Gaspé Peninsula

This article is about the Gaspé or Gaspésie peninsula. For the Quebec provincial administrative region, see Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine. For the municipality, see Gaspé, Quebec.

NASA satellite image of the Gaspé Peninsula. Part of Anticosti Island appears to the northeast.

Percé's Rocher Percé, circa 1900.

File:Gaspésie unofficial flag.svg

Unofficial Gaspésie flag.

The ' ' ' Gaspésie' ' ' is one peninsula Canadian located at the south-east of Quebec with l' valley of Matapédia and is surrounded of water of St. Lawrence river in north, St-Laurent gulf with l' is and bay of Heats in the south. The name of “' ' Gaspésie' ' ” is a derivative of the word Gaspé which is a derivative of the term micmaque “' ' Gespeg' ' ” meaning “fine grounds”. The peninsula gaspésienne was the cradle of Canada at the time of the unloading of Jacques Cartier in 1534. A few two hundred years later, it Battle of Ristigouche in 1760, at the bottom of bay of Heats, the fate of News-France at the time of the last naval battle seals, for the conquest of the new world, between the two colonial great powers of l' time: France and l' England. In turn land of welcome for Intrigues, Acadie NS, Loyal supporters, fishermen Basque, Breton, Jersey, emigrants Irish, Scot, Belgians and the migrations of Canadian-French, Gaspésie preserves the mark of it still aujourd' today so much by its evocative toponyms than by the various picturesque accents which follow one another of one village the other.

Geography

The surface of Gaspésie is equivalent to that of Belgium more half of Swiss with its Template:Unit. Its population reaches the 100,000 inhabitants. The peninsula is bordered in north by l' estuary of the St. Lawrence river, in the south by bay of Heat] and with l' is by the gulf of the St. Lawrence. It includes l' together of Gaspésie administrative (Gaspésie-Island-of-the-Madeleine) and part of the administrative area of Low-Saint-Laurent. This article will deal with tourist Gaspésie. This area starts with Holy-Flavie, where road 132 separates into two to form an itinerant loop d' approximately Template:Unit ' ' Gabriel Audet' ' , Gaspésie, Low-Saint-Laurent, islands of the Madeleine, Ulysses edition, 5 edition, 2002,

areas of Gaspésie

Régions naturelles de la Gaspésie : 1-La Côte; 2-La Haute-Gaspésie; 3-La Pointe; 4-La Baie-des-Chaleurs; 5-La Vallée

Gaspésie consists of five natural areas. In north, bordered by gulf of the St. Lawrence, Gaspésie includes/understands the Coast, the Highone and part of the Point. In the south, bordered by bay of Heats, one finds part of the Point, Bay-of-Heats and the Valley of Matapédia. The coast located at north is much more abrupt than that of the south what supported l' human occupation and its activities in the south of Gaspésie Template:Bond Web, paragraph on the ' ' coast gaspésienne' '.

the Coast

The Coast is held Holy-Flavie with Méchins along l' estuary of The St. Lawrence by following immense curve. Matane, of which l' average altitude is of Template:Unit, is more the big city of this area which has an average altitude of. Three rivers are thrown in the St. Lawrence and cross the landscape perpendicularly: rivers Mitis, Matane and Cape-Cat. These rivers are famous for fishing with salmon. The landscape is mainly composed of hills worked by l' agriculture and of more or less wooded sectors. Towards Méchins, the relief becomes more abrupt. The local population saw l' agriculture in summer and of l' exploitation of wood in winter. The town of Matane gathers the major part of the population of this area.

The High-Gaspésie

Paysage d'automne de la Haute-Gaspésie

High-Gaspésie the s' extends along the St. Lawrence gulf of the city of Cape-Cat to the village of Large-Valley while passing by Holy-Anne-of-Mounts. It includes it national park of Gaspésie on part of the Mounts Knack-Shocks. The landscape consists of cliff S and of mountain S which marks the end of the chain of the Appalachian Mountains. Road 132 fact of many laces wedged between the littoral and cliffs. Many valleys were formed with l' mouth of the rivers. They are often the place of the sites of many villages of fishermen, because with l' shelter of the wind and the waves. More in the grounds, the mounts reach Template:Unit height.

