Talk:Basketball: Difference between revisions
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when the great game of basktball is played things at times may get out of hand. A technical foul is when a fight breaks out on the court or if words are exchanged between players on the opposite teams. Fouls are usually caused by not moving your feet and by playing lazy defense. When you get a technical, they are usually intensional and either verbal or physical abuse is exchanged.[[User:Bmoseley13|Bmoseley13]] ([[User talk:Bmoseley13|talk]]) 18:07, 8 March 2010 (UTC) |
when the great game of basktball is played things at times may get out of hand. A technical foul is when a fight breaks out on the court or if words are exchanged between players on the opposite teams. Fouls are usually caused by not moving your feet and by playing lazy defense. When you get a technical, they are usually intensional and either verbal or physical abuse is exchanged.[[User:Bmoseley13|Bmoseley13]] ([[User talk:Bmoseley13|talk]]) 18:07, 8 March 2010 (UTC) |
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{{article issues|article=y|moreref=February 2009|howto=February 2009}} |
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{{Two other uses|the sport|the ball used in the sport|Basketball (ball)}} |
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{{Infobox sport |
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| image = Jordan_by_Lipofsky_16577.jpg |
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| imagesize = 225px |
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| caption = [[Michael Jordan]] goes for a [[slam dunk]] at the old [[Boston Garden]] |
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| union = [[International Basketball Federation|FIBA]] |
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| nickname = |
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| first = 1891, [[Springfield, Massachusetts]], USA |
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| registered = |
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| contact = Contact |
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| team = 13 to 15 (5 at a time) |
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| mgender = Single |
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| category = Indoor or Outdoor |
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| ball = [[Basketball (ball)|Basketball]] |
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| olympic = 1936 |
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}} |
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'''Basketball''' is a team [[sport]] in which two teams of 5 players try to score points against one another by placing a [[basketball (ball)|ball]] through a <span style="white-space:nowrap">10 foot (3.048 m)</span> high hoop (the ''goal'') under organized rules. A regulation NBA basketball court is 94' long by 50' wide. Basketball is one of the most popular and widely viewed sports in the [[world]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/dec/06/football-brand-globalisation-china-basketball|title= |
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They think it's all over|accessdate=2008-12-24|date=2008-12-06|work=The Guardian | location=London}}</ref> |
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Points are scored by throwing (shooting) the ball through the basket from above. The team with more points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the scores of both teams are the same. The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it (''[[dribbling]]'') or passing it between teammates. Disruptive physical contact (''[[Personal foul (basketball)|foul]]'') is penalized, and free throws will be issued if an offensive player is fouled while shooting the ball. (''[[Basketball#Violations|violations]]''). |
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Through time, basketball has developed to involve many common techniques of shooting, passing and dribbling, as well as players' positions, and offensive and defensive structures. Typically, the tallest members of a team will play ''center'' or one of two ''forward'' positions, while shorter players or those who possess the best ball handling skills and speed, play the ''guard'' positions. While competitive basketball is carefully regulated, numerous [[variations of basketball]] have developed for casual play. In some countries, basketball is also a popular spectator sport. |
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While competitive basketball is primarily an indoor sport, played on a [[basketball court]], less regulated variations played in the outdoors have become increasingly popular among both inner city and rural groups. |
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Basketball was first started by a Canadian named James Nasemith. It was founded in America and is not considered a major American sport. |
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==History== |
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[[File:Firstbasketball.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The first basketball court: [[Springfield College]].]] |
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{{main|History of basketball}} |
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===The first rules, court, and game=== |
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In early December 1891, Dr. [[James Naismith]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/inventions/inventions.html|title=The Greatest Canadian Invention}}</ref> a Canadian-born physical education [[professor]] and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian Association Training School<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20010419124201/www.hoophall.com/history/naismith_resume.htm|title=Hoop Hall History Page}}</ref> (YMCA) (today, [[Springfield College]]) in [[Springfield, Massachusetts]], USA, was trying to keep his gym class active on a rainy day sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the long [[New England]] winters. After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in [[gymnasiums]], he wrote the basic [[rules of basketball|rules]] and nailed a [[peach]] basket onto a 10-foot (3.05 m) elevated track. In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom, and balls had to be retrieved manually after each "basket" or point scored; this proved inefficient, however, so the bottom of the basket was removed<ref>FAQs.org, [http://www.faqs.org/sports-science/Mo-Pl/Naismith-James-A.html James A. Naismith]. Accessed 2010.02.24</ref>, allowing the balls to be poked out with a long [[dowel]] each time. The peach baskets were used until 1906 when they were finally replaced by metal hoops with backboards. A further change was soon made, so the ball merely passed through, paving the way for the game we know today. A [[soccer]] ball was used to shoot baskets. Whenever a person got the ball in the basket, his team would gain a point. Whichever team got the most points won the game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naismithmuseum.com/naismith_drjamesnaismith/main_drjamesnaismith.htm|accessdate=2007-02-14|date=2007-02-14|title=James Naismith Biography}}</ref> The baskets were originally nailed to the mezzanine balcony of the playing court, but this proved impractical when spectators on the balcony began to interfere with shots. The backboard was introduced to prevent this interference; it had the additional effect of allowing rebound shots.<ref>Thinkquest, [http://library.thinkquest.org/10480/b-ball.html Basketball]. Accessed 2009.01.20.</ref> |
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Naismith's handwritten diaries, discovered by his granddaughter in early 2006, indicate that he was nervous about the new game he had invented, which incorporated rules from a children's game called "[[Duck on a Rock]]", as many had failed before it. Naismith called the new game "Basket Ball".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=2660882|title=Newly found documents shed light on basketball's birth|accessdate=2007-01-11|date=2006-11-13|publisher=Associated Press|work=ESPN.com}}</ref> |
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The first official game was played in the YMCA gymnasium on January 20, 1892 with nine players. The game ended at 1-0; the shot was made from {{convert|25|ft|m}}, on a court just half the size of a present-day [[Streetball]] or [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA) court. By 1897–1898 teams of five became standard. |
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===Women's basketball=== |
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Women's basketball began in 1892 at [[Smith College]] when [[Senda Berenson]], a physical education teacher, modified Naismith's rules for women. Shortly after she was hired at Smith, she went to Naismith to learn more about the game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clio.fivecolleges.edu/smith/berenson/1biog/19411000/index.shtml?page=4|title=Pioneers in Physical Education|pages=661–662|accessdate=2009-06-03}}</ref> Fascinated by the new sport and the values it could teach, she organized the first women’s collegiate basketball game on March 21, 1893, when her Smith freshmen and sophomores played against one another.<ref name="Senda Berenson Papers">{{cite web|url=http://clio.fivecolleges.edu/smith/berenson/|title=Senda Berenson Papers|accessdate=2009-06-03}}</ref> Her rules were first published in 1899 and two years later Berenson became the editor of [[Spalding (sports equipment)|A.G. Spalding]]’s first Women's Basketball Guide<ref name="Senda Berenson Papers" />, |
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===Surge in popularity=== |
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Basketball's early adherents were dispatched to YMCAs throughout the [[United States]], and it quickly spread through the USA and [[Canada]]. By 1895, it was well established at several women's high schools. While the YMCA was responsible for initially developing and spreading the game, within a decade it discouraged the new sport, as rough play and rowdy crowds began to detract from the YMCA's primary mission. However, other amateur sports clubs, colleges, and professional clubs quickly filled the void. In the years before [[World War I]], the [[Amateur Athletic Union]] and the [[Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States]] (forerunner of the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]) vied for control over the rules for the game. The first pro league, the National Basketball League, was formed in 1898 to protect players from exploitation and to promote a less rough game. This league only lasted five years. |
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===Basketball Hall of Fame founded=== |
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By the 1950s, basketball had become a major college sport, thus paving the way for a growth of interest in professional basketball. In 1959, a [[Basketball Hall of Fame|basketball hall of fame]] was founded in [[Springfield, Massachusetts]], site of the first game. Its rosters include the names of great players, coaches, referees and people who have contributed significantly to the development of the game. The hall of fame has people who have accomplished many goals in their career in basketball. |
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===Development of equipment and technique=== |
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Basketball was originally played with a [[association football|soccer ball]]. The first balls made specifically for basketball were brown, and it was only in the late 1950s that [[Paul D. "Tony" Hinkle|Tony Hinkle]], searching for a ball that would be more visible to players and spectators alike, introduced the orange ball that is now in common use. Dribbling was not part of the original game except for the "bounce pass" to teammates. Passing the ball was the primary means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the asymmetric shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a major part of the game around the 1950s, as manufacturing improved the ball shape. |
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===Historical antecedents=== |
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Basketball, [[netball]], [[dodgeball]], [[volleyball]], and [[lacrosse]] are the only ball games which have been identified as being invented by North Americans. Other ball games, such as [[baseball]] and [[Canadian football]], have [[Commonwealth of Nations]], [[Europe]]an, [[Asia]]n or [[African]] connections. Although there is no direct evidence as yet that the idea of basketball came from the ancient [[Mesoamerican ballgame]], knowledge of that game had been available for at least 50 years prior to Naismith's creation, in the writings of [[John Lloyd Stephens]] and [[Alexander von Humboldt]]. Stephens' works especially, which included drawings by [[Frederick Catherwood]], were available at most educational institutions in the 19th century and also had wide popular circulations. |
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===Early college basketball development=== |
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Dr. James Naismith was instrumental in establishing [[college basketball]]. He coached at the [[University of Kansas]] for six years, before handing the reins to renowned coach [[Forrest "Phog" Allen]]. Naismith's disciple [[Amos Alonzo Stagg]] brought basketball to the [[University of Chicago]], while [[Adolph Rupp]], a student of Naismith's at Kansas, enjoyed great success as coach at the [[University of Kentucky]]. |
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On February 9, 1895, the first intercollegiate 5-on-5 game was played at [[Hamline University]] between Hamline and the School of Agriculture, which was affiliated with [[University of Minnesota]].<ref>[http://www.hamline.edu/hamline_info/athletics/facilities/hutton_arena.html Hamline University Athletics: Hutton Arena]</ref><ref>[http://www.hamline.edu/cla/admission/campuslife/athletics/athletics.html Hamline University Athletics: Admission Athletics Intro Page]</ref> The School of Agriculture won in a 9-3 game. |
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In 1901, colleges, including the [[University of Chicago]], [[Columbia University]], [[Dartmouth College]], the [[University of Minnesota]], the [[U.S. Naval Academy]], the [[University of Utah]] and [[Yale University]] began sponsoring men's games. In 1905, frequent injuries on the [[College football|football]] field prompted [[President of the United States|President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt]] to suggest that colleges form a governing body, resulting in the creation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS). In 1910, that body would change its name to the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] ([[NCAA]]). |
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===Early women's basketball development=== |
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In 1891, the [[University of California, Berkeley|University of California]] and Miss Head's School played the first women's interinstitutional game. Berenson's freshmen played the sophomore class in the first women's intercollegiate basketball game at [[Smith College]], March 21, 1893.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smith.edu/newssmith/fall2003/100.php|title=You Come in as a Squirrel and Leave as an Owl|accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref> The same year, [[Mount Holyoke]] and [[Sophie Newcomb College]] (coached by [[Clara Gregory Baer]]) women began playing basketball. By 1895, the game had spread to colleges across the country, including [[Wellesley College|Wellesley]], [[Vassar College|Vassar]], and [[Bryn Mawr College|Bryn Mawr]]. The first intercollegiate women's game was on April 4, 1896. [[Stanford Cardinal|Stanford]] women played [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]], 9-on-9, ending in a 2-1 Stanford victory. |
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Women's basketball development was more structured than that for men in the early years. In 1905, the Executive Committee on Basket Ball Rules (National Women's Basketball Committee) was created by the [[American Physical Education Association]].<ref name="Historical Timeline">{{cite web|url=http://www.wbhof.com/timeline.html|title=Historical Timeline|accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref> These rules called for six to nine players per team and 11 officials. The [[International Women's Sports Federation]] (1924) included a women's basketball competition. 37 women's high school varsity basketball or state tournaments were held by 1925. And in 1926, the Amateur Athletic Union backed the first [[NAIA national women's basketball championship|national women's basketball championship]], complete with men's rules.<ref name="Historical Timeline" /> |
