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{{for|the [[volcano|volcanic]] region on [[Io (moon)|Io]]|Tvashtar Paterae}}
{{for|the [[volcano|volcanic]] region on [[Io (moon)|Io]]|Tvashtar Paterae}}
In [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic religion]],'''{{IAST|Tvaṣṭṛ}}''' ({{lang-sa|त्वष्टर्}}), also transliterated as ''Tvaṣṭr'', nominative ''{{IAST|Tvaṣṭā}}'', is the ''heavenly builder'', the maker of divine implements, especially [[Indra]]'s [[Vajra]] and the guardian of [[Soma]]. Tvaṣṭṛ is mentioned 65 times in the [[rigveda|Ṛgveda]]<ref name="md" /> and is the former of the bodies of men and animals, and therefore called ''firstborn'' and invoked when desiring offspring, called ''garbha-pati'' or ''the lord of the womb''<ref name="md">{{cite book|last=Macdonell|first=Arthur Anthony |title=Vedic mythology|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|date=1995|series=Vedas|pages=116–118|chapter=Abstract Gods|isbn=8120811135, 9788120811133}}</ref>.
In [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic religion]],'''{{IAST|Tvaṣṭṛ}}''' ({{lang-sa|त्वष्टृ}}), also transliterated as ''Tvaṣṭr'', nominative ''{{IAST|Tvaṣṭā}}'', is the ''heavenly builder'', the maker of divine implements, especially [[Indra]]'s [[Vajra]] and the guardian of [[Soma]]. Tvaṣṭṛ is mentioned 65 times in the [[rigveda|Ṛgveda]]<ref name="md" /> and is the former of the bodies of men and animals, and therefore called ''firstborn'' and invoked when desiring offspring, called ''garbha-pati'' or ''the lord of the womb''<ref name="md">{{cite book|last=Macdonell|first=Arthur Anthony |title=Vedic mythology|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|date=1995|series=Vedas|pages=116–118|chapter=Abstract Gods|isbn=8120811135, 9788120811133}}</ref>.


Tvaṣṭṛ is also referred to as [[Rathakara|Rathakāra]] or ''the chariot maker''<ref name="pps">{{cite book|last=[[Pandurang Purushottam Shirodkar|Śiroḍkara]]|first=Paṇduraṅga Puruṣottama|title=Bhāratiya samājavighaṭaka jātivarṇa vyavasthā|publisher=Gomantaka Daivajña Brāhmaṇa Samājotkarṣa Sansthā|location=vasco da Gama|date=1986-04-20|edition=2|pages=38–56|chapter=Three:Varṇāñcā bandikhānā|language=Marāṭhī }}</ref> and sometimes as ''Takṣā'' in Ṛgveda<ref name="md" />. Tvaṣṭṛ is mentioned in the [[Mitanni]] treaty, which establishes him as a [[Proto-Indo-Iranian]] divinity.
Tvaṣṭṛ is also referred to as [[Rathakara|Rathakāra]] or ''the chariot maker''<ref name="pps">{{cite book|last=[[Pandurang Purushottam Shirodkar|Śiroḍkara]]|first=Paṇduraṅga Puruṣottama|title=Bhāratiya samājavighaṭaka jātivarṇa vyavasthā|publisher=Gomantaka Daivajña Brāhmaṇa Samājotkarṣa Sansthā|location=vasco da Gama|date=1986-04-20|edition=2|pages=38–56|chapter=Three:Varṇāñcā bandikhānā|language=Marāṭhī }}</ref> and sometimes as ''Takṣā'' in Ṛgveda<ref name="md" />. Tvaṣṭṛ is mentioned in the [[Mitanni]] treaty, which establishes him as a [[Proto-Indo-Iranian]] divinity.

Revision as of 17:51, 26 March 2010

For the volcanic region on Io, see Tvashtar Paterae.

In Vedic religion,Tvaṣṭṛ (Template:Lang-sa), also transliterated as Tvaṣṭr, nominative Tvaṣṭā, is the heavenly builder, the maker of divine implements, especially Indra's Vajra and the guardian of Soma. Tvaṣṭṛ is mentioned 65 times in the Ṛgveda[1] and is the former of the bodies of men and animals, and therefore called firstborn and invoked when desiring offspring, called garbha-pati or the lord of the womb[1].

Tvaṣṭṛ is also referred to as Rathakāra or the chariot maker[2] and sometimes as Takṣā in Ṛgveda[1]. Tvaṣṭṛ is mentioned in the Mitanni treaty, which establishes him as a Proto-Indo-Iranian divinity.

As per Ṛgveda Tvaṣṭr known as Rathakāra belongs to clan of the Bhṛgus. Similarly,as mentioned in the epic Mahābhārata, Tvaṣṭr or the Rathakāra is Śukrācārya's son, Śukrācārya is Bhṛgu's grandson and Vāruṇibhṛgu's son[3]. Tvaṣṭṛ is sometimes associated or identified with similar deities,such as Savitṛ, Prajāpatī, Viśvakarman and Puṣan[1]. He is the father of Saranyṇ, who twice bears twins to Vivasvat (RV 8.26.21)[4], Yama and Yami, also identified as the first humans. He is also the father of Viśvarūpa or Triśiras who was killed by Indra, in revenge Tvaṣṭṛ created Vrtra a fearsome dragon[1]. Surprisingly he is also inferred to as Indra's father[1].

Tvaṣṭṛ is a solar deity in the epic of Mahābhārata and the Harivaṃśa. He is mentioned as the son of Kāśyapa and Aditi, and is said to have made the three worlds with pieces of the Sun god Surya.

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (1995). "Abstract Gods". Vedic mythology. Vedas. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 116–118. ISBN 8120811135, 9788120811133. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  2. ^ Śiroḍkara, Paṇduraṅga Puruṣottama (1986-04-20). "Three:Varṇāñcā bandikhānā". Bhāratiya samājavighaṭaka jātivarṇa vyavasthā (in Marāṭhī) (2 ed.). vasco da Gama: Gomantaka Daivajña Brāhmaṇa Samājotkarṣa Sansthā. pp. 38–56.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. ^ "Anuśāsana parva". Mahābhārata (in Saṃskṛta).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ^ "(RV 8.26.21)". Retrieved 2009-08-18.

See also


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