La Pointe

Cap Gaspé

C' is the extreme part of going Gaspésie of Large-Valley with Port-Daniel and bathing in gulf of the St. Lawrence. One l' affuble often of l' one of the most beautiful places of Gaspésie. The landscape is less abrupt and more cut out coast of courses and d' handles. More in the south, the landscape is made up large bays like bay of Gaspé, the bay of Malbaie and that of l' Handle-with-Beaufils. It includes it Forillon national park which is the extreme point of this area. L' principal saving in this area is it fish and the marketing of fish. The city of River-with-Fox is the capital with its important fishing port. The point of Saint-Pierre was l' one of the most important sites of fishing and represents the point more with l' is of Gaspésie. Bored rock is an important tourist place of the Point with its particular landscape. The village of Bored is d' elsewhere more attended of Gaspésie. The point finishes in the town of Port-Daniel located at the edge of Bay of Heats.

La Baie des Chaleurs

Le rocher Percé

Its name comes from bay and its moderate water close to Template:Unité which inspired Jacques Cartier on its arrival in the area. In this area a microclimate reigns there which contrasts with the cold of the northern part of Gaspésie. It includes it national park of Miguasha which protects the site containing from many fossil S of plants and d' animals.

the Valley of Matapédia

Template:Detailed article Sometimes named simply “the Valley”, it is the part with l' west of Gaspésie and the only one not to have access to the sea. The forest, especially made up d' virginals and of fir trees, recovers most of the area. Fishing with salmon is a popular leisure in the many rivers of the valley. The river is stopped by two big lakes d' glacial origin: the lake Matapédia and the lake with Salmon.

the road 132

Panneaux de signalisation à Rivière-du-Loup vers Gaspé

.It makes it possible to make the full rotation of Gaspésie and d' to reach all the tourist attractions of the area. It was completed in 1929 after a decision of Joseph-Léonide Perron, Minister for the voirie' ' Gaspésie, its landscape, its history, its people, its attraits' ' , Paul Laramée and Marie-Jose Auclair, editions of l' Man, 2003, Road 132 bore in its honor the name of Perron boulevard, because it made it possible to disenclose the area and all the villages which constitute it and which n' were accessible that by the sea or chaotic ways. This road also made it possible to support tourism with construction d' tourist infrastructures. Road 132 circumvents Gaspésie while following the coasts and by connecting the cities and villages of North and the South. It crosses the five natural areas of Gaspésie. Another road, road 299 allows d' to reach in the middle of Gaspésie and in the more high summits of Quebec southernmost.

Geology

The landscape s' is formed by l' appearance of the chain of the Appalachian Mountains which upset l' is of l' North America there is one half-milliard d' years Template:Bond Web. The chain s' extends from l' Alabama jusqu' with Newfoundland on 2,500 km. The northern part of Gaspésie appeared during l' orogenesis taconiennegrand upheaval of l' Earth's crust at the same time as it fault of Logan which separates the Canadian shield from the Appalachian Mountains in the St. Lawrence.The Mounts Knack-Shocks were formed during this rising. South of Gaspésie s' is formed later during l' acadian orogenesis 390 million years ago. Gradually, the mountains of the Appalachian Mountains eroded giving undulating plains now. Only the hard core of the heart of the chain made up of granite of McGerrigle mounts remained escarpé. Aujourd' today, the relief consists of four plates staged as follows: the plate of the mount Albert and McGerrigle mounts with approximately Template:Unit, the high-plate of Knack-Shocks starting from Template:Unit, the Appalachian plate starting from Template:Unit and the low coastal plate of 0 with Template:Unit.

