dad Muhammad Baloch and Muhammad Akram Baloch (Nazim Union Council Udero Lal Station District Matyari)
Thatta
Professor Dr. Abdul Kareem Baloch (Sindh University), Haji Shah Dad Baloch (Late), Sardar Malik Luqman Kalmati (Ex. MPA of Sindh Assembly)and Malik Yousuf Kalmati.
References
- Lashari, Kaleem (1996). A study of stone carved graves. Karachi, Pakistan: Kaleem Lashari for Sindh Exploration and Adventure Society. OCLC: 36891967.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Hughes Buller, Ralph. Makran Kalmatis.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Baloch, Nabi Bux Khan. Jang Namo.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Baig, Mirza Qalich. Qadeem Sindh.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Hameeduddin, Dr. History of Islam.
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