Runestones at Aspa: Difference between revisions
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The '''Runestones at Aspa''' are located in [[Södermanland]], [[Sweden]], where road has passed a creek since prehistoric times. This was the place of the local [[thing (assembly)|assembly]] called the ''[[Thing (assembly)|Tingshögen]]'',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Line |first=Philip |authorlink= |title=Kingship and State Formation in Sweden, 1130-1290 |publisher=Brill |date=2007 |location=Leiden |pages=154 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=du4gbrqq-xQC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false |doi= |id= |isbn=90-04-15578-3}}</ref> and the newly elected king passed the stones during his [[Eriksgata]]. |
The '''Runestones at Aspa''' are located in [[Södermanland]], [[Sweden]], where road has passed a creek since prehistoric times. This was the place of the local [[thing (assembly)|assembly]] called the ''[[Thing (assembly)|Tingshögen]]'',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Line |first=Philip |authorlink= |title=Kingship and State Formation in Sweden, 1130-1290 |publisher=Brill |date=2007 |location=Leiden |pages=154 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=du4gbrqq-xQC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false |doi= |id= |isbn=90-04-15578-3}}</ref> and the newly elected king passed the stones during his [[Eriksgata]]. |
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One of the stones [[#Sö Fv1948;289|Sö Fv1948;289, below]] is the oldest surviving native Scandinavian source that mentions the kingdom of [[Sweden]] beside the runestones [[Simris Runestones#Dr 344|Dr 344]] and [[Viking Runestones#Dr 216|Dr 216]]. Another stone is raised in memory of a Viking who had spent time in the west. |
One of the stones [[#Sö Fv1948;289|Sö Fv1948;289, below]] is the oldest surviving native Scandinavian source that mentions the kingdom of [[Sweden]] beside the runestones [[Simris Runestones#Dr 344|Dr 344]] and [[Viking Runestones#Dr 216|Dr 216]]. Another stone Sö 137 is raised in memory of a Viking who had spent time in the west. Another stone Sö 136 from records was once located in Aspa but has since been lost.<ref name="Jansson">{{Cite journal |last=Jansson |first=Sven B. F. |authorlink= |title=Sörmländska Runstensfynd |journal=Fornvännen |volume=43 |pages=282-314 |publisher=Swedish National Heritage Board |location= |date=1948 |url=http://fornvannen.se/pdf/1940talet/1948_282.pdf |issn= |id= }}</ref> |
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==Sö Fv1948;289== |
==Sö Fv1948;289== |
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[[Image:Sö Fv1948;289, Aspa.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The runestone.]] |
[[Image:Sö Fv1948;289, Aspa.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The runestone Sö Fv1948;289.]] |
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The inscription on this stone consists of tightly bound columns of text within bands that end in snake heads, and may be indicative of the influence of earlier Danish inscriptions on decorated runestones in Sweden.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fuglesang |first=Signe Horn |authorlink= |editor-last=Düwel |editor-first=Klaus |editor2-last=Hoops |editor2-first=Johannes et al |contribution=Swedish Runestones of the Eleventh Century |title=Runeninschriften als Quellen Interdisziplinärer Forschung |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |date=1998 |location=Berlin |pages=199 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=KYqsisEVQHEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false |id= |isbn=3-11-015455-2}}</ref> This runestone is classified as being carved in [[runestone style]] Fp, which is the classifiecation for inscriptions with bands that end in animal heads. It was raised in memory of a two men who died in Denmark. The stone says that they were the ablest men in Sweden. The runestone was found in 1937 during trench work near a bridge and was moved adjacent to Sö 141.<ref name="Jansson"/> |
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This runestone in [[style Fp]] is raised in memory of a two men who died in Denmark. The stone says that they were the ablest men in Sweden. |
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===Latin transliteration=== |
===Latin transliteration=== |
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===English translation=== |
===English translation=== |
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: |
: Astrid had this memorial made after Anund and Ragnvald, her son. (They) died in Denmark, were powerful in Rauningi and the ablest in Sweden. |
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==Sö 137== |
==Sö 137== |
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[[Image:Sö 137, Aspa (side B).jpg|thumb|righ|200px|Side B of Sö 137.]] |
[[Image:Sö 137, Aspa (side B).jpg|thumb|righ|200px|Side B of Sö 137.]] |
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This is |