Hydrography

Gaspésie has many river S which all are almost directed North-South or south-north. This orientation made it possible to define two hydrographic areas major which divide Gaspésie in two: the hydrographic area of bay of Heats and of Bored Template:Bond Web and that of the south-eastern St. Lawrence Template:Bond Web. The first area is made up of basins slopes of Madawaska, Matapédia, the News and Cascapédia. The second gathers to them basins slopes of Bécancour, Boyer, the Boiler, the South, l' Etchemin, of the Wolf, Mitis, Matane, Holy-Anne, l' York, of Rimouski, Kamouraska and Fouquette. In the northern part of Gaspésie escarpée, the rivers are short and are thrown in Gulf of the St. Lawrence like the rivers Cape-cat, Saint-Anne and Madeleine Template:Bond Web, paragraph on ' ' rivières' '. In the south, the rivers are longer, calmer and are thrown in bay of Heats. The river Large-Cascapédia is longest and measures 58 kilometers. The largest basins slopes are those of the rivers Ristigouche, Matapédia, Bonaventure and CascapédiaIls exceeds with Template:Unit, Template:Bond Web. The principal lakes of the area are those of Seven Islands, Cascapédia, Holy-Anne and of YorkIls exceeds the km ², Template:Bond Web and all are mainly used for fish, it holiday and the récréo-tourist activities. This hydrographic network was used formerly for the transport of wood the jusqu' with the mouths of the rivers on which were pulp mills. The mouths were also places of refuge for the boats and sites privileged for the villages of fishermen. Aujourd' today, this network whose water quality is irreproachable Template:Bond Web allows to support the development of watery fauna but also to maintain the fishing of leisure with salmon.

Climate

The climate of Gaspésie is very heterogeneous because of its contrasted reliefs and landscapes. He is regarded in way general as boreal. However, the temperatures are more important on the seaside than on the relief and precipitations of rain and snow more important contrary to the temperatures in altitudes, on the tops of the chain of the Appalachian Mountains the Template:Bond Web. The climate is more rigorous than the remainder of Quebec because of l' influence gulf of the St. Lawrence. The average temperatures with Cape-Cat are of Template:Unité and precipitations of Template:Unit /an. On the contrary, in top of Jacques-Cartier mount, the temperature goes down to - Template:Unité and it permafrost can reach the Template:Unit of profondeur' ' Gaspésie, its landscape, its history, its people, its attraits' ' , Paul Laramée and Marie-Jose Auclair, editions of l' Man, 2003, . The climate is known as subarctic, even alpine in top of the tops. Wind and it fog are also climatic parameters very present. The wind farm of Cape-Cat attests d' presence; a regular and permanent wind. One observes, in addition to the differences d' altitudes, a western difference/is climate. The point is touched much by the bad weather with 1,400 mm/an that l' extreme west with Template:Unit /an. In the same way, a NORTH-SOUTH difference is characterized by higher temperatures in the south in Bay of Heats (Template:Unité) against (Template:Unit) on the edges of The St. Lawrence ' ' Gaspésie, its landscape, its history, its people, its attraits' ' , Paul Laramée and Marie-Jose Auclair, editions of l' Man, 2003

History

People of the Intrigues

the first men

The oldest traces of human occupation of the peninsula gaspésienne are on the archeological site of The Marten on the northern coast of Gaspésie. This area has an important concentration of sites paléo-Indians going back to approximately 9,000 years before aujourd' today. Characterized by their culture known as ' ' plano' ' , of the name of the techniques of manufacture of the points of lances used to drive out, these populations were wandering and lived hunting for the terrestrial mammals (caribous, mooses, bear, hares, etc) and resources watery (marine mammals and fish). Traces of Amerindian the S are discovered with the Marten of 7,000 years with 2,000 years before aujourd' today. Then these people modified their modes of displacement by exploiting much more the natural resources. They gradually built territory S made up of villages. With the Template:XVIe century, Gaspésie is separate into two. In north, them Iroquois have all the valley of The St. Lawrence, tandis qu' in the south, them Intrigue S hold it Bay of Heats. The two people practise to it fish with mackerel X and with seal the S at sea, and with salmon the S in the grounds. But, in 1570, Iroquois leave the territory because of territorial conflicts with the Intrigues. The latter thus take the control of all Gaspésie. They are large fishermen and exploit all the marine resources: seals, Morses, molluscs, shellfish and of many fish.