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The [[Edmonton Grads]], a touring [[Canadian]] women's team based in [[Edmonton, Alberta]], operated between 1915 and 1940. The Grads toured all over [[North America]], and were exceptionally successful. They posted a record of 522 wins and only 20 losses over that span, as they met any team which wanted to challenge them, funding their tours from gate receipts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.histori.ca/minutes/lp.do?id=13113|title=The Great Teams|accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref> The Grads also shone on several exhibition trips to [[Europe]], and won four consecutive exhibition [[Olympics]] tournaments, in 1924, 1928, 1932, and 1936; however, women's basketball was not an official Olympic sport until 1976. The Grads' players were unpaid, and had to remain single. The Grads' style focused on team play, without overly emphasizing skills of individual players. |
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The first women's [[Amateur Athletic Union|AAU]] All-America team was chosen in 1929.<ref name="Historical Timeline" /> Women's industrial leagues sprang up throughout the United States, producing famous athletes, including [[Babe Zaharias|Babe Didrikson]] of the [[Golden Cyclones]], and the [[All American Red Heads Team]], which competed against men's teams, using men's rules. By 1938, the women's national championship changed from a three-court game to [[6 on 6 Basketball|two-court game with six players per team]].<ref name="Historical Timeline" /> |
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===First Canadian interuniversity game=== |
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The first Canadian interuniversity basketball game was played at the [[YMCA]] in [[Kingston, Ontario]] on February 6, 1904, when [[McGill University]] visited [[Queen's University]]. McGill won 9-7 in overtime; the score was 7-7 at the end of regulation play, and a ten-minute overtime period settled the outcome. A good turnout of spectators watched the game.<ref>''[[Queen's Journal]]'', vol. 31, no. 7, February 16, 1904; ''105 years of Canadian university basketball'', by Earl Zukerman, http://www.cisport.ca/e/m_basketball/story_detail.cfm?id=13618</ref> |
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[[File:Liberator-ad.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Ad from ''[[The Liberator (magazine)|The Liberator]]'' magazine promoting an exhibition in Harlem, March 1922. Drawing by [[Hugo Gellert]].]] |
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===Early American professional and barnstorming teams=== |
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Teams abounded throughout the 1920s. There were hundreds of men's [[professional basketball]] teams in towns and cities all over the United States, and little organization of the professional game. Players jumped from team to team and teams played in armories and smoky dance halls. Leagues came and went. [[Barnstorm (sports)|Barnstorming]] squads such as the [[Original Celtics]] and two all-[[African American]] teams, the [[New York Renaissance|New York Renaissance Five]] ("Rens") and (still in existence as of 2010) the [[Harlem Globetrotters]] played up to two hundred games a year on their national tours. |
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===American national college championships=== |
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The first men's national championship tournament, the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball tournament, which still exists as the [[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics]] (NAIA) [[NAIA national men's basketball championship|tournament]], was organized in 1937. The first national championship for NCAA teams, the [[National Invitation Tournament]] (NIT) in New York, was organized in 1938; the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA national tournament]] would begin one year later. |
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College basketball was rocked by gambling scandals from 1948 to 1951, when dozens of players from top teams were implicated in [[match fixing]] and [[point shaving]]. Partially spurred by an association with cheating, the NIT lost support to the NCAA tournament. |
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===U.S. high school basketball=== |
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Before widespread school district consolidation, most United States [[high school]]s were far smaller than their present day counterparts. During the first decades of the 20th century, basketball quickly became the ideal interscholastic sport due to its modest equipment and personnel requirements. In the days before widespread [[television]] coverage of professional and college sports, the popularity of high school basketball was unrivaled in many parts of America. Perhaps the most legendary of high school teams was Indiana's [[Franklin Wonder Five]], which took the nation by storm during the 1920s, dominating Indiana basketball and earning national recognition. |
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Today virtually every high school in the United States fields a basketball team in [[Varsity team|varsity]] competition. Basketball's popularity remains high, both in rural areas where they carry the identification of the entire community, as well as at some larger schools known for their basketball teams where many players go on to participate at higher levels of competition after graduation. In the 2003–04 season, 1,002,797 boys and girls represented their schools in interscholastic basketball competition, according to the [[National Federation of State High School Associations]]. The states of [[Illinois]], [[Indiana]] and [[Kentucky]] are particularly well known for their residents' devotion to high school basketball, commonly called [[Hoosier Hysteria]] in Indiana; the critically acclaimed film ''[[Hoosiers]]'' shows high school basketball's depth of meaning to these communities. |
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====National championships==== |
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There is currently no national tournament to determine a national high school champion. |
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The most serious effort was the [[National Interscholastic Basketball Tournament]] at the [[University of Chicago]] from 1917 to 1930. The event organized by [[Amos Alonzo Stagg]] and sent invitations to state champion teams. The tournament started out as a mostly Midwest affair but grew. In 1929 it had 29 state champions. Faced with opposition from the [[National Federation of State High School Associations]] and [[North Central Association of Colleges and Schools]] that bore a threat of the schools losing their accreditation the last tournament was in 1930. The organizations said they were concerned that the tournament was being used to recruit professional players from the prep ranks.<ref>[http://hoopedia.nba.com/index.php?title=National_Interscholastic_Basketball_Tournament National Interscholastic Basketball Tournament - hoopedeia.nba.com - Retrieved September 13, 2009]</ref> |
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The tournament did not invite minority schools or private/parochial schools. |
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The National Catholic Interscholastic Basketball Tournament ran from 1924 to 1941 at [[Loyola University Chicago|Loyola University]].<ref>[http://hoopedia.nba.com/index.php?title=National_Catholic_Interscholastic_Basketball_Tournament National Catholic Interscholastic Basketball Tournament, 1924–1941 - hoopedia.nba.com - Retrieved September 13, 2009]</ref> The National Catholic Invitational Basketball Tournament from 1954 to 1978 playing at a series of venues at [[The Catholic University of America|Catholic University]], [[Georgetown University|Georgetown]] and [[George Mason University|George Mason]].<ref>[http://hoopedia.nba.com/index.php?title=National_Catholic_Invitational_Basketball_Tournament National Catholic Invitations Basketball Tournament - hoopedia.nba.com - Retrieved September 13, 2009]</ref> |
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The National Interscholastic Basketball Tournament for Black High Schools was held from 1929 to 1942 at [[Hampton University|Hampton Institute]].<ref>[http://hoopedia.nba.com/index.php?title=National_Interscholastic_Basketball_Tournament_for_Black_Schools hoopedia.nba.com - National Interscholastic Basketball Tournament for Black High Schools, 1929–1942 - Retrieved September 13, 2009]</ref> The National Invitational Interscholastic Basketball Tournament was held from 1941 to 1967 starting out at [[Tuskegee University|Tuskegee Institute]]. Following a pause during [[World War II]] it resumed at [[Tennessee State University|Tennessee State College]] in Nashville. The basis for the champion dwindled after 1954 when ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'' began an integration of schools. The last tournaments were held at [[Alabama State University|Alabama State College]] from 1964 to 1967.<ref>[http://hoopedia.nba.com/index.php?title=National_Invitational_Interscholastic_Basketball_Tournament National Invitational Interscholastic Basketball Tournament - hoopedia.nba.com - Retrieved September 13, 2009]</ref> |
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===National Basketball Association=== |
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{{main|National Basketball Association}} |
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In 1946, the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was formed. The first game was played in [[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada between the [[Toronto Huskies]] and [[New York Knicks|New York Knickerbockers]] on November 1, 1946. Three seasons later, in 1949, the BAA merged with the [[National Basketball League (United States)|National Basketball League]] to form the [[National Basketball Association]] ([[NBA]]). An upstart organization, the [[American Basketball Association]], emerged in 1967 and briefly threatened the NBA's dominance until the [[ABA-NBA merger]] in 1976. Today the NBA is the top professional basketball league in the world in terms of popularity, salaries, talent, and level of competition. |
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The NBA has featured many famous players, including [[George Mikan]], the first dominating "big man"; ball-handling wizard [[Bob Cousy]] and defensive genius [[Bill Russell]] of the [[Boston Celtics]]; [[Wilt Chamberlain]], who originally played for the barnstorming [[Harlem Globetrotters]]; all-around stars [[Oscar Robertson]] and [[Jerry West]]; more recent big men [[Kareem Abdul-Jabbar]], [[Shaquille O'Neal]] and [[Karl Malone]]; playmaker [[John Stockton]]; crowd-pleasing forward [[Julius Erving]]; European stars [[Dirk Nowitzki]] and [[Dražen Petrović]] and the three players who many credit with ushering the professional game to its highest level of popularity: [[Larry Bird]], [[Magic Johnson|Earvin "Magic" Johnson]], and [[Michael Jordan]]. |
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In 2001, the NBA formed a developmental league, the [[NBA Development League|NBDL]]. As of 2008, the league has sixteen teams. |
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===Women's National Basketball Association=== |
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{{main|Women's National Basketball Association}} |
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The NBA-backed Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) began in 1997. Though it had shaky attendance figures, several marquee players ([[Lisa Leslie]], [[Diana Taurasi]], and [[Candace Parker]] among others) have helped the league's popularity and level of competition. Other [[women's professional sports|professional women's basketball]] leagues in the United States, such as the [[American Basketball League (1996-1998)]], have folded in part because of the popularity of the [[WNBA]]. |
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The WNBA has been looked at by many as a niche league. However, the league has recently taken steps forward. |
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In June 2007, the WNBA signed a contract extension with [[ESPN]]. The new television deal runs from 2009 to 2016. Along with this deal, came the first ever rights fees to be paid to a women's professional sports league. Over the eight years of the contract, "millions and millions of dollars" will be "dispersed to the league's teams." |
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The WNBA gets more viewers on national television broadcasts (413,000) than both [[Major League Soccer]] (253,000)<ref>''Street & Smith's SportsBusiness Journal'', [http://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/article/60481 MLS attendance, TV viewership numbers slip]</ref> and the [[NHL]] (310,732).<ref>''Street & Smith's SportsBusiness Journal'', [http://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/article/61172 NHL’s attendance, TV ratings both showing increases]</ref> |
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In a March 12, 2009 article, [[NBA]] commissioner [[David Stern]] said that in the bad economy, "the NBA is far less profitable than the WNBA. We're losing a lot of money amongst a large number of teams. We're budgeting the WNBA to break even this year."<ref>''[[Television New Zealand]]'', [http://tvnz.co.nz/basketball-news/nba-getting-through-tough-times-2539976 BASKETBALL | NBA getting through tough times]</ref> |
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===Philippine Basketball Association=== |
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{{main|Philippine Basketball Association}} |
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The Philippine Basketball Association is the second oldest professional league in the world. The first game was played on April 9, 1975 at the [[Araneta Coliseum]] in [[Cubao]], [[Quezon City]]. [[Philippines]]. It was founded as a "rebellion" of several teams from the now-defunct Manila Industrial and Commercial Athletic Association which was tightly controlled by the Basketball Association of the Philippines (now defunct), the then-FIBA recognized national association. Nine teams from the MICAA participated in the league's first season that opened in April 9, 1975. |
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===International basketball=== |
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[[File:Munich 1972.jpg|thumb|210px|right|XX. Olympic games Munich 1972 [[Krešimir Ćosić]] of Yugoslavia (blue shirt) vs. [[Petr Novicky]] of Czechoslovakia]] |
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The [[International Basketball Federation]] was formed in 1932 by eight founding nations: [[Argentina]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[Greece]], [[Italy]], [[Latvia]], [[Portugal]], [[Romania]] and [[Switzerland]]. At this time, the organization only oversaw amateur players. Its acronym, derived from the French ''Fédération Internationale de Basketball Amateur'', was thus "[[International Basketball Federation|FIBA]]." |
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Men's Basketball was first [[Basketball at the Summer Olympics|included]] in the [[Berlin]] [[Olympic Games]] in 1936, although a demonstration tournament was held in 1904. The United States defeated Canada in the first final, played outdoors. This competition has usually been dominated by the United States, whose team has won all but three titles, the first loss in a controversial final game in [[Munich]] in [[Basketball at the 1972 Summer Olympics|1972]] against the Soviet Union. In 1950 the first [[FIBA World Championship]] for men was held in [[Argentina]]. Three years later, the first [[FIBA World Championship for Women]] was held in [[Chile]]. Women's basketball was added to the Olympics in 1976, which were held in [[Montreal]], Canada with teams such as the [[Soviet Union]], [[Brazil women's national basketball team|Brazil]] and [[Australia women's national basketball team|Australia]] rivaling the [[United States women's national basketball team|American]] squads. |
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===Pros in the Olympics=== |
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FIBA dropped the distinction between amateur and professional players in 1989, and in 1992, professional players played for the first time in the Olympic Games. The United States' dominance continued with the introduction of their [[United States men's national basketball team|Dream Team]]. However, with developing programs elsewhere, other national teams started to beat the United States. A team made entirely of NBA players finished sixth in the 2002 World Championships in [[Indianapolis, Indiana|Indianapolis]], behind [[Yugoslavia national basketball team|Yugoslavia]], [[Argentina national basketball team|Argentina]], [[Germany national basketball team|Germany]], [[New Zealand national basketball team|New Zealand]] and [[Spain national basketball team|Spain]]. In the [[2004 Summer Olympics|2004 Athens Olympics]], the United States suffered its first Olympic loss while using professional players, falling to [[Puerto Rico national basketball team|Puerto Rico]] (in a 19-point loss) and [[Lithuania national basketball team|Lithuania]] in group games, and being eliminated in the semifinals by [[Argentina national basketball team|Argentina]]. It eventually won the bronze medal defeating Lithuania, finishing behind Argentina and [[Italy national basketball team|Italy]]. In 2006, in the World Championship of Japan, the United States advanced to the semifinals but were defeated by [[Greece national basketball team|Greece]] by 101-95. In the bronze medal game it beat team [[Argentina national basketball team|Argentina]] and finished 3rd behind Greece and Spain. |