This runestones is classified as being carved in runestone style RAK, which is the classification for inscriptions with bands that are straight and do not end in animal heads. It was engraved with both [[long-branch runes]] and [[staveless runes]]. In the last row all the words but the last one were written with staveless runes. Sö 137 is also considered to be one of the [[Viking runestones]]. |
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===Latin transliteration=== |
===Latin transliteration=== |
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===English translation=== |
===English translation=== |
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: A |
: A Þóra raised this stone in memory of Œpir, her husbandman. |
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: B |
: B This stone stands in memory of Œpir, on the Assembly-place in memory of Þóra's husband. He armed(?) (his) men in the west. The son saw this there ... |
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==Sö 138== |
==Sö 138== |
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[[Image:Sö 138, Aspa.jpg|thumb|righ|170px|Sö 138.]] |
[[Image:Sö 138, Aspa.jpg|thumb|righ|170px|Sö 138.]] |
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This runestone is in |
This granite runestone is classified as being carved in runestone style Fp. |
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===Latin transliteration=== |
===Latin transliteration=== |
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'''<nowiki>:</nowiki> hiar : stainr : stin : at : kuþan : ybis : arfa : ak : þuruna<small>R</small> kylu : broþurs : kuþ hialbin : at :''' |
:'''<nowiki>:</nowiki> hiar : stainr : stin : at : kuþan : ybis : arfa : ak : þuruna<small>R</small> kylu : broþurs : kuþ hialbin : at :''' |
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===Old Norse transcription=== |
===Old Norse transcription=== |
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===English transation=== |
===English transation=== |
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: |
: Here stands the stone in memory of Œpir's and Þórunnr's good heir, Gylla's brother. May God help (his) spirit. |
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==Sö 141== |
==Sö 141== |
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[[Image:Sö 141, Aspa.jpg|thumb|righ|200px|Sö 141.]] |
[[Image:Sö 141, Aspa.jpg|thumb|righ|200px|Sö 141.]] |
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This granite runestone was raised by two parents in memory of their son and has a [[Christian cross]] near the top of the inscription. The reference to bridge-building in the runic text is fairly common in runestones during this time period. Some are [[Christian]] references related to the soul passing the bridge into the afterlife. At this time, the [[Catholic Church]] sponsored the building of roads and bridges through the use of [[indulgence]]s in return for the church's intersession for the soul of the departed.<ref name="ASG"> *{{Cite book |last=Gräslund |first=Anne-Sofie |authorlink= |editor-last=Carver |editor-first=Martin |contribution=The Role of Scandinavian Women in Christianisation: The Neglected Evidence |title=The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300-1300 |publisher=Boydell Press |date=2003 |location= |pages=483-496 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4YKrpH222eYC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false |doi= |id= |isbn=1-903153-11-5}} p. 490-492.</ref> There are many examples of these bridge stones dated from the eleventh century, including runic inscriptions [[Södermanland Runic Inscription 101|Sö 101]], [[Uppland Runic Inscription 489|U 489]], and [[Uppland Runic Inscription 617|U 617]].<ref name="ASG"/> |
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This runestone was raised by two parents in memory of their son. |
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===Latin transliteration=== |
===Latin transliteration=== |
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===English translation=== |
===English translation=== |
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: |
: Slóði and Ragnfríðr, they both had the bridge made and the stone raised in memory of Ígulbjôrn, their son. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.kms.raa.se/cocoon/bild/show-image.html?id=16000300013694 Photograph of side A of Sö 137]. |
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* [http://runicdictionary.nottingham.ac.uk/index.php An English Dictionary of Runic Inscriptions of the Younger Futhark, at the university of Nottingham] |
* [http://runicdictionary.nottingham.ac.uk/index.php An English Dictionary of Runic Inscriptions of the Younger Futhark, at the university of Nottingham] |
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Revision as of 19:47, 12 March 2010
The Runestones at Aspa are located in Södermanland, Sweden, where road has passed a creek since prehistoric times. This was the place of the local assembly called the Tingshögen,[1] and the newly elected king passed the stones during his Eriksgata.