Portrait of Jacques Cartier

The Intrigues are the first contacts qu' Europeans have while unloading in Gaspésie Template:Bond Web. Officially, c' is Jacques Cartier which discovers and s' adapt this area in the name of the French king [[François Ier de France|François I Template:Er]]. However, it does nothing but follow the road of the Breton and Basque fishermen Template:Bond Web which already came to drive out it whale and to fish it cod on the coasts gaspésiennes and in l' estuary of Saint-LaurentEn 1587, Charles Leigh thus finds 150 fishermen of Ciboure working at the Iles-de-la-Madeleine. Left Saint-Malo, on April 20 1534, Jacques Cartier unloads in bay of Heats on July 3 of the same year. C' is in particular him which named the area ' ' Bay-of-Chaleurs' ' because of its rather lenient climate. On July 24, it reaches bay of Gaspé and plant a cross attesting of l' occupation of the grounds by France. Its site is still subjected to controversy {{bond Web|url= http://www.encyclobec.ca/main.php?docid=178%7Ctitre=Où Jacques did Cartier plant his cross? |éditeur=Encyclobec, historical areas of Quebec| accessed = 06/06/2007)) </ ref>. During his next trip, Jacques Cartier continues the exploration of the St. Lawrence region of Quebec abandoning the Gaspé.

Occupation

French and English In the sixteenth century (()), the occupation of lands in the Gaspé Europeans is not permanent. Only coast and sea are occupied seasonally by fishermen. However, from (()) seventeenth century, the fishing Cod becomes dominant and fishermen bring ashore facilities for drying and processing of cod to treat it before sending in [ [Europe]]. In 1676, Pierre Denys de la Ronde establishes the first post Gaspésie permanent fishing. Colonization by Europeans is motivated by fishing. At that time, various Lord s are held by some operators of fishing. Most cities like Port-Daniel, Matane and Gaspé are based because of the growth of the economy caused by fishing. The Lordship of Pabos is the largest fishing station in 1750.

However, the region is troubled by incessant conflict between the France and England. The warships are constantly in the waters of the Gaspe Peninsula and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, which prevents fishermen's work and trade. Periods of calm and chaos in the colonies succeeded in Gaspésie. In 1756, the England declares war on France sounded the start of the Seven Years War in which France lost the New France.

((Article | Seven Years War))

The numerous fishing stations in Gaspésie are destroyed during the British march to Quebec and 1760, the Battle of the Restigouche marks the turning point of the war. The last ships of the French fleet were destroyed by the British in the Bay of Chaleur, along the Restigouche River. On 10 September 1760 Montreal surrendered and the New France and the Gaspe become English lands. The Gaspé is so disorganized and facilities for fishing completely destroyed by the English. The area is deserted by its inhabitants, only Micmac and some French settlers remain on site. Gaspésie becomes a haven for primarily Acadia n and Loyalist s fleeing their homeland.

Illustration by reading the order to deport the Acadians by Colonel Winslow in the church at Grand-Pré

In 1755, Acadia, a former province of New France, is subject to the deportation by the English, because the Acadians will not submit to British demands. Many Acadians fled to Gaspe and mainly in the Baie des Chaleurs since, until 1763, they are driven from their homeland. The Acadians then form the bulk of the population of the Gaspé. A second population nucleus comes from the American independence with Loyalist s loyal to the crown of England leaking states of America. Many settled in the Gaspé and in particular to Paspébiac. Other English-speaking immigrants (Ireland, England and Scotland) will rejoin the Gaspe attracted by the fishing and the economy.

The opening of the Gaspé

In the eighteenth century (()) and (()) nineteenth century, Gaspésie lives mainly from fishing and its parallel activities. Its maritime activity is managed by Europeans and especially Anglo-Normans of the Jersey rising real fishing companies. The boat is the only means of communication, which causes isolation of the Gaspe Peninsula with the rest of Canada. This isolation has had a significant impact on culture, heritage and lifestyle of the Gaspe Peninsula. The whaling is practiced in the nineteenth century (()) and the port of Gaspé is the first Canadian port with seven boats on thirteen <ref> link ((web | url = http:/ / www.encyclobec.ca/main.php?docid=123|titre=La whaling | publisher = encyclobec the historical regions of Quebec | April = 07/06/2007)) </ ref>. The hunt took place near the tip of Gaspé and the mouth of the St. Lawrence River and four related species of whale including the Right Whale, the humpback whale The fin and Blue Whale. The oil extracted from whales to feed on Québec. But overfishing, competition with American hunters and coal oil caused the end of this activity to 1900.