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===International stars in the NBA=== |
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Worldwide, basketball tournaments are held for boys and girls of all age levels. The global popularity of the sport is reflected in the nationalities represented in the NBA. Players from all over the globe can be found in NBA teams: |
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*[[Chicago Bulls]] star forward [[Luol Deng]] is a [[Sudan]]ese refugee who settled in Great Britain, and plays for the [[Great Britain national basketball team|British national team]] alongside [[Toronto Raptors]] centre [[Pops Mensah-Bonsu]]. |
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*[[Steve Nash]], who won the 2005 and 2006 [[NBA Most Valuable Player Award|NBA MVP award]], is a South Africa–born Canadian. |
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*[[Andrea Bargnani]] of the [[Toronto Raptors]], top pick in the [[2006 NBA Draft]], is from Italy. In addition, American superstar [[Kobe Bryant]] spent much of his childhood in Italy while [[Joe Bryant|his father]] was playing there. |
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* [[Dallas Mavericks]] superstar and 2007 NBA MVP [[Dirk Nowitzki]] is German. |
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* All-Star [[Pau Gasol]] of the [[Los Angeles Lakers]] is from Spain. |
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* [[2005 NBA Draft]] top overall pick [[Andrew Bogut]] of the [[Milwaukee Bucks]] is Australian. Also, 2008–09 rookie [[Nathan Jawai]] is the first [[Indigenous Australians|Indigenous Australian]] ever to play in the league, and the following season saw another Indigenous Australian, [[Patrick Mills]], enter the league. |
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* [[Houston Rockets]] All-star center [[Yao Ming]] is from China. |
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* All star and former three point champion [[Peja Stojakovic]] is [[Serbia]]n. |
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* All star [[Andrei Kirilenko (basketball)|Andrei Kirilenko]] is Russian. |
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* [[Phoenix Suns]] guard [[Leandro Barbosa]], [[Cleveland Cavaliers]] forward [[Anderson Varejao]] and [[Denver Nuggets]] center [[Nenê]] are [[Brazil]]ian. |
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* [[Cleveland Cavaliers]] big man [[Žydrūnas Ilgauskas]] is [[Lithuania]]n. |
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* Perhaps no NBA team is as identified by international players as the [[San Antonio Spurs]]. The team's three most prominent players are all international—Tim Duncan of the [[United States Virgin Islands|U.S. Virgin Islands]], [[Manu Ginóbili|Manu Ginobili]] of [[Argentina]] and [[Tony Parker]] of France (Duncan competes for the United States internationally, as the Virgin Islands did not field a basketball team for international competition until well after Duncan started playing internationally, and all U.S. Virgin Islands natives are United States citizens by birth). |
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* Ginobili's countryman [[Andrés Nocioni]] plays for the [[Sacramento Kings]]. |
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Even in the '90s, many non-American players made their names in the NBA, such as Croats [[Dražen Petrović]] and [[Toni Kukoč]], Serb [[Vlade Divac]], Lithuanians [[Arvydas Sabonis]] and [[Šarūnas Marčiulionis]] and German [[Detlef Schrempf]]. |
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===Globalization of basketball=== |
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The all-tournament teams at the two most recent [[FIBA World Championship]]s, held in [[2002 FIBA World Championship|2002]] in [[Indianapolis, Indiana|Indianapolis]] and [[2006 FIBA World Championship|2006]] in Japan, demonstrate the globalization of the game equally dramatically. Only one member of either team was American, namely [[Carmelo Anthony]] in 2006. The 2002 team featured Nowitzki, Ginobili, Yao, [[Predrag Stojaković|Peja Stojakovic]] of Yugoslavia (now of [[Serbia national basketball team|Serbia]]), and [[Pero Cameron]] of New Zealand. Ginobili also made the 2006 team; the other members were Anthony, Gasol, his [[Spain national basketball team|Spanish]] teammate [[Jorge Garbajosa]] and [[Theodoros Papaloukas]] of [[Greece national basketball team|Greece]]. The only players on either team to never have joined the NBA are Cameron and Papaloukas. The strength of international Basketball is evident in the fact that the last three FIBA world championships were won (in order) by Serbia (Yugoslavia in 1998) and Spain. |
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==Rules and regulations== |
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{{main|Rules of basketball}} |
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<!-- Please do be careful not to include too much detail when editing this section; see talk page for more info. --> |
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Measurements and time limits discussed in this section often vary among tournaments and organizations; international and NBA rules are used in this section. |
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The object of the game is to outscore one's opponents by throwing the ball through the opponents' basket from above while preventing the opponents from doing so on their own. An attempt to score in this way is called a [[shot]]. A successful shot is worth two points, or [[three-point field goal|three points]] if it is taken from beyond the three-point arc which is {{convert|6.25|m|ftin|abbr=off}} from the basket in international games and {{convert|23|ft|9|in|m}} in NBA games. A 1 point basket is able to be earned when shooting from the foul line when a foul is made. |
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===Playing regulations=== |
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<!-- Please be careful not to include too much detail when editing this section; see talk page for more info. --> |
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Games are played in four quarters of 10 (international) or 12 minutes (NBA). College games use two 20-minute halves, while high school games use 8 minute quarters. Fifteen minutes are allowed for a half-time break, and two minutes are allowed at the other breaks. [[Overtime (sports)#Basketball|Overtime]] periods are five minutes long. Teams exchange baskets for the second half. The time allowed is actual playing time; the clock is stopped while the play is not active. Therefore, games generally take much longer to complete than the allotted game time, typically about two hours. |
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Five players from each team (out of a twelve player roster) may be on the court at one time. [[Substitution]]s are unlimited but can only be done when play is stopped. Teams also have a [[coach (sport)|coach]], who oversees the development and strategies of the team, and other team personnel such as assistant coaches, managers, statisticians, doctors and trainers. |
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For both men's and women's teams, a standard uniform consists of a pair of shorts and a [[jersey (clothing)|jersey]] with a clearly visible number, unique within the team, printed on both the front and back. Players wear [[high-top]] sneakers that provide extra ankle support. Typically, team names, players' names and, outside of North America, sponsors are printed on the uniforms. |
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A limited number of time-outs, clock stoppages requested by a coach (or sometimes mandated in the NBA) for a short meeting with the players, are allowed. They generally last no longer than one minute (140 seconds in the NBA) unless, for televised games, a commercial break is needed. |
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The game is controlled by the officials consisting of the referee (referred to as crew chief in the NBA), one or two umpires (referred to as referees in the NBA) and the table officials. For college, the NBA, and many high schools, there are a total of three referees on the court. The table officials are responsible for keeping track of each teams scoring, timekeeping, individual and team [[Personal foul (basketball)|fouls]], player substitutions, team [[possession arrow]], and the [[shot clock]]. |
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===Equipment=== |
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{{main|Basketball (ball)|Basketball court|Backboard (basketball)}} |
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<!-- Please be careful not to include too much detail when editing this section; see talk page for more info. --> |
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[[File:Basketball.png|thumb|100px|left|Traditional eight-panel [[basketball (ball)|basketball]]]] |
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The only essential equipment in a basketball game is the basketball and the court: a flat, rectangular surface with baskets at opposite ends (or in the case of 3-on-3 street basketball, half a court with one basket). Competitive levels require the use of more equipment such as clocks, scoresheets, scoreboard(s), alternating possession arrows, and whistle-operated stop-clock systems. |
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[[File:Basketball Goal.jpg|right|200px|thumb|An outdoor basketball net.]] |
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A regulation [[basketball court]] in international games is 28 by 15 meters (approx. 92 by 49 ft) and in the NBA is 94 by 50 feet (29 by 15 m). Most courts are made of wood, usually maple.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.connorfloor.com/green.php|title=Connor Sports Flooring|accessdate=2009-06-03}}</ref> A steel basket with a diameter of 18 inches has an attached net and backboard that measures 6 by 4 feet, hang over each end of the court. The white outlined box on the backboard is 18 inches high and 2 feet wide. At almost all levels of competition, the top of the rim is exactly {{convert|10|ft|m|abbr=off|lk=off|sigfig=3}} above the court and {{convert|4|ft|m|abbr=off|lk=off|sigfig=2}} inside the baseline. While variation is possible in the dimensions of the court and backboard, it is considered important for the basket to be of the correct height; a rim that is off by but a few inches can have an adverse effect on shooting. |
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There are also regulations on the size a basketball should be. If women are playing, the official basketball size is 28.5" in circumference (size 6, or a "285 ball") and a weight of 20 oz. For men, the official ball is 29.5" in circumference (size 7, or a "295 ball") and weighs 22 oz. |
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===Violations=== |
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<!-- Please be careful not to include too much detail when editing this section; see talk page for more info. --> |
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The ball may be advanced toward the basket by being shot, passed between players, thrown, tapped, rolled or dribbled (bouncing the ball while running). |
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The ball must stay within the court; the last team to touch the ball before it travels out of bounds forfeits possession. The ball is out of bounds if touches or crosses over a boundary line, or touches a player who is out of bounds. This is in contrast to other sports such as [[soccer]], [[volleyball]], and [[tennis]] (but not [[Rugby football|rugby]] or [[American football]]) where the ball (or player) is still considered in if any part of it is touching a boundary line. |
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The ball-handler may not move both feet without dribbling, an infraction known as [[traveling (basketball)|traveling]], nor may he dribble with both hands or catch the ball in between dribbles, a violation called [[double dribble|double dribbling]]. A player's hand cannot be under the ball while dribbling; doing so is known as [[Carrying (basketball)|carrying the ball]]. A team, once having established ball control in the front half of the court, may not return the ball to the backcourt and be the first to touch it. The ball may not be kicked, nor be struck with the fist. A violation of these rules results in loss of possession, or, if committed by the defense, a reset of the [[shot clock]] (with some exceptions in the NBA). |
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There are limits imposed on the time taken before progressing the ball past halfway (8 seconds in international and NBA; 10 seconds in NCAA and high school), before attempting a shot (24 seconds in the NBA, 30 seconds in NCAA women's and [[Canadian Interuniversity Sport]] play for both sexes, and 35 seconds in NCAA men's play), holding the ball while closely guarded (5 seconds), and remaining in the restricted area below the foul line (the lane, or "[[key (basketball)|key]]") (3 seconds). These rules are designed to promote more offense. |
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No player may touch the ball on its downward flight to the basket, unless the ball has no chance of entering the basket (goaltending). In addition, no player may touch the ball while it is on or in the basket; when any part of the ball is in the cylinder above the basket (the area extended upwards from the basket); or when the ball is outside the cylinder, if the player reaches through the basket and touches it. This violation is known as "basket interference". If a defensive player goaltends or commits basket interference, the basket is awarded and the offending team gets the ball. If a teammate of the shooter goaltends or commits interference, the basket is cancelled and play continues with the defensive team being given possession. |
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===Fouls=== |
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<!-- Please be careful not to include too much detail when editing this section; see talk page for more info. --> |
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[[File:Basketball foul.jpg|thumb|left|The referee signals that a foul has been committed.]] |
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{{main|Personal foul (basketball)|Technical foul}} |
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An attempt to unfairly disadvantage an opponent through physical contact is illegal and is called a foul. These are most commonly committed by defensive players; however, they can be committed by offensive players as well. Players who are fouled either receive the ball to pass inbounds again, or receive one or more [[free throw]]s if they are fouled in the act of shooting, depending on whether the shot was successful. One point is awarded for making a free throw, which is attempted from a line {{convert|15|ft|m|abbr=off|lk=off}} from the basket. |
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The referee may use discretion in calling fouls (for example, by considering whether an unfair advantage was gained), sometimes making fouls controversial calls or no-calls. The calling of fouls can vary between games, leagues and even between referees. |
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A player or coach who shows poor sportsmanship, such as by arguing with a referee or by fighting with another player, can be charged with a more serious foul called a [[technical foul]]. The penalty involves free throws (where, unlike a personal foul, the other team can choose any player to shoot) and varies between leagues. Repeated incidents can result in [[ejection (sports)|disqualification]]. Blatant fouls with excessive contact or that are not an attempt to play the ball are called intentional fouls (or flagrant fouls in the NBA). In FIBA, a foul resulting in ejection is called a disqualifying foul, while in leagues other than the NBA, such a foul is referred to as flagrant. |
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If a team exceeds a certain limit of team fouls in a given period (quarter or half) – four for NBA and international games – the opposing team is awarded one or two free throws on all subsequent non-shooting fouls for that period, the number depending on the league. In the US college and high school games, if a team reaches 7 fouls in a half, the opposing team is awarded one free throw, along with a second shot if the first is made. This is called shooting "one-and-one". If a team exceeds 10 fouls in the half, the opposing team is awarded two free throws on all subsequent fouls for the half. |
