Meroitic: Difference between revisions
This probably needs splitting up at some point |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
The '''Meroitic''' period was approximately [[300 BC]] to [[400|400 AD]]. |
The '''Meroitic''' period was approximately [[300 BC]] to [[400|400 AD]]. |
||
Meroitic script is an [[alphabet]] of Egyptian ([[Hieroglyph]]ic) origin used in Kingdom of [[Meroe|Meroë]]. Some scholars, e.g. [[Haarmann]], claim that [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] has also played a role in shaping this new alphabet. The script worked quite differently to the way Egyptian hieroglyphs worked |
The '''Meroitic''' script is an [[alphabet]] of Egyptian ([[Hieroglyph]]ic) origin used in Kingdom of [[Meroe|Meroë]]. Some scholars, e.g. [[Haarmann]], claim that [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] has also played a role in shaping this new alphabet. The script worked quite differently to the way Egyptian hieroglyphs worked. |
||
There were 23 symbols in total, four vowels; |
There were 23 symbols in total, four vowels; |
||
/a/ (which was only used at the beginning of a word) |
/a/ (which was only used at the beginning of a word) |
||
| Line 25: | Line 26: | ||
and four syllabic letters; /n(y)e/, /se/, /te/ and /to/ |
and four syllabic letters; /n(y)e/, /se/, /te/ and /to/ |
||
(there is dispute over whether or not /se/ represented a syllable or just the consonant /s/, as to distinguish it from /sh/). |
(there is dispute over whether or not /se/ represented a syllable or just the consonant /s/, as to distinguish it from /sh/). |
||
The |
The Meroitic script was a sort of [[abugida]], with the exception of the syllabic letters, if a vowel followed a consonant, it muted the the inherent vowel /a/ and the consonant was pronounced with that vowel instead. There was no way to distinguish between an individual consonant or a consonant plus /a/. |
||
Writing was from right to left, top to bottom or or top to bottom in columns going from right to left. The hieroglyphic script used similar composition rules to Egyptian [[hieroglyphics]], the signs faced towards the end of a text towards the beginning like Egyptian. There was also a sign; three (horizontal or vertical) dots used to divide words or phrases, this was the only punctuation used. |
Writing was from right to left, top to bottom or or top to bottom in columns going from right to left. The hieroglyphic script used similar composition rules to Egyptian [[hieroglyphics]], the signs faced towards the end of a text towards the beginning like Egyptian. There was also a sign; three (horizontal or vertical) dots used to divide words or phrases, this was the only punctuation used. |
||
There was also a form of hand writing called [[demotic]] which used the same spelling system as the hieroglyphic script but was simplified to facilitate fast writing. The majority of Meroitic texts are written in demotic. |
There was also a form of hand writing, called demotic after its stylistic similarity to Egyptian [[demotic]], which used the same spelling system as the hieroglyphic script but was simplified to facilitate fast writing. The majority of Meroitic texts are written in demotic. |
||
The Meroitic language was spoken in Meroë and the [[Sudan]], and is now extinct. It is not very well understood, due to the paucity of bilingual texts; the few words whose meanings have been confirmed are inadequate to determine its affiliation, but several linguists have tentatively suggested that it may be [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]]. |
The Meroitic language was spoken in Meroë and the [[Sudan]], and is now extinct. It is not very well understood, due to the paucity of bilingual texts; the few words whose meanings have been confirmed are inadequate to determine its affiliation, but several linguists have tentatively suggested that it may be [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]]. |
||
Revision as of 22:55, 5 May 2004
The Meroitic period was approximately 300 BC to 400 AD.
The Meroitic script is an alphabet of Egyptian (Hieroglyphic) origin used in Kingdom of Meroë. Some scholars, e.g. Haarmann, claim that Greek has also played a role in shaping this new alphabet. The script worked quite differently to the way Egyptian hieroglyphs worked.
There were 23 symbols in total, four vowels; /a/ (which was only used at the beginning of a word) /e/ /i/ and /o/ 15 consonants = the vowel /a/; /ya/ /wa/ /ba/ /pa/ /ma/ /na/ /ra/ /la/ /cha/(as in German ich) /kha/(as in German Bach) /ka/ /qa/ /sa/ or /sha/ /ta/ /da/ and four syllabic letters; /n(y)e/, /se/, /te/ and /to/ (there is dispute over whether or not /se/ represented a syllable or just the consonant /s/, as to distinguish it from /sh/).
The Meroitic script was a sort of abugida, with the exception of the syllabic letters, if a vowel followed a consonant, it muted the the inherent vowel /a/ and the consonant was pronounced with that vowel instead. There was no way to distinguish between an individual consonant or a consonant plus /a/. Writing was from right to left, top to bottom or or top to bottom in columns going from right to left. The hieroglyphic script used similar composition rules to Egyptian hieroglyphics, the signs faced towards the end of a text towards the beginning like Egyptian. There was also a sign; three (horizontal or vertical) dots used to divide words or phrases, this was the only punctuation used.
There was also a form of hand writing, called demotic after its stylistic similarity to Egyptian demotic, which used the same spelling system as the hieroglyphic script but was simplified to facilitate fast writing. The majority of Meroitic texts are written in demotic.
The Meroitic language was spoken in Meroë and the Sudan, and is now extinct. It is not very well understood, due to the paucity of bilingual texts; the few words whose meanings have been confirmed are inadequate to determine its affiliation, but several linguists have tentatively suggested that it may be Nilo-Saharan.