The twentieth century (()) marks a turning point for the Peninsula with a decline in fishing Cod. The Gaspé is at the heart of river and sea links with its proximity to the ocean and the St. Lawrence. With the decline of fisheries, Gaspésie becomes isolated and far from urban centers consisting of Quebec and Montreal ((link <ref> web | url = http://www.encyclobec.ca/ main.php? docid = 107 | title = The opening to the world | publisher = encyclobec the historical regions of Quebec | April = 07/06/2007)) </ ref>. In 1911 The railway met Gaspe fully unlocking the Gaspé. Then from 1920, the Route 132 to access the entire peninsula. Finally, Gaspésie approaches the rest of Quebec. Logging becomes a new activity with colonization of the Matapédia Valley.

Economy

The economy was initially based mainly on the fishing, the agriculture and logging. Today, Gaspésie must diversify because its primary resources are also more efficient than before mainly because of the fishing, overexploitation of forest and fewer farmers <ref> ( (link web | url = http://www.encyclobec.ca/main.php?docid=117%7Ctitre=La Gaspe Peninsula and the New Economy | publisher = encyclobec the historical regions of Quebec | April = 07/06 / 2007)) </ ref>. The economy is therefore obliged to shift to new industries. Thus, pharmaceutical, shipbuilding and wood settle in Gaspé.

Agriculture

Since the occupation of the Gaspe Peninsula by French sailors, the earth is exploited to feed the men on shore. This operation is reduced and confined to a gardening. Then with the installation of business processing cod, agriculture and animal husbandry denser <ref> link ((web | url = http://www.encyclobec.ca/main.php?docid=124 | title = Agriculture in Gaspésie, 1534 - 1939 | publisher = Encyclobec | April = 17/06/2007)) </ ref>. However, that agriculture remains a food crop.

Under British occupation, the Acadians who escaped deportation exploit the land more important. However, the land does not belong to them unlike loyalist who receive State of acres of land. The main crops are the barley and potato and farmers harvesting hay. They also raise cattle, horses, cows and sheep. The (()) twentieth century saw significant development of agriculture through the organization of farmers associations like the Union des producteurs agricoles (UPA) <ref> ((web link | UPA publisher = | title = European producers Agricultural Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine | url = http://www.gaspesielesiles.upa.qc.ca/fhtm/faccueil_upa.htm%7Cconsulté the = 17/06/2007)) </ ref>.

In 2002, the number of farms is 644 including 328 farm production plant and 316 animal production <ref name="agriculture"> link ((web | title = Agricultural production of Gaspé, Magdalen Islands | publisher = Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of Quebec | url = http://www.mapaq.gouv.qc.ca/Fr/Regions/gaspesieilesdelamadeleine/profil/productionagricole/%7Cconsulté the = 17/06/2007)) </ ref>. More than half of farm animal production raises beef cattle (138 farms from 316 in 2002) while in crop production, more than half produce grain and protein (184 of 328 farms in 2002). Agricultural production reporting the largest income is the production of potato with ((Unit | 45 |))% revenue production plant . In terms of land use, agriculture represents a very small size compared to the forest and confined along the Saint-Laurent between River -du-Loup and Matane ((link <ref> web | url = http://vuesensemble.atlas.gouv.qc.ca/site_web/mosaique.htm%7Céditeur=Gouvernement Quebec | title = Overview of Quebec | April = 25/06/2007)) </ ref>.

Fishing === === The fishing is a historical resource and economic importance of the Gaspe Peninsula. The first European men were fishing the whale and Cod on the Gaspé coast. Today is the Gaspe region of Quebec, which produces the most fish and crustaceans with ((formatnum: 40,897 tons)) out of ((formatnum:)) 62,222 tons in 2004 <ref name="Peche_gaspesie"> ((link web | url = http://www.mapaq.gouv.qc.ca/Fr/Peche/md/statistiques/pecheaquaculture/pechemaritime/%7Céditeur=Ministère of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of Quebec | title = Sea Fishing | April = 24/06/2007)) </ ref>. However, the moratorium on the Cod created by Mulroney, which prohibits fishing since 1992, are crustaceans like shrimp and snow crab that are the products most landed Quebec. Gaspésie part for half the fishing of snow crab with ((formatnum: 8816)) tons of a total of ((formatnum: 15289)) tons in 2004 and almost all prawns with ((formatnum: 21,396 tonnes caught)) to ((formatnum: 22347)) tons in Quebec in 2004.