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When a team shoots foul shots, the opponents may not interfere with the shooter, nor may they try to regain possession until the last or potentially last free throw is in the air. |
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After a team has committed a specified number of fouls, it is said to be "in the penalty". On scoreboards, this is usually signified with an indicator light reading "Bonus" or "Penalty" with an illuminated directional arrow indicating that team is to receive free throws when fouled by the opposing team. (Some scoreboards also indicate the number of fouls committed.) |
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If a team misses the first shot of a two-shot situation, the opposing team must wait for the completion of the second shot before attempting to reclaim possession of the ball and continuing play. |
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If a player is fouled while attempting a shot and the shot is unsuccessful, the player is awarded a number of free throws equal to the value of the attempted shot. A player fouled while attempting a regular two-point shot, then, receives two shots. A player fouled while attempting a three-point shot, on the other hand, receives three shots. |
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If a player is fouled while attempting a shot and the shot is successful, typically the player |
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will be awarded one additional free throw for one point. In combination with a regular |
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shot, this is called a "three-point play" or "four-point play" (or more colloquially, an "and one") because of the basket made at the time of the foul (2 or 3 points) and the additional free throw (1 point). |
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==Common techniques and practices== |
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===Positions and structures=== |
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[[File:Basketball positions.svg|thumb|250px|Basketball positions in the offensive zone]] |
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Although the rules do not specify any [[basketball position|positions]] whatsoever, they have evolved as part of basketball. During the first five decades of basketball's evolution, one guard, two forwards, and two centers or two guards, two forwards, and one center were used. Since the 1980s, more specific positions have evolved, namely: |
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# [[point guard]]: usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the team's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time |
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# [[shooting guard]]: creates a high volume of shots on offense; guards the opponent's best perimeter player on defense |
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# [[small forward]]: often primarily responsible for scoring points via cuts to the basket and dribble penetration; on defense seeks rebounds and steals, but sometimes plays more actively |
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# [[Power forward (basketball)|power forward]]: plays offensively often with their back to the basket; on defense, plays under the basket (in a zone defense) or against the opposing power forward (in man-to-man defense) |
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# [[Center (basketball)|center]]: uses height and size to score (on offense), to protect the basket closely (on defense), or to rebound. |
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The above descriptions are flexible. On some occasions, teams will choose to use a ''three guard offense'', replacing one of the forwards or the center with a third guard. The most commonly interchanged positions are point guard and shooting guard, especially if both players have good leadership and ball handling skills. |
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The strategies also evolve with the game. In the 1990s and early 2000s, teams played with more "isolation". Teams that had one superstar would let one player, usually the point guard or shooting guard, run most of the offense while the other four offensive players get out of his/her way. Nowadays, teams tend to play with more teamwork. The "Center" position has evolved to become more of a taller "Small Forward" position. Since teams play more teamwork, ball movement has evolved with the game, and more jump shots have been taken as a result. |
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There are two main defensive strategies: ''zone defense'' and ''man-to-man defense''. [[Zone defense]] involves players in defensive positions guarding whichever opponent is in their zone. In [[man-to-man defense]], each defensive player guards a specific opponent and tries to prevent them from taking action. |
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Defense has also evolved with offense. "Zone defense" has changed with many variations. There are defensive schemes called "2-3 zone", "3-2 zone", "box-and-1", "2-1-2 zone" and many more. All of these variations were created to defend different varieties that offense has. "Man-to-man defense" has been the most preferred of all the options because many basketball games are not as organized as the entertainment part of basketball. |
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Offensive plays are more varied, normally involving planned passes and movement by players without the ball. A quick movement by an offensive player without the ball to gain an advantageous position is a ''cut''. A legal attempt by an offensive player to stop an opponent from guarding a teammate, by standing in the defender's way such that the teammate cuts next to him, is a ''screen'' or ''pick''. The two plays are combined in the ''[[pick and roll]]'', in which a player sets a pick and then "rolls" away from the pick towards the basket. Screens and cuts are very important in offensive plays; these allow the quick passes and teamwork which can lead to a successful basket. Teams almost always have several offensive plays planned to ensure their movement is not predictable. On court, the point guard is usually responsible for indicating which play will occur. |
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Defensive and offensive structures, and positions, are more emphasized in higher levels in basketball; it is these that a coach normally requests a time-out to discuss. |
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===Shooting=== |
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[[File:Basketball shot.jpg|thumb|200px|Player releases a short jump shot, while her defender is either knocked down, or trying to "take a charge."]] |
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Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket. While methods can vary with players and situations, the most common technique is outlined as follows: |
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The player faces the basket with feet about shoulder-width apart, knees slightly bent, and back straight. The player allows the ball to rest on the fingertips of the dominant hand (the shooting arm) slightly above the head, with the other hand supporting the side of the ball. To aim the ball, the player's elbow should be aligned vertically, with the forearm facing in the direction of the basket. The ball is shot by extending the bended knees and straightening the shooting arm; the ball rolls off the finger tips while the wrist completes a full downward flex motion. The shooting arm, fully extended with the wrist fully bent, and the fingers pointing downward, is held stationary for a moment following the release of the ball, this is known as a follow-through, which when properly done, enhances the accuracy of the shot. Generally, the non-shooting arm is used only to guide the shot, not to power it. |
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Players often try to put a steady backspin on the ball to deaden its impact with the rim. The ideal trajectory of the shot is somewhat arguable, but generally coaches recommend a proper arch. Players may shoot directly into the basket or may use the backboard to redirect the ball into the basket. |
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The two most common shots that use the above described setup are the ''set shot'' and the ''[[Jump shot (basketball)|jump shot]]''. The set shot is taken from a standing position, with neither foot leaving the floor, typically used for free throws. The jump shot is taken while in mid-air, when the ball is released near the top of the jump. This provides much greater power and range, and it also allows the player to elevate over the defender. Failure to release the ball before the feet return to the ground is considered a traveling violation. |
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Another common shot is called the ''[[layup]]''. This shot requires the player to be in motion toward the basket, and to "lay" the ball "up" and into the basket, typically off the backboard (the backboard-free, underhand version is called a ''finger roll''). The most crowd-pleasing, and typically highest-percentage accuracy shot is the ''[[slam dunk]]'', in which the player jumps very high, and throws the ball downward, straight through the hoop. |
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Another shot that is becoming common is the "circus shot." The circus shot is a low-percentage shot that is flipped, heaved, scooped, or flung toward the hoop while the shooter is off-balance, airborne, falling down, and/or facing away from the basket. |
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A shot that misses both the rim and the backboard completely is referred to as an [[air ball]]. A particularly bad shot, or one that only hits the backboard, is jocularly called a [[brick (basketball)|brick]]. |
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===Rebounding=== |
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{{main|Rebound (basketball)}} |
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<!-- There should be at least a paragraph or two here, in addition to the main article link. --> |
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The objective of rebounding is to successfully gain possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard. This plays a major role in the game, as most possessions end when a team misses a shot. There are two categories of rebounds: offensive rebounds, in which the ball is recovered by the offensive side and does not change possession, and defensive rebounds, in which the defending team gains possession of the loose ball. The majority of rebounds are defensive, as the team on defense tends to be in better position to recover missed shots. |
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===Passing=== |
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<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[File:172808 480 art R0.jpg|thumb|left|220px|[[Carlos Arroyo]] shown here with the [[Utah Jazz]], left, passes to a teammate.{{speedy-image-c|2006-10-16}} ]] --> |
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{{seealso|Assist (basketball)}} |
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A pass is a method of moving the ball between players. Most passes are accompanied by a step forward to increase power and are followed through with the hands to ensure accuracy. |
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A staple pass is the ''chest pass''. The ball is passed directly from the passer's chest to the receiver's chest. A proper chest pass involves an outward snap of the thumbs to add velocity and leaves the defence little time to react. |
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Another type of pass is the ''bounce pass''. Here, the passer bounces the ball crisply about two-thirds of the way from his own chest to the receiver. The ball strikes the court and bounces up toward the receiver. The bounce pass takes longer to complete than the chest pass, but it is also harder for the opposing team to intercept (kicking the ball deliberately is a violation). Thus, players often use the bounce pass in crowded moments, or to pass around a defender. |
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The ''overhead pass'' is used to pass the ball over a defender. The ball is released while over the passer's head. |
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The ''outlet pass'' occurs after a team gets a defensive rebound. The next pass after the rebound is the ''outlet pass''. |
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The crucial aspect of any good pass is it being difficult to intercept. Good passers can pass the ball with great accuracy and they know exactly where each of their other teammates prefers to receive the ball. A special way of doing this is passing the ball without looking at the receiving teammate. This is called a ''no-look pass''. |
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Another advanced style of passing is the ''behind-the-back pass'' which, as the description implies, involves throwing the ball behind the passer's back to a teammate. Although some players can perform such a pass effectively, many coaches discourage no-look or behind-the-back passes, believing them to be difficult to control and more likely to result in turnovers or violations. |
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===Dribbling=== |
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[[File:Basketball game.jpg|thumb|right|210px|A U.S. Naval Academy ("Navy") player, left, posts up a U.S. Military Academy ("Army") defender]] |
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{{main|Dribble}} |
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Dribbling is the act of bouncing the ball continuously with one hand, and is a requirement for a player to take steps with the ball. To dribble, a player pushes the ball down towards the ground with the fingertips rather than patting it; this ensures greater control. |
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When dribbling past an opponent, the dribbler should dribble with the hand farthest from the opponent, making it more difficult for the defensive player to get to the ball. It is therefore important for a player to be able to dribble competently with both hands. |
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Good dribblers (or "ball handlers") tend to bounce the ball low to the ground, reducing the distance of travel of the ball from the floor to the hand, making it more difficult for the defender to "steal" the ball. Good ball handlers frequently dribble behind their backs, between their legs, and switch directions suddenly, making a less predictable dribbling pattern that is more difficult to defend against. This is called a crossover, which is the most effective way to move past defenders while dribbling. |
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A skilled player can dribble without watching the ball, using the dribbling motion or [[peripheral vision]] to keep track of the ball's location. By not having to focus on the ball, a player can look for teammates or scoring opportunities, as well as avoid the danger of having someone steal the ball away from him/her. |
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===Blocking=== |
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{{main|Block (basketball)}} |
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A block is performed when, after a shot is attempted, a defender succeeds in altering the shot by touching the ball. In almost all variants of play, it is illegal to touch the ball after it is in the downward path of its arc; this is known as ''[[goaltending]]''. It is also illegal under NBA and Men's NCAA basketball, to block a shot after it has touched the backboard, or when any part of the ball is directly above the rim. |
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To block a shot, a player has to be able to reach a point higher than where the shot is released. Thus, height can be an advantage in blocking. Players who are taller and playing the power forward or center positions generally record more blocks than players who are shorter and playing the guard positions. However, with good timing and a sufficiently high vertical leap, even shorter players can be effective shot blockers. |
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==Height== |
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At the professional level, most male players are above {{convert|6|ft|3|in|m|2}} and most women above {{convert|5|ft|7|in|m|2}}. Guards, for whom physical coordination and ball-handling skills are crucial, tend to be the smallest players. Almost all forwards in the men's pro leagues are {{convert|6|ft|6|in|m|2}} or taller. Most centers are over {{convert|6|ft|10|in|m|2}} tall. According to a survey given to all NBA teams, the average height of all NBA players is just under {{convert|6|ft|7|in|m|2}}, with the average weight being close to {{convert|222|lb|kg}}. The tallest players ever in the NBA were [[Manute Bol]] and [[Gheorghe Mureşan]], who were both {{convert|7|ft|7|in|m|2}} tall. The tallest current NBA player is [[Yao Ming]], who stands at {{convert|7|ft|6|in|m|2}}. |