One of the stones Sö Fv1948;289, below is the oldest surviving native Scandinavian source that mentions the kingdom of Sweden beside the runestones Dr 344 and Dr 216. Another stone Sö 137 is raised in memory of a Viking who had spent time in the west. Another stone Sö 136 from records was once located in Aspa but has since been lost.[2]
Sö Fv1948;289
The inscription on this stone consists of tightly bound columns of text within bands that end in snake heads, and may be indicative of the influence of earlier Danish inscriptions on decorated runestones in Sweden.[3] This runestone is classified as being carved in runestone style Fp, which is the classifiecation for inscriptions with bands that end in animal heads. It was raised in memory of a two men who died in Denmark. The stone says that they were the ablest men in Sweden. The runestone was found in 1937 during trench work near a bridge and was moved adjacent to Sö 141.[2]
Latin transliteration
- ostriþ : lit : -ira : ku(m)... ...usi ÷ at : anunt ÷ auk : raknualt : sun : sin ÷: urþu : ta...R : - (t)an...-...(k)u : ua-u : rikiR : o rauniki : ak : snialastiR : i : suiþiuþu
Old Norse transcription
- Astrið let [g]æra kum[bl þa]usi at Anund ok Ragnvald, sun sinn. Urðu da[uði]R [i] Dan[mar]ku, va[R]u rikiR a Rauningi ok sniallastiR i Sveþiuðu.
English translation
- Astrid had this memorial made after Anund and Ragnvald, her son. (They) died in Denmark, were powerful in Rauningi and the ablest in Sweden.
Sö 137
.jpg)
This runestones is classified as being carved in runestone style RAK, which is the classification for inscriptions with bands that are straight and do not end in animal heads. It was engraved with both long-branch runes and staveless runes. In the last row all the words but the last one were written with staveless runes. Sö 137 is also considered to be one of the Viking runestones.
Latin transliteration
- A þura : raisþi : stin : þ--si at : ubi : buanti : sin
- B : stain : saR:si : stanr : at : ybi : o þik*staþi : at ¶ : þuru : uar : han : uestarla : uakti : karla ¶ [sa þar] * sunr þaþ * raknasuatau(k)i(f)maR[sua]
Old Norse transcription
- A Þora ræisþi stæin þ[ann]si at Øpi, boanda sinn.
- B Stæinn saRsi standr at Øpi a þingstaði at Þoru ver. Hann vestarla væknti(?) karla, sa þaR sunR það. ...
English translation
- A Þóra raised this stone in memory of Œpir, her husbandman.
- B This stone stands in memory of Œpir, on the Assembly-place in memory of Þóra's husband. He armed(?) (his) men in the west. The son saw this there ...
Sö 138
This granite runestone is classified as being carved in runestone style Fp.
Latin transliteration
- : hiar : stainr : stin : at : kuþan : ybis : arfa : ak : þurunaR kylu : broþurs : kuþ hialbin : at :
Old Norse transcription
- Hier stændr stæinn at goðan Øpis arfa ok ÞorunnaR, Gyllu broðurs. Guð hialpin and.
English transation
- Here stands the stone in memory of Œpir's and Þórunnr's good heir, Gylla's brother. May God help (his) spirit.
Sö 141
This granite runestone was raised by two parents in memory of their son and has a Christian cross near the top of the inscription. The reference to bridge-building in the runic text is fairly common in runestones during this time period. Some are Christian references related to the soul passing the bridge into the afterlife. At this time, the Catholic Church sponsored the building of roads and bridges through the use of indulgences in return for the church's intersession for the soul of the departed.[4] There are many examples of these bridge stones dated from the eleventh century, including runic inscriptions Sö 101, U 489, and U 617.[4]
Latin transliteration
- sloþi auk * rahnfriþ * þau * litu * biþi * bro * k(i)ara * a... * (s)...in * ra-(s)n * eftiR ihulbiarn * sun sin *
Old Norse transcription
- Sloði ok Ragnfriðr þau letu baði bro gæra o[k] s[tæ]in ræ[i]sa æftiR Igulbiorn, sun sinn.
English translation
- Slóði and Ragnfríðr, they both had the bridge made and the stone raised in memory of Ígulbjôrn, their son.
References
- ^ Line, Philip (2007). Kingship and State Formation in Sweden, 1130-1290. Leiden: Brill. p. 154. ISBN 90-04-15578-3.
- ^ a b Jansson, Sven B. F. (1948). "Sörmländska Runstensfynd" (PDF). Fornvännen. 43. Swedish National Heritage Board: 282–314.
- ^ Fuglesang, Signe Horn (1998). "Swedish Runestones of the Eleventh Century". In Düwel, Klaus; Hoops, Johannes; et al. (eds.). Runeninschriften als Quellen Interdisziplinärer Forschung. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 199. ISBN 3-11-015455-2.
{{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|editor2-first=(help) - ^ a b *Gräslund, Anne-Sofie (2003). "The Role of Scandinavian Women in Christianisation: The Neglected Evidence". In Carver, Martin (ed.). The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300-1300. Boydell Press. pp. 483–496. ISBN 1-903153-11-5. p. 490-492.