Industry === ===

File:Aeolian Gaspesie.jpg

Wind Vertical Cap-Chat

Resources related to the wind were revived. Indeed, the construction of several wind farms by 2012, following a tender of Hydro-Québec ((formatnum total: 1000)) MW, has fostered the creation of manufacturing jobs. In 2005, a company manufacturing wind turbine blades has been established in Gaspe. Two other companies have emerged following the tender: Marmen which manufactures towers and Composites VCI that produces pods. By cons, they are located on the territory of the MRC Matane part of the Gaspe tourism. A deposit of petroleum recently discovered near Gaspé gives hope to the Gaspe who undergo several years, the effects of a faltering economy.

Tourism

The tourism is also an important economic factor through gaspésiens exceptional natural environments.

== == Land and Nature

The Gaspé Peninsula is rich in its seascapes and mountains, its valleys, bays and coasts of its more diversified and picturesque. In Gaspésie that ends the mainland of the Appalachian, mountain range covering eastern North America in a north-south. Its peaks (Mont Jacques-Cartier Mount Albert) remain among the highest in Eastern Canada.

National Parks === === This area is operated and controlled by Canadians through parks, wildlife sanctuaries and areas of operations. In Gaspésie, a National Park of Canada, Forillon, and three national park of Quebec: sepaq.com / pq / gas / fr / Gaspésie Île-Bonaventure-et-du-Rocher-Percé and sepaq.com / pq / mig / en / Miguasha, are protected areas.

The National Park Forillon covers the tip of the Gaspé area of ((Unit | 244.8 | km ²)). Her father created many expropriation of property of the inhabitants of the tip. Park to discover the sea and culture of cod fishermen. Impressive cliffs in Cap-Bon-Ami are places of nestling many seabirds. With its most savage, the National Park Gaspe is located in the heart of the peninsula and covers the chain of Appalachian. Mainly composed of mountains, the park contains the highest peaks of Quebec, including Mount Jacques Cartier to ((Unit | 1,270 | m)) and ((Albert Drive | 1.154 | m)). This park remains the most savage of the Gaspé. The smaller the National Park of Bonaventure Island and du-Rocher-Percé is located in the region south Perce National Park Forillon. It covers an area of ((Unit | 5.8 |)) km ² with five rock formations such as the extraordinary Percé rock placed along the sea coast and the island Bonaventure refuge gannets. Finally, the National Park Miguasha is located along the river Restigouche River and protects a site rich and extensive fossil dating back 370 million years. He is entered in World Heritage of UNESCO since 1999.

Wildlife reserves === ===

File:View reserve matane 01 (2005-08). Jpg

Landscape Pond-in-the-trout in the Matane Wildlife Reserve

In addition to national parks, Gaspésie holds several Québec Wildlife Reserves operated by SEPAQ, Society of outdoor facilities in Quebec <ref> com / index.html SEPAQ, the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec. The largest network of nature and outdoor activities in Quebec <! - Title automatically generated --></ ref>. These are areas dedicated to the preservation and discovery of nature. These are areas in which the hunting, the fishing and sporting activities are regulated, as defined by Article 111 of the Actconservation and development Wildlife<ref> Department of Natural Resources and Wildlife - Wildlife Reserves <! - Title automatically generated -- > </ ref>. Gaspe Peninsula eight wildlife reserves.

List of wildlife reserves:

• Wildlife Chic-Chocs
• Wildlife Sanctuary River Cascapédia
• Wildlife Sanctuary River St. Anne
• Matane Wildlife Reserve
• Wildlife Sanctuary Dunière
• Wildlife Sanctuary in Port-Daniel
• River Wildlife Sanctuary-Matapédia-et-Patapédia
• Wildlife Sanctuary Rivière-Saint-Jean

The controlled zones (zecs)

Fishing in salmon in a Zec River Matapédia

The controlled zones or zecs <ref> Department of Natural Resources and Wildlife - controlled zones (zecs )</ ref>, agencies, non-profit, are natural areas regulated by Article 104 of the Actconservation and enhancement of wildlife<ref> ((link web | title = Conservation Act and the enhancement of wildlife | url = Act on conservation and development of wildlife | publisher = Publications du Quebec | April = 24/06/2007)) </ ref>, as wildlife sanctuaries. These areas have met four key principles: the conservation of wildlife, access to wildlife resources, user participation and self-financing operations.