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The shortest player ever to play in the NBA is [[Muggsy Bogues]] at {{convert|5|ft|3|in|m|2}}. Other short players have thrived at the pro level. [[Spud Webb|Anthony "Spud" Webb]] was just {{convert|5|ft|7|in|m}} tall, but had a 42-inch (1.07 m) vertical leap, giving him significant height when jumping. The shortest player in the NBA as of the 2009-10 season is [[Earl Boykins]] at 5 feet 5 inches (1.65 m). While shorter players are often not very good at defending against shooting, their ability to navigate quickly through crowded areas of the court and steal the ball by reaching low are strengths. |
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==Variations and similar games== |
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{{main|Variations of basketball}} |
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'''Variations of basketball''' are activities based on the game of basketball, using common basketball skills and equipment (primarily the ball and basket). Some variations are only superficial rules changes, while others are distinct games with varying degrees of basketball influences. Other variations include children's games, contests or activities meant to help players reinforce skills. |
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There are principal basketball sports with variations on basketball including '''[[Wheelchair basketball]]''', '''[[Water basketball]]''', '''[[Beach Basketball|Beach basketball]]''', '''[[Slamball]]''', '''[[Streetball]]''' and '''[[Unicycle basketball]]'''. An earlier version of basketball was '''[[Six-on-six basketball]]''' played until the end of the 1950s. '''[[Horseball]]''' is a game played on [[horse]]back where a ball is handled and points are scored by shooting it through a high net (approximately 1.5m×1.5m). The sport is like a combination of [[polo]], [[rugby football|rugby]], and basketball. There is even a form played on donkeys known as '''[[Donkey basketball]]''', but that version has come under attack from animal rights groups. |
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Games using basketball skills and equipment include popular versions of the half-court game played in informal settings without referees or strict rules. Perhaps the single most common variation is the ''half court'' game. Only one basket is used, and the ball must be "cleared" - passed or dribbled outside the half-court or three-point line -each time possession of the ball changes from one team to the other. Half-court games require less [[cardiovascular]] stamina, since players need not run back and forth a full court. Half-court games also raise the number of players that can use a court, an important benefit when many players want to play. (Interestingly, half court games are also played when there is an insufficient number of players to form full 5-on-5 teams). |
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There are also other basketball sports like |
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*'''[[Twenty-one (basketball)|21]]''' (also known as '''hustle''', '''cutthrow''' and '''roughhouse''') |
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*'''[[Variations of basketball#42|42]]''' |
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*'''[[Variations of basketball#Around the world|Around the world]]''' |
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*'''[[Variations of basketball#Bounce|Bounce]]''' |
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*'''[[Variations of basketball#Firing Squad|Firing Squad]]''' |
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*'''[[Variations of basketball#Fives|Fives]]''' |
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*'''[[Variations of basketball#H-O-R-S-E|H-O-R-S-E]]''' |
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*'''[[Hotshot (game)|Hotshot''']] |
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*'''[[Knockout (game)|Knockout]]''' |
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*'''[[Variations of basketball#One-shot conquer|One-shot conquer]]''' |
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*'''[[Variations of basketball#Steal The Bacon|Steal The Bacon]]''' |
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*'''[[Variations of basketball#Tip-it|Tip-it]]''' |
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*'''[[Variations of basketball#Tips|Tips]]''' |
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*'''[[Variations of basketball#"The One"|"The One"]]''' |
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*'''Basketball [[Variations of basketball#War|War]]'''. |
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*'''One-on-One''', a variation in which two players will use only a small section of the court (often no more than a half of a court) and compete to play the ball into a single hoop. Such games tend to emphasize individual dribbling and ball stealing skills over shooting and team play. |
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===Wheelchair Basketball=== |
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{{main|Wheelchair basketball}} |
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Wheelchair basketball, created by disabled [[World War II]] veterans,<ref>[http://www.findsportsnow.com/learn/wheelchair-basketball Learn Basketball on FindSportsNow]</ref> is played on specially designed wheelchairs for the physically impaired. The world governing body of wheelchair basketball is the [[International Wheelchair Basketball Federation]]<ref>[http://www.iwbf.org/ IWBF website]</ref> (IWBF). |
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===Water Basketball=== |
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{{main|Water basketball}} |
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Water basketball, played in a swimming pool, merges basketball and [[water polo]] rules. |
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===Beach Basketball=== |
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{{Main|Beach basketball}} |
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A modified version of basketball, played on beaches, was invented by Philip Bryant.<ref>[http://www.beachbasketball.com/ World Beach Basketball site]</ref> Beach basketball is played in a circular court with no backboard on the goal, no out-of-bounds rule with the ball movement to be done via passes or 2½ steps, as dribbling is next to impossible on a soft surface.<ref>[http://www.beachbasketball.com] Beachbasketball.com web site</ref> |
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Beach basketball has grown to a very popular, widespread competitive sport. Fifteen Annual World Championships have been organized. |
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===Dunk Hoops=== |
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{{main|Dunk hoops}} |
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Dunk Hoops (aka Dunk Ball) is a variation of the game of basketball, played on basketball hoops with lowered (under basketball regulation 10 feet) rims. It originated when the popularity of the slam dunk grew and was developed to create better chances for dunks with lowered rims and using altered [[goaltending]] rules. |
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===Slamball=== |
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{{main|Slamball}} |
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Slamball is full-contact basketball, with [[trampolines]]. Points are scored by playing the ball through the net, as in basketball, though the point-scoring rules are modified. The main differences from the parent sport is the court; below the padded basketball rim and [[backboard (basketball)|backboard]] are four trampolines set into the floor which serve to propel players to great heights for [[slam dunk]]s. The rules also permit some physical contact between the members of the four-player teams. |
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===Streetball=== |
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{{main|Streetball}} |
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Streetball is a less formal variant of basketball, played on [[playground]]s and in [[gym]]nasiums across the world. Often only one half of the court is used, but otherwise the rules of the game are very similar to those of basketball. The number of participants in a game, or a ''run'', may range from one defender and one person on offense (known as ''one on one'') to two full teams of five each. |
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Streetball is a very popular game worldwide, and some cities in the United States have organized streetball programs, such as [[midnight basketball]]. Many cities also host their own weekend-long streetball tournaments. |
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===Unicycle Basketball=== |
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{{main|Unicycle#Unicycle Basketball}} |
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Unicycle basketball is played using a regulation basketball on a regular basketball court with the same rules, e.g., one must dribble the ball whilst riding. There are a number of rules that are particular to unicycle basketball as well, e.g., a player must have at least one foot on a pedal when in-bounding the ball. Unicycle basketball is usually played using 24" or smaller unicycles, and using plastic pedals, both to preserve the court and the players' shins. In North America, popular unicycle basketball games are organized.<ref>[http://bayarea.comcastsportsnet.com/UncoveredVid.jsp?bcpid=1274025926&bclid=1313706243&bctid=1432781480 Comcast SportsNet Feature about Berkeley Unicycle Basketball]</ref>. |
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===More distantly related basketball games=== |
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{{Main|Variations of basketball#More distantly related games}} |
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Spin-offs from basketball that are now separate sports include: |
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*'''[[Korfball]]''' (Dutch: Korfbal) started in the Netherlands and is now played worldwide as a mixed gender team ball game, similar to mixed netball and basketball |
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*'''[[Netball]]''' (formerly known as Women basketball but now played by both males and females), a limited-contact team sport in which two teams of seven try to score points against one another by placing a ball through a high hoop, |
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*'''[[Slamball]]''', a full-contact basketball, with trampolines. Points are scored by playing the ball through the net, as in basketball, though the point-scoring rules are modified. The main differences from the parent sport is the court; below the padded basketball rim and backboard are four trampolines set into the floor which serve to propel players to great heights for slam dunks. The rules also permit some physical contact between the members of the four-player teams. |
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==Social forms of basketball== |
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Basketball has been adopted by various social groups and for which they have established their own environments and sometimes their own rules. Such socialized forms of basketball include: |
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*'''Recreational basketball''', where fun, entertainment and family and camaraderie rule rather than winning a game |
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*'''Basketball Schools and Academies''' where students are trained in developing basketball fundamentals, undergo fitness and endurance exercises and learn various basketball skills. Basketball students learn proper ways of passing, ball handling, dribbling, shooting from various distances, rebounding, offensive moves, defense, lay-ups, screens etc, basketball rules and basketball ethics. Also popular are the '''basketball camps''' organized at various occasions, often to get prepared for basketball events and '''basketball clinics''' for improving skills. |
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*'''College and University basketball''' played in educational institutions of higher learning |
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**This includes [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA) intercollegiate basketball commonly known as [[College basketball]] in the [[United States]] although it is also played in most universities in the country |
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*'''Disabled basketball''' played by various disabled groups such as: |
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**'''Bankshot basketball'''<ref>[http://www.bankshot.com/ Bankshot basketball website]</ref> |
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**'''[[Deaf basketball]]''' |
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**'''[[Wheelchair basketball]]''', a sport based on basketball but designed for [[disability|disabled]] people in [[wheelchair]]s and considered one of the major [[disabled sports]] practiced |
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*'''Ethnic and Religion-based basketball'''. Examples of Ethnic basketball include Indo-Pak or Russian or Armenian leagues in the United States or Canada for example or Filipino expatriate basketball leagues in the Gulf or the United States. Whereas religion-based basketball includes most notably church-related Christian basketball leagues, Jewish, Muslim and Hindu basketball leagues etc. or denominational leagues like Coptic, Syriac/Assyrian basketball leagues in the United States or Canada. |
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*'''Gay basketball''' played in [[gay]], [[lesbian]], [[bisexuality|bisexual]] and [[transgender]] communities in gay basketball leagues. Sport of basketball is a major part of events during the [[Gay Games]], [[World Outgames]] and [[EuroGames (LGBT sporting event)|EuroGames]]. |
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*'''[[Midnight basketball]]''', a basketball initiative to curb inner-city crime in the United States and elsewhere by keeping urban youth off the streets and engaging them with sports alternatives to drugs and crime. |
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*'''Mini basketball''' played by underage children |
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*'''Maxi Basketball''' played by overage individuals |
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*'''Prison basketball''', basketball practiced in [[prisons]] and penitentiary institutions. There are also active religious basketball missionary groups to play basketball with prisoners. Some prisons have developed their prison basketball leagues. At times, non-prisoners may play in such leagues, provided all home and away games are played within prison courts. Film director [[Jason Moriarty]] has even released a documentary relating to the sport entitled [[Prison Ball]]. |
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*'''[[Rezball]]''', short for reservation ball, is the term used to describe the avid [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] following of basketball and in some areas the style of play of their Native American teams. |
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*'''School / High school basketball''', the sport of basketball being one of the most frequently exercised and popular sports in all school systems |
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*'''Show basketball''' as performed by entertainment basketball show teams, the prime example being the [[Harlem Globetrotters]]. There are even specialized entertainment teams like: |
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**'''Celebrity basketball''' teams made of celebrities (actors, singers etc) playing in their own leagues or in public, often for entertainment and charity events. |
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**'''Midget basketball''' teams made up of athletes of [[short stature]] offering shows using basketball |
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**'''[[Slamball]]''' offered as entertainment events |
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*'''[[Women's basketball]]''' played by females |
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==Fantasy basketball== |
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{{main|Fantasy basketball}} |
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'''Fantasy basketball''' was inspired by [[fantasy baseball]]. Originally played by keeping track of stats by hand, it was popularized during the 1990s after the advent of the Internet. Those who play this game are sometimes referred to as General Managers, who draft actual [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] players and compute their [[basketball statistics]]. The game was popularized by [[ESPN]] Fantasy Sports, [[NBA.com]], and [[Yahoo!]] Fantasy Sports. Other sports websites provided the same format keeping the game interesting with participants actually owning specific players. |
