Freiburg Minster

The building of Freiburg Münster or cathedral of our love woman went through three stylistic building phases: the "konradinisch"-Roman, "the bertholdinisch" spaetromanische and the gothical-spaetgotische. The konradinische phase is designated after the Zaehringer Konrad I. and begins around 1120; in this year the Freiburg created already in former times kept the market and municipal law lent from it and its brother Berthold I.; these two Zaehringer are considered therefore as "Stadtgruender". From the first building exist only foundation remainder. Under the last Zaehringer Berthold V. began 1210/1220 the second building phase in spaetromanisch dreischiffigem style with west tower, transverse house, Chorapsiden and choir towers; of it only the transverse house and the stumps of these towers are received. The third building phase begun around 1230 brought the Muenster practically into the today's shape. The Muenster is the town church of Freiburg in mash gau and only since 1827 bishop seat. (Erzdioezese Freiburg) thus the church is today formally a cathedral and only from tradition still cathedral is called. During the building in latin a document is designated from 27 May 1298 still as parish church ("ecclesia parochialis"), appears the designation cathedral for the first time on 24 December 1356 in a document of the Pfalzgraefin Klara of Tübingen, the daughter on 9 November 1356 died counts Friedrich of Freiburg: "zuo Friburg in the Muenster". One had thus taken over the name for that, become in the meantime the designation of large churches, gothical extension building.

Architecture

The salient tower of the Muenster, designation by Swiss art historian Jacob Burckhardt once as "the most beautiful tower in the Christianity", is 116 meters high. At the foot of the tower the building is nearly square in the sketch; the walls are wuchtig and nearly without break-through. Approximately on the center of the tower this by the 12-eckigen star gallery is surrounded. Above the gallery the tower sits down as if eight-hit a corner away. The octagonal part goes over into sucked. Lantern, which is also accessible. On this height the tower broke through already often; from its eight high spitzbogenfenstern four release the view outward. Over the lantern are the likewise octagonal, filigrane and often broken through polygonal spire. The rib elbows are occupied with crabs. Its expression strength wins the tower by the architecturally completed, like spielerischen transitions of the square over the twelve-angular to the octagonal form into the polygonal spire up to the helmet flower on the highest point. It is the only such gothical church tower in Germany, which was completed still in the Middle Ages (over 1330) and since then nearly like a miracle the time outlasted, also the Bombenangrif from 27 November 1944, which destroyed the houses in the next environment of the tower. However the building was pulled by the vibrations strongly in. The fact that also the filigrane polygonal spire got over the vibrations is attributed to the lead anchors, which serve as connection of the individual segments of the polygonal spire. The windows had been taken out before the attack and endured therefore likewise the vibrations. At present the cathedral Muenster was not Freiburg a bishop seat; therefore the church in the remarkable contrast possesses one tower to other gothical cathedrals only. Two towers were alone bishop churches reserved. The bishop seat Freiburg became only 1827. Berthold V. (? 1218), wanted to create an appropriate burial place and the konradinischen building, which too small parish church from the establishment time of the city, become, to replace. Initially with the building in the lateRoman style, after the model of the Basler of cathedral, one began. Of it today still the transverse ship and the stumps of the seitentuerme are received. Off approx.. 1230 the building however in the new style of the French gothic continued with the nave and the tower. Subsequently, the lategothical choir with chapel ring was established, put to on 24 March 1354 the foundation-stone (with medium high-German text: "of God birth mcccliiii jar to our frowen abent in the uasten lead one the first stone on disen kor"). After a building interruption of approx.. 100 years the choir 1513 was completed; only one had briefly before broken off the lateRoman choir, around which the new choir had been built around 1475. In 16. Century to the south facade of the Roman transverse ship Renaissance-before-resounds added. The number wasserspeiern bizarren on, which has their-same only at few other gothical churches, is particularly noteworthy. The tower accommodates 16 bells, the oldest is the "Hosanna" bell from the year 1258, it weighs 3290 kg and is one of the oldest received bells in this size. One can hear the bell sound of the Hosanna thursday evening after the Angelus, on Fridays at 11.00 o'clock (therefore "Spaetzleglocke"), Saturday evening and on each 27 November.

Interior

The most important pieces are the high altar of Hans Baldung Grien and an altar of Hans's getting leg the younger one in one of the choir chapels. The windows were donated by the handicraft guilds, whose symbols such as brezel, boot etc. on them to appear. Since 2003 are imposed the choir in the chamfering time with the chamfering cloth of 1612. This was restored and provided with a supporting material. It must be brought therefore in the future with a heavy transporter from the workshop in the cathedral, since it exhibits a weight of over a ton. In the choir is the tomb of the habsburgischen general v. Roth sketched by the sculptor Johann Christian Wentzinger. Freshly reconditioned presents itself for November 2004 those gothical portal-resounds in the west tower in new gloss. It shows a world court representation, which is extended by scenes from the life Jesu (birth and passion) on the Tympanon. In the center Christ is located as barmherziger judges. The Archivolten shows important figures of the old person of federation and refers in such a way to the continuity of old one and new federation. Haven alga walls is of a Marienzyklus occupied, in whose center a great Mariendarstellung is located on the Trumeaupfeiler of the portal. With the renovation and cleaning of the figures the condition of the preceding renovation became conscious from the 90's 19. Century again manufactured, for which the Freiburger glass painter and artist Fritz Geiges was responsible at that time.

Ownership

Regarding the legal situation the Freiburger cathedral is a characteristic. From the beginning the Muenster did not belong to the church. The building was advanced by the Freiburger citizenry. In the Middle Ages the situation changed such that the Muenster was right itself quasi "". The building was administered by one of the city ordered cathedral male nurses. In the modern times the Muenster of building of cathedrals was created, which is also legally seen owners of the Muenster.

Preservation

For the preservation of the Muenster 1890 the Freiburger association of building of cathedrals was created. The association must apply several million euro in the year around the Freiburger cathedral to secure and receive. Present Muensterbaumeisterin (conditions: November. 2005) is the Architektin Yvonne Faller. Chairman of the association is a head of the provincial government Sven von reluctantly Ungern-Sternberg. In the building of the old persons hut of building of cathedrals the association operates a small "cathedral shop".

Physical experiments for visitors

Who runs also openly eyes by the Freiburger cathedral, can learn quite somewhat over physics. Underneath the bell tower two points of brass are let in in the soil. Their larger the point, that, is geometrically seen, directly perpendicularly underneath the turmspitze of the bell tower is. The smaller point is that, at which an article would hit, if one would have it fallen directly from the point of the tower. The discrepancy (approx. 3.2 cm) between the geometrical point and the point of impact results from the earth rotation.