In Gaspé, there are fifteen of the 86 zecs zecs of Quebec covering an area of ((formatnum: 1205)) km ². Most zecs are devoted to sport fishing in salmon. Work with sampling as hunting, fishing and gathering are subject to the payment giving a right of entry and use. This levy provides self-powered zecs and ensure user safety. The samples are thus counted and monitored to maintain a renewal of animal and floral reserves.

Flora === === The flora of the Gaspe Peninsula is very diverse because of micro-climates that we meet. Indeed, between the banks and the sea of high peaks, the canopy is different from one area to another. The forest covers much of the territory of which ((Unit | 96 |%)) are lumber whose balsam fir dominant. Some deciduous s such as Maple live near the coasts, while the interior is filled with evergreen s.

The vegetation changes with altitude. At the height 0, we find Maple s and birch yellow, then to ((Unit | 100 | m)) firs appear then to ((Unit | 250 | m )) to ((Unit | 300 | m)) of black spruce. It is the northern temperate zone dominated by fir and yellow birch <ref> # sapBouleauJaune MRNF - Vegetation zones and bioclimatic areas of Quebec <! - Title automatically generated --></ ref>. Beyond ((Unit | 900 | m)), hardwoods are more present, only the white spruce and the pines are resistant to harsh conditions of winter. This is the boreal zone dominated by fir and white birch <ref> # sapBouleauBlanc MRNF - Vegetation zones and bioclimatic areas of Quebec <! - Title automatically generated --></ ref>. Beyond ((Unit | 1,000 | m)), a cover feature of the tundra This is a herbaceous and lichen.

Some regions are trying to showcase the flora of the Gaspe as the Jardins de Métis in Grand-Metis ((link <ref> web | url = http://www.jardinsmetis.com/index . htm | publisher = Jardin de Métis | title = Home Garden Métis | April = 24/06/2007)) </ ref>. The lagoon, sandbars visible in the Gaspé Bay, are also of particular settings where the flora must resist the salt of the earth. There are plants such as Mertensia, the Marine Glaux, the glassworth or beach pea.

Finally, seven plants have the status of endangered and protected species. Examples include the Polystichum rocks <ref> http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/biodiversite/especes/polystic/polystic.htm to see more details </ ref> or the [ [Maidenhair Canada]] <ref> plants threatened or vulnerable in Quebec - Canada Maidenhair <! - Title automatically generated --></ ref>. The website of the Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment and Parks <ref> threatened or vulnerable species in Quebec <! -- Title automatically generated --></ ref> give the entire list of threatened plants of Canada.

Wildlife === ===

A moose

Wildlife, a rich, including many birds and large mammals. The region is famous for bird watching with over 300 species of birds <ref> link ((web | publisher = Birds of Quebec | url = http://www.oiseauxqc.org/listeregionale.jsp?region=caqc15 | title = List of birds of Gaspésie | April = 23/06/2007)) </ ref> as gannet, the Red-necked Grebe The night heron l 'goshawk or the Eider.

Gaspésie can also find many marine mammals including off Point Forillon. Some whales like the Blue Whale, the fin or small whale are common in the region. The seal gray or joint can be observed from the coast.

The mammals are characteristic of Canada as the black bear, the Moose (elk) and deer. The region has the only herd of caribou s located south of St. Lawrence since 1930. It is the National Park Gaspe and an estimated herd size of 150 to 200 individuals <ref> See website of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Wildlife http://www.fapaq.gouv.qc .ca / en / etu_rec / esp_mena_vuln / fiche_esp.asp? noEsp = 1 </ ref>. The herd and its habitat are protected because it is the only herd isolated in southern Quebec and its decline during the last hundred years is very important. We observed caribou in the mountains Chic-Choc and McGerrigle Mountains. Unlike caribou, the Moose is present in the Gaspé with a very high density of 4.16 moose per unit ((| 10 |)) km ² and a population of about ((formatnum: 5000 )) <ref> moose from the company of wildlife and parks http://www.fapaq.gouv.qc.ca/fr/c_press/region/gasp_iles/c000906new.htm </ ref>. This density can be explained by the absence of predator s. However, the hunting moose, which is much coveted by the Gaspe, occurs once a year and lasts about a week. In this way we try to regulate the number of moose in the Gaspe. If the last census it into account too, will increase the number of hunting permits allowed in certain areas for that period or it will lengthen the period of hunting.