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==See also== |
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{{portal|Basketball|Basketball.png}} |
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[[File:Monument to basketball.jpg|thumb|A monument in [[Lithuania]]n basketball in [[Vilnius]]]] |
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*[[Basketball moves]] |
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*[[Basketball position]] |
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*[[Basketball at the Summer Olympics]] |
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*[[College Basketball]] |
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*[[International Basketball Federation]] |
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*[[Continental Basketball Association]] |
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*[[National Basketball Association]] (NBA) |
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*[[ULEB]] |
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*[[Premier Basketball League]] |
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*[[Philippine Basketball Association]] |
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*[[FIBA World Championship]] |
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*[[FIBA World Championship for Women]] |
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*[[Wheelchair basketball]] |
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*[[Women's National Basketball Association]] (WNBA) |
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*[[SlamBall]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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*{{cite web |
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| author=National Basketball Association |
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| year=2001 |
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| url=http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_index.html |
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| title=Official Rules of the National Basketball Association |
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| dateformat=mdy |
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| accessdate=July 16, 2004 |
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}} |
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*{{cite book |
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| year = 2004 |
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| month = June |
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| title = Official Basketball Rules |
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| author = International Basketball Federation |
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| url = http://www.fiba.com/asp_includes/download.asp?file_id=327 |
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}} |
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*{{cite journal |
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| first = Anthony |
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| last = Reimer |
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| year = 2005 |
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| month = June |
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| title = FIBA vs North American Rules Comparison |
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| journal = FIBA Assist |
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| issue = 14 |
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| pages = 40–44 |
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| url = http://www.fiba.com/asp_includes/download.asp?file_id=518 |
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}} |
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*{{cite web |
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| author=Bonsor, Kevin |
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| url=http://health.howstuffworks.com/basketball2.htm |
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| title=How Basketball Works: Who's Who |
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| work=HowStuffWorks |
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| publisher= |
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| dateformat=mdy |
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| accessdate=January 11, 2006 |
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}} |
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</div> |
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==External links== |
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{{sisterlinks}} |
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<!-- Please be selective when adding links, see talk page for more info. --> |
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===Historical=== |
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* [http://www.naismithmuseum.com/ Naismith Museum & Basketball Hall of Fame - Almonte, ON] |
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* [http://www.hoophall.com/ Basketball Hall of Fame - Springfield, MA] |
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* [http://hoopedia.nba.com/index.php/Main_Page Hoopedia - The Basketball Wiki (hosted by the NBA)] |
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* [http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/pm.php?id=story_line&lg=English&fl=0&ex=00000176&sl=3555&pos=1 Hometown Sports Heroes] |
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* [http://www.nfhs.org/web/2008/05/200809_high_school_basketball_r.aspx New Rule Changes for High School Basketball] |
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===Organizations=== |
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* [http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/programme/index_uk.asp?SportCode=BK Basketball at the Olympic Games] |
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* [http://www.fiba.com International Basketball Federation] |
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* [http://www.nba.com National Basketball Association] |
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* [http://www.wnba.com/ Women's National Basketball Association] |
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* [http://www.cbahoopsonline.com Continental Basketball Association (oldest league in the world)] |
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* [http://www.nwba.org National Wheelchair Basketball Association] |
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===Other=== |
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* {{dmoz|Sports/Basketball|Basketball}} |
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* {{yahoo directory|Recreation/Sports/Basketball/|Basketball}} |
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* [http://www.basketball.com Basketball.com website] |
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* [http://www.eurobasket.com Eurobasket website] |
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* [http://www.basketball-reference.com Basketball-Reference.com: Basketball Statistics, Analysis and History] |
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* [http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques_JKL/Plaque_Lanark03.html Ontario historical plaque - Dr. James Naismith] |
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* [http://www.jimwegryn.com/Names/BasketballTeams.htm Historical List of American Professional Basketball Teams] |
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{{International basketball}} |
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{{Prohoops}} |
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{{Team Sport}} |
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[[Category:Basketball| ]] |
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[[Category:Canadian inventions]] |
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[[Category:1891 introductions]] |
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[[Category:Sports originating in the United States]] |
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{{Link FA|hr}} |
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{{Link FA|mk}} |
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{{Link FA|th}} |
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[[af:Basketbal]] |
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[[ar:كرة السلة]] |
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[[an:Baloncesto]] |
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[[ast:Baloncestu]] |
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[[az:Basketbol]] |
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[[be:Баскетбол]] |
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[[be-x-old:Баскетбол]] |
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[[bcl:Basketbol]] |
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[[bs:Košarka]] |
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[[br:Basketball]] |
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[[bg:Баскетбол]] |
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[[ca:Basquetbol]] |
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[[cv:Баскетбол]] |
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[[ceb:Basketbol]] |
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[[cs:Basketbal]] |
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[[cy:Pêl-fasged]] |
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[[da:Basketball]] |
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[[et:Korvpall]] |
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[[el:Καλαθοσφαίριση]] |
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[[es:Baloncesto]] |
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[[eo:Korbopilkado]] |
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[[ext:Baloncestu]] |
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[[eu:Saskibaloi]] |
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[[fa:بسکتبال]] |
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[[fo:Kurvabóltur]] |
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[[fr:Basket-ball]] |
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[[fy:Basketbal]] |
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[[fur:Bale tal zei]] |
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[[ga:Cispheil]] |
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[[gd:Ball-basgaid]] |
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[[gl:Baloncesto]] |
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[[hak:Làm-khiù]] |
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[[ko:농구]] |
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[[hi:बास्केटबॉल]] |
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[[hr:Košarka]] |
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[[io:Korbobalono]] |
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[[id:Bola basket]] |
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[[ia:Basketball]] |
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[[is:Körfuknattleikur]] |
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[[it:Pallacanestro]] |
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[[he:כדורסל]] |
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[[kn:ಬ್ಯಾಸ್ಕೆಟ್ಬಾಲ್]] |
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[[ka:კალათბურთი]] |
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[[kk:Баскетбол]] |
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[[ky:Баскетбол]] |
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[[kv:Кудсяр]] |
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[[ht:Baskètbòl]] |
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[[la:Canistriludium]] |
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[[lv:Basketbols]] |
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[[lt:Krepšinis]] |
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[[lij:Ballabanastra]] |
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[[hu:Kosárlabda]] |
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[[mk:Кошарка]] |
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[[ml:ബാസ്ക്കറ്റ്ബോൾ]] |
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[[mt:Baskitbol]] |
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[[mr:बास्केटबॉल]] |
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[[mzn:بسکتوال]] |
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[[ms:Bola keranjang]] |
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[[nah:Chiquiuhtapayolhuiliztli]] |
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[[nl:Basketbal]] |
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[[ja:バスケットボール]] |
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[[no:Basketball]] |
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[[nn:Korgball]] |
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[[oc:Basquetbòl]] |
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[[mhr:Баскетбол]] |
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[[uz:Basketbol]] |
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[[pag:Basketball]] |
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[[pl:Koszykówka]] |
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[[pt:Basquetebol]] |
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[[ro:Baschet]] |
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[[rm:Ballabasket]] |
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[[qu:Isanka rump'u]] |
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[[ru:Баскетбол]] |
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[[sah:Баскетбол]] |
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[[sm:Pasiketipolo]] |
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[[sa:शिक्यकन्दुक]] |
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[[sco:Basketbaw]] |
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[[sq:Basketbolli]] |
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[[scn:Palla a canistru]] |
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[[simple:Basketball]] |
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[[sk:Basketbal]] |
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[[sl:Košarka]] |
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[[szl:Korbbal]] |
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[[sr:Кошарка]] |
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[[sh:Košarka]] |
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[[fi:Koripallo]] |
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[[sv:Basket]] |
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[[tl:Basketbol]] |
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[[ta:கூடைப்பந்தாட்டம்]] |
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[[te:బాస్కెట్ బాల్]] |
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[[th:บาสเกตบอล]] |
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[[tg:Баскетбол]] |
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[[tr:Basketbol]] |
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[[uk:Баскетбол]] |
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[[ug:ۋاسكېتبول]] |
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[[vec:Bałacanestro]] |
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[[vi:Bóng rổ]] |
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[[fiu-vro:Korvpall]] |
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[[vls:Basket]] |
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[[war:Basketbol]] |
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[[yi:באסקעטבאל]] |
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[[zh-yue:籃球]] |
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[[diq:Basketbol]] |
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[[bat-smg:Krepšėnis]] |
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[[zh:篮球]] |
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<!-- End request --> |
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[[User:Ace12345|Ace12345]] ([[User talk:Ace12345|talk]]) 01:33, 31 March 2010 (UTC) |
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Revision as of 02:05, 31 March 2010
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Pickup basketball: what is it?
Can someone pls include a definition of this? It was mentioned recently by someone at the Correspondents Dinner for Pres Barack Obama and people in the ROW (rest of world!) don't know what it is - tho we might guess. A quick search on the net reveals little. Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Zenji (talk • contribs) 18:48, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
- Pickup basketball refers to informal, unorganized games on a playground or in a gym, as opposed to official league games. In the future, please add new sections to the bottom of a talk page. -- Mwalcoff (talk) 03:38, 21 May 2009 (UTC)
Pick-up Basketball is also where you can play with a select team or select basketball club and instead of being a part of that club you can play pick up (play a tournament or game with them) Before you make the decision to pay to play with them. I did it before i played for my team too.'PEACE <3 BASKETBALL
Association Football?