== == Heritage Lighthouses === ===

File:The Lighthouse Martre.jpg

La Martre Lighthouse

In Gaspésie, the headlights are numerous and diverse as the Navigation has always been dangerous in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the various bays of the peninsula <ref> link ((web | url = http://www. encyclobec.ca / main.php? docid = 510 | title = The headlights | publisher = encyclobec the historical regions of Quebec | April = 06/06/2007)) </ ref>. The first lighthouse built in the 1860s are the towers of wood square or octagonal for economic reasons. These lighthouses form a network along the Gulf. Lighthouse Cap des Rosiers historic monument is the first built in Gaspesie 1858<ref> Gaspe, its landscape, its history, its people, its attractions,Paul Laramee and Marie-José Auclair, Editions de l'Homme, 2003, ((ISBN | 2-7619-1792-8)), page 155 </ ref>.

In the 1870s, the government sets up a telegraph network that allows different lights to follow the route of vessels. The La Martre lighthouse was built in 1876. In the 1900s, this network is wireless and allows keepers to communicate with the boats. Later, other lighthouses, this time iron, are built to Métis, Cap-Chat and Matane and Pointe-à-la-Renommée.

Covered Bridges === === The Gaspé is known for its ten Covered Bridges Wooden almost every service <ref>Gaspe, its landscape, its history, its people, its attractions,Paul Laramee and Marie-José Auclair , Editions de l'Homme, 2003, ((ISBN | 2-7619-1792-8)), page 168 </ ref> built until 1950. This feature was used as cover economic bridge allowed to increase its shelf life by preventing decay of wood deck. The roof is constructed of shingles cedar and often dyed red from blood of beef mixed with oil for waterproofing.

The longest covered bridge, a length of 89 meters, is the bridge of Saint-Edgar dating from 1938 Petite Cascapedia River in New Richmond. Heppel bridge dating from 1909 on the Matapédia River is the oldest bridge.

Other

• The wind farm North is located at Cap-Chat and has 133 wind turbines with the highest vertical wind in the world.
• The Rock Cap-Chat
• The syncline Mount Saint-Pierre
• The rock lying on the Great Valley
• The glacial valley of Mont Saint-Pierre
• The Mont Jacques-Cartier in the National Park Gaspe
• The waterfall St. Anne's cottage near Mont-Albert in the National Park Gaspe
• The deposit geode of Mount Lyall
• Mine copper of Murdochville
• The peninsula Forillon
• The Indian Head Rock at Saint-Georges-de-Malbaie
• The Rock Perce and Bonaventure Island
• The Anse-à-Beaufils and agate
• Cave St. Elzear
• The lagoon of Carleton
• Mount St. Joseph (Carleton)
• The National Park Miguasha
• The site's Bench fishing Paspebiac
• Site History Mary Traverse Dite La Bolduc at Newport

Schedules

((Commons | Category: Gaspe | Gaspe)) Related === ===

• Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine
• Quebec
• Jacques Cartier
• Micmac

External Links

• Info Gaspesie (tourist information)
• Zone Cultural Gaspésie
• Government Portal Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine
• Map Gaspésie tourist
• Tourism Gaspésie
• [Portal http://www.gaspesie.net Gaspesien]
• Internet Portal Gaspésie
• Official website of the Government of Quebec
• information and news from the Gaspé
• Guide Gaspésie
• Sentiersgaspesie.com
• Gaspé, I love you!

Bibliography

• Paul Laramee and Marie-José Auclair,'The Gaspé, Les Editions de l'Homme ((ISBN | 2-7619-1792-8))
• Gabriel Audet,Gaspésie: Bas-Saint-Laurent, Îles de la Madeleine(paperback)
• José Benmouyal, 1987:The Paleo-Indians in the Iroquois Gaspe, six thousand years of history. Hot 63, Department of Cultural Affairs, Quebec. [1]
• Adrian Burke, 2002, "The careers of recent Paleoindian La Martre and geology of chert mixture of Cap-Chat,Amerindian Research in Quebec32 (3): 91-99.
• Eric Chalifoux, 1999, "The recent Paleoindian occupations in Gaspe,Amerindian Research in Quebec29 (3): 77-93.

Notes and references

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((Palette Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine)) ((Portal | Gaspésie | Quebec | Acadia | shipping))