I can't believe this sentence exists: "Basketball was originally played with an association football." Why won't "soccer ball" suffice? People in the US aren't the only ones who call 'association football' soccer. At least one commentator uses it on Premier League telecasts. This seems like silly hair splitting. As a matter of fact, calling the Game Known as Football/Soccer 'association football' might be MORE confusing to many readers, even those from the UK, NZ, etc. Best of all is that the article has been locked. Great. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.254.162.184 (talk) 02:07, 9 July 2008 (UTC)
- "association football" changed to "soccer ball". I agree and would further argue that, above all, using the term to describe the actual ball (as opposed to the game) is confusing.
- The article is semi-protected because it has a long history of vandalism. It is actually vandalism that in the past has put off a lot of regular editors from maintaining this page; unfortunately it means that new users can't make edits. Thanks for your suggestion—I hope you'll join Wikipedia. Neonumbers (talk) 09:39, 15 November 2008 (UTC) Pick-up Basketball is also where you can play with a select team or select basketball club and instead of being a part of that club you can play pick up (play a tournament or game with them) Before you make the decision to pay to play with them. PEACE <3 BASKETBALL
Discrepancy about the inspiration in English and French articles
The English article states that Naismith was inspired by the medieval game Duck on a Rock. However, the French article speaks of Naismith being inspired by "an old Maya ballgame", the Mesoamerican ballgame. Is any of them unfounded? Are they both only theories? The Duck on a Rock article already presents it as an hypothesis. If so, it should be mentioned, explained. --Liberlogos 07:20, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
- Well, the Duck on a Rock statement from this article is referenced, and the one on the French article isn't...
- That said, the Duck-on-a-Rock thing is a rather recent thing and whether it has backing by most historians is probably another story... It is, however, founded on his "handwritten diaries". The French article doesn't seem to mention a similar sort of backing (then again, my French isn't that great).
- This article (as far as I'm aware) isn't really watched by anyone who knows what they're talking about (I don't really know what I'm talking about), but you can visit the page listed in note 1 if you want to see where we got the Duck on a Rock thing. Neonumbers 09:49, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
About the Myan Game, I have a book that mentions the possibility of it being the origins or something. Ill see if I can find out more
Robotboy2008 07:56, 26 August 2007 (UTC)
I just found it Ziggy's Olympic Book Ball Games Page 11 ISBN 1-86007-155-4
Robotboy2008 08:05, 26 August 2007 (UTC)
When the name "Basket Ball" was suggested
In the section "History", paragraph three, it is stated when the first official basketball game was played. Then this statement follows: "'Basket ball', the name suggested by one of Naismith's students, was popular from the beginning." Was the name indeed suggested around the time of the first official game? If not, should this statement possibly be moved to an earlier paragraph? There could be some confusion as to when the name "basket ball" was suggested. Just a thought. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.46.150.109 (talk • contribs) 02:03, 7 February 2007 (UTC). kristina lacree
I question whether this paragraph should be used at all. It seems to hold a discrepancy between how the name was determined: by Naismith himself or by a student's suggestion. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.249.144.18 (talk) 20:53, 4 June 2008 (UTC)
- Noted and the second sentence (the one quoted by 68.46.150.109), which contradicts the first sentence in the paragraph before it (which is referenced), removed. Neonumbers (talk) 09:45, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
Naismith was Canadian born, not Canadian; plus, this is only relevant in the scope of the Duck game
http://www.hoophall.com/halloffamers/Naismith.htm
Though he was born in Canada and adapted rules from a Canadian childhood game, James Naismith was an American and stayed in the US -- getting a medical degree in THE US, working in THE US, and serving in the US MILITARY. Therefore, he was not a 'Canadian physician from McGill' for two reasons: number one, that is irrelevant, if true. Number two, he wasn't a physician, he got his medical degree in the US many years later. All of his jobs listed were held in the US. The only reference to McGill that makes sense is the Doctorate degree from McGill. HOWEVER, Google shows that it was an HONORARY doctorate, which means that the only Canadian reference after he moved to Springfield, MA, is an honorary degree, which means even that wasn't completed in Canada (it's an honorary degree, there are no classes to attend.)
To recap: Any information about where he went to college should be in his own page, not basketball's. And, he was not a Canadian physician. He just had a four year degree at the time he moved to the US, so how could he be a physician. He went to medical school in the US many years later, living all over the US, as well as served in the Kansas (US) state military. Therefore, he's not a Canadian Physician from McGill but a Canadian-born college graduate from McGill, which has nothing to do with Basketball, so I omitted it from the Basketball page.
I moved the new discovery reported in ESPN to the next page, and mentioned that he was born in Canada, in that same paragraph, for comprehension. The way it was right now, saying Naismith was a Canadian Physician from McGill who happened to be working at the YMCA is incorrect. It's actually more correct to say he was an American Physician from Colorado, US who invented Basketball, because that's where he went to medical school and he was an American, but Canadian born. But even that is not accurate (nor relevant) because he wasn't actually a physician at the time, NOR is what he is known for. So even if you mention the exact school he went to, that is irrelevant because he is not KNOWN for being a physician, nor was he a physician when he invented it (it was many years later.) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Volleyball123 (talk • contribs) 04:02, 15 February 2007 (UTC).
- Naismith's mother and her parents came to Canada from Scotland and Australia in 1852, and his father arrived (also from Scotland) in 1853. Naismith was born in Canada, which would make him Canadian. He did not become a naturalized American citizen until 1925, in order to fulfil a requirement of his military service. That event occurred 34 years after he invented basketball. You cannot retroactively declare him to be an American in 1891, plus you haven't indicated whether or not he retained dual citizenship after 1925. In short, before making what is a fairly significant change to commonly understood details about his life, you should probably discuss them here first and get some feedback. --Ckatzchatspy 05:30, 15 February 2007 (UTC) (info sourced from the Naismith Museum)
Volleyball123 14:04, 17 February 2007 (UTC)I was not arguing that he is not Canadian or from McGill. The point is that the mcGill reference is still unnecessary and irrelevant (nothing to do or relating to basketball of physical education.) It is also not true that he was a Canadian physician. If you move to the US and invent basketball at 30, are you automatically a Canadian physician from McGill? No--he was not a physician. The way the article reads right now, Naismith was a doctor from Canada who received a medical degree from McGill who then invented Basketball while in the US. That is not correct. If you get a medical degree from UConn but you went to Harvard for undergraduate, it is misleading to say you are a physician from Harvard (plus unnecessary to mention the college name except for those alumni from that college.) The only college on that page that should even be mentioned is Springfield College. Next year, his high school will want representation at the top of the basketball page, too. Why Springfield College? Because that is where it was invented. What was? Basketball. It's a page about basketball, not James life history. Plus he got a degree from four places, not just McGill. To repeat, there is no way "a Canadian physician from McGill" is accurate or necessary to the Basketball article.
A lot of Canadians think the sport was invented IN Canada. Literally. Saying Canadian-born would clarify to everybody that he was born in Canada, but give hint that it was only as a child. He lived in the US almost his entire life, and that's where he invented basketball. I can't believe you can't see how the statement "a Canadian physician from McGill" is accurate or necessary to the Basketball article in any way. Plus, since he was an American SOLDIER (keyword American and keyword Soldier), it makes no sense to say Candian when you can say "Canadian-born" instead. It is more accurate.
Right now, the article has a heavy Canadian slant. And, the McGill reference has no reason to be there. Springfield College earned the right to be there. It's an article about Basketball. The way it is right now, anybody who glances at the Basketball page will think that Naismith was born in Canada, became a physician in Canada, and had nothing to do with the US except inventing it in Springfield. And, that the McGill reference is more important than the YMCA reference. This is an article about BASKETBALL. The first line is extremely unreadable.
Plus, not only was Springfield College the birthplace of basketball, but that's where Naismith got his physical education degree. He got a philosophy degree from McGill. Completely irrelevant to the basketball article! He also got a medical degree from Colorado, why not mention that? It would be more accurate to say he's a physician from University of Colorado than physician from McGill.
- I'll leave the rest of your changes to see what others think. However, I have replaced the word "Canadian" as it accurately describes Mr. Naismith, and is supported by references throughout the article (including the one you used.) Further to this, I think it is stretching things to claim that the article has "a heavy Canadian slant" - either in the previous version or as it is now written. There are currently only six references to Canada, including a mention of the sport spreading throughout the U.S. and Canada; examples of players from nations other than the U.S.; and that the first NBA game was played in Toronto. --Ckatzchatspy 18:29, 17 February 2007 (UTC)
Volleyball123 12:07, 20 February 2007 (UTC) It is much easier to read and understand the first sentence right now. The introductory sentence is no longer three lines long. And, it no longer states that Naismith was a physician or minister at the time, in "December of 1891." Nationality-wise, he's 100% scottish, though, as his parents were from Scotland and he was born 10 years after his parents moved to Canada, and after 30 years, he seems to have resided in the US for the rest of life. Should we say Scottish-Canadian ? There is a page on Wikipedia about scottish-canadians. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish-Canadian
- Why is it such an issue to accept that someone born and raised in Canada is...Canadian? There is no need to qualify it. --Ckatzchatspy 17:17, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
Traveling
Can't you only take two steps with the ball until the ball goes to the other team? It didn't mention it in the dribbling section. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Magic System (talk • contribs) 01:32, 16 February 2007 (UTC).
- It's the second sentence in the second paragraph under "Violations". Mishatx *разговор* 04:45, 16 February 2007 (UTC)
Thanx Traveling is when you do take more than two steps after picking the ball up after dribbling the other team gets the ball out of bounds because of the penalty. PEACE <3 BASKETBALL
Double Dribble
Does anyone know if they consider double dribbles in the NBA?
thanx Magic System 15:54, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
- Yes, they do consider double dribbling in the NBA. It is one of the primary rules of the game of basketball. If a player is dribbling and happens to pick up the ball with both hands and then continue to dribble, the call is double dribbling. Also in some cases, if a player shoots an airball and catches it themselves, that can also be called double dribbling. I don't think that the rule should be different from unprofessional to professional basketball players. Of course, professional players are compensated for their work, but the basis rules of the game should remain for everyone. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.210.86.136 (talk) 20:52, 16 January 2008 (UTC)
Fouling
Can someone please tell me what the fouls are in basketball more detailly? I don't really get it from reading the article lol. SSBM Pro 03:27, 9 May 2007 (UTC) SteveNash11
- The fouls section is quite detailed and contains a link to personal foul. It looks fine to me. —LOL 04:05, 9 May 2007 (UTC) Double drible- dribbling with two hands, picking up the ball then dribbling again Travling-picking up the ball and running Thoses are just two of the fouls 205.206.27.233 (talk) 15:15, 1 February 2008 (UTC)breana
Role in African American culture?
The article doesn't say anything about the specific popularity of basketball in African American culture. Maybe it's a myth, but I thought basketball tended to be favored over other sports in African American communities, and that the proportion of black players at college and professional levels is higher than in the general US population. Can anyone affirm this and write a paragraph on the subject? Mtford 03:51, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
I completely agree with Mtford above... there (seriously) is no question that basketball is highly favored by African-Americans due to the influence in popular culture and television. While early on and in other foreign countries this isn't the case, this is definitely the case in America. Very few white players are on the teams (or I COULD be wrong if anybody can provide factual statistics). Anyways, back to the point, I definitely think there should be a category on African American roles in basketball Jerre 01:37, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
Would this topic be better listed under a popularity section? Baseball has a section that touches on ethnic popularity. Should basketball also have one? Should the article mention how Bill Russell was a black player-coach? Or other instances of racial tolerance in the sport? As for the popularity of basketball in the African-American culture look at where a lot of the players come from. Inner cities with low budgets don't have the overhead to promote, for example, ice hockey. Baseball, football, basketball and track sports have low overhead. Personally I think the article could suffer if we attempted to include the viewpoint of race. This path of logic leads us to racial profiling. Nohbohdhy (talk) 18:35, 24 November 2007 (UTC)
When?
- Naismith's handwritten diaries, discovered by his granddaughter in Spring 2006
The above excerpt violates the chronological guidelines for seasonal references in the Wikipedia Manual of Style (MOS). Please correct this with neutral wordings. Some examples of more suitable wordings may be found in the MOS. -- B.D.Mills (T, C) 04:02, 9 August 2007 (UTC)
- —Done. The "Spring" (which should have been "spring" anyway), according to the article cited by this one in reference no. 4, (presumably) refers to the spring of the Northern hemisphere, which I have written as "early 2006". (I live in the Southern hemisphere, and our autumn is March to May, so correct me if I'm wrong.) Neonumbers 09:35, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
Draw
Oddly enough I can't find any reference that a game can't end in a draw, neither here nor at the rules' article. Have I missed it or is it missing? - Nabla 19:33, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
- A game only ends in a draw if the game is an exhibition/friendly game. Otherwise, all games must determine a winner, no matter how long it takes. (see Overtime (sports)#Basketball for details. --Howard the Duck 03:42, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
- I knew that but thank you, anyway. The point was that it is odd that it is not mentioned in this article at all. - Nabla (talk) 02:26, 1 April 2008 (UTC)
- Games actually can end in a draw in another circumstance: a scorer's error that is only discovered after the end of the game. This actually has happened before including in a game between the University of Kentucky and Kentucky Wesleyan College. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.224.111.116 (talk) 20:28, 3 May 2008 (UTC)
- A draw is also possible in a 2-legs series, where the winner is determined by the aggregate score of 2 matches. A single match may end in a draw, while extra time is played in case the aggregate score is level after regulation time of game #2. --Nitsansh (talk) 23:59, 17 June 2008 (UTC)
- Games actually can end in a draw in another circumstance: a scorer's error that is only discovered after the end of the game. This actually has happened before including in a game between the University of Kentucky and Kentucky Wesleyan College. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.224.111.116 (talk) 20:28, 3 May 2008 (UTC)
- I knew that but thank you, anyway. The point was that it is odd that it is not mentioned in this article at all. - Nabla (talk) 02:26, 1 April 2008 (UTC)
Basketball Around the world
Basketball is very popular in many countries around the world. It would be good to add in some information in relation to the European competition and the Oceania competition www.nbl.com.au —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.104.4.207 (talk) 03:57, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
Basketball parity worldwide
- The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section. A summary of the conclusions reached follows.
- The result was merge into Basketball. Cordless Larry (talk) 18:51, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
Someone's started an article at basketball parity worldwide as part of a school project. I suggest we merge it into this article. Cordless Larry (talk) 15:20, 2 May 2008 (UTC)
The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
- Can someone with some knowledge of basketball (unlike me) help me perform this merge? Cordless Larry (talk) 18:53, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
Error that needs to be corrected
The part of the article that mentions the American Basketball Association still contains a tag that reads "American Basketball Association (1967-1976)", which was the result of vandalism by someone who converted a lot of ABA articles and links in an effort (it seems) to promote the current minor league ABA. This should be fixed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.224.111.116 (talk) 20:31, 3 May 2008 (UTC)
This may be a minor grammatical thing to fix, but I can't do so beause of the semi-protection. The phrase in the second paragraph regarding scoring, "Points are scored by shooting the ball through the basket from above", needs to be fixed. Just delete the word "from" - otherwise it seems to say that the players are above the basket shooting down at it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.69.240.169 (talk) 13:47, 4 May 2008 (UTC)
- Fixed. Thanks. --NeilN talk ♦ contribs 13:52, 4 May 2008 (UTC)
Um, now it sounds like you can score by throwing the ball upwards through the hoop. How about "Points are scored by shooting the ball downward through the basket, either through a direct downward shot (such as the slam dunk or skyhook), or on the trailing end of a typical arcing shot." ? Jreacher (talk) 18:26, 21 March 2009 (UTC)
Fouling Out
In the fouling section of the basketball article, how one can foul out in a game is ambiguously stated. According to the section, technical fouls are counted in the 5 or 6 foul criterion for fouling out. This may be true in international competition, but in the NBA, this is most definitely not true; only personal fouls are counted. The section must be updated immediately. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Saadlink1 (talk • contribs) 09:36, 30 May 2008 (UTC)
Charge
I would like to add some facts about charges. How defenders draw a charge. How players get called for offensive charges. The restricted zone that charges will be considered blocking fouls. And how defensive players get called for a blocking foul and not a charge. Please let me know what you think and where I could possible get professional information about charges. Thanks!--Soundwave21 (talk) 18:12, 17 June 2008 (UTC) Drawing Charges is pretty easy if you know what you are doing. Its where a player of the opposite team can be running through the lane out of control you can stand in front of them and draw the foul (make the opposing player get a foul and you team will also get the ball as a bonus) but you have to have both feet on the ground and get in front of the player to get the charge!!! pretty AWESOME too! PEACE <3 BASKETBALL
--70.137.176.221 (talk) 05:58, 16 June 2008 (UTC)
Foreign leagues
I'm no fan of non-NBA basketball, but it seems a little NPOV to me that the NBA gets its own subsection while Euroleague, the Chinese Basketball Association, and other influential world leagues don't even get a mention in the "International basketball" section, especially considering the recent trend of established NBA players heading overseas. I see someone has mentioned this earlier too, but I still think it's worth bringing up again. Betterusername (talk) 05:39, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
- The international section could be split into 2 sections equal to the NBA section, one section for basketball between national teams (FIBA, Olympics, etc) and one section for professional club basketball in countries other than the US. This is perhaps US-centric but I think warranted in this case due to the NBA's historical and continuing influence on the game. Simishag (talk) 05:54, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
Dimensions of basketball court
The dimensions listed are sloppy. Why not have more precise conversions between feet and meters? The international dimensions are 28m by 15m (91.9 ft by 49.2 ft). The NBA dimensions are 94 ft by 50 ft (28.7m by 15.2m) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gusmahler (talk • contribs) 23:53, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
- Our convention with unit conversions on Wikipedia is to "use a level of precision similar to that of the source value" (Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)#Unit_conversions). In this spirit, conversions to two significant figures are given, just to give readers a vague idea of length in units they're familiar with. To give more precise figures would be pointless—readers who want to know that the conversion's actually 91.863517060367454068241469816273 feet can figure it out themselves. Neonumbers (talk) 09:35, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
Interwiki
Please change interwiki link for de: to the correct target article ([[de:Basketball]]). Currently it is linking to a wrong article (Fußballverein = soccer team). --85.177.141.125 (talk) 17:07, 18 August 2008 (UTC)
Women's Basketball
Women’s basketball actually began less than a year after the game was invented. The only body parts we exposed to the public were fingers, necks and heads. Miniskirts were a thing of the future. Proper women wore floor-length dresses everywhere, including the basketball court. That led to a few proper broken bones and proper black eyes, because we had a tendency to trip over our hems. Senda Berenson, was the foremother of women's basketball. In 1971, women’s basketball was finally considered robust enough to play a full-court game, and in 1985, Senda Berenson became the first woman to make the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.
http://www.wnba.com/about_us/jenkins_feature.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.33.235.246 (talk) 17:05, 21 November 2008 (UTC)
ally-oop pass
I noticed that you did not make mention of the ally-oop pass, which is when a player throws towards the basket and is put in by a teammate. I think this needs to be mentioned in either the scoring or passing articles.71.246.159.147 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 18:42, 11 December 2008 (UTC).
Number of free throws when "in the penalty"
In the 4th paragraph of the Basketball#Fouls section it says "If a team exceeds a certain limit of team fouls in a given period (quarter or half) – four for NBA and international games – the opposing team is awarded one or two free throws on all subsequent fouls for that period, the number depending on the league." It's not clear how many free throws are for which league. However, in the second paragraph of Free_throw#When_free_throws_are_awarded, it says it's 2 free throws in both NBA and international. Enoksrd (talk) 07:23, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
- In most instances it's two. If the shot went in when a player is fouled, there's only one FT. If the foul was in the act of shooting a three-point shot, it's three. –Howard the Duck 14:56, 19 February 2009 (UTC)
Barbosa
Barbosa now plays for the Detroit Pistons —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.103.58.244 (talk) 23:04, 16 February 2009 (UTC)
Adding influence of game on society and worldwide
I was reading the article, and it had nothing about the role it plays in society and worldwide. The game is globalizing, and i believe that that needs to be noted. Also i agree with what mtford stated previously about the role that basketball plays on African-Americans. And it doesn't need to be primarily about race and i acknowledge that. Well if i could get some feedback thanks. --Boogerface4 (talk) 17:18, 10 March 2009 (UTC)
Headline text
I think that I agree. I think basketball is a huge part. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Saryan1027 (talk • contribs) 01:26, 27 May 2009 (UTC)
ERROR In topic of bonus
The number of free throws awarded increases with the number of fouls committed. Initially, one shot is awarded, but after a certain number of additional fouls are committed the opposing team may receive (a) one shot with a chance for a second shot if the first shot is made, called shooting "one-and-one", or (b) two shots. If a team misses the first shot (or "front end") of a one-and-one situation, the opposing team may reclaim possession of the ball and continue play. If a team misses the first shot of a two-shot situation, the opposing team must wait for the completion of the second shot before attempting to reclaim possession of the ball and continuing play.
The bolded part is wrong someone who is logged in please fix this to say "makes". Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 160.149.88.147 (talk) 18:18, 12 March 2009 (UTC)
No, it's correct as written. When a team is shooting two free throws, no matter what happens on the first shot, the opposing team must wait for the completion of the second shot before they have a chance to reclaim possession, either by getting the rebound on a miss or an air ball, as a result of the made shot. Jreacher (talk) 17:40, 21 March 2009 (UTC)
Basketball originated in the USA
Can someone please put basketball under a new category i made a new category- Sports originating in the United States and also if you know what sports originated from where put it under the categories i made.Youndbuckerz (talk) 00:08, 17 March 2009 (UTC)
- Absolutely. And while we're at it, put it under the category "Sports invented by Canadians". Because it's so important. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.147.12.135 (talk) 02:06, 13 September 2009 (UTC)
Jumping shots: should be 'feet' instead of 'feel'
"Failure to release the ball before the feel return to the ground is considered a traveling violation." Feel should be feet, someone please fix.
Merge
Should some of the articles in 'Variation' be merged with this? They seems like very short articles and not long or important enough to warrant articles of their own. Anyone agree? --ScythreTalkContribs 06:24, 28 September 2009 (UTC)
Can you fix this -- PJ's GAY????
- That was a bit of vandalism, which an automated process, or "bot", has fixed already. Did you know that if you create an account, you will be able to edit semi-protected pages to remove vandalism yourself, in addition to many other benefits? Intelligentsium 23:19, 16 November 2009 (UTC)
i need to write a paper on basket ball and i need to know if i should use this artical{| class="wikitable" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.228.91.15 (talk) 23:49, 30 November 2009 (UTC)
What is the name of the box on the court where you shoot your foul shot and the players line up on it while you shoot? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.224.209.50 (talk) 00:46, 2 December 2009 (UTC)
- The key. Kuru talk 03:26, 2 December 2009 (UTC)
- It's also known as the lane.AllPurposeGamer (talk) 01:22, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
Basketball
Basketball is a game played with 5 players on each team. A team consists of 12 players and a coach. The game is played with an inflated ball. This ball must path through a rim, a circular object, in order to score a point. Each shot that is made in front of the three-point ark counts for two points while shots outside the ark are worth three. When playing the ball must be dribbled, making a downward thrust of the basketball towards the ground so that it bounces back up to your hand. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.208.214.194 (talk) 03:03, 18 January 2010 (UTC)
african americans and basketball
african americans are talented but not all play basketball. Some assumtions are made that all black people can play basketball, that isn't neccessarily true i've met people that just aren't basketball oriented. Basketball's an easy sport but during caompetitions that's a completely different story. Most african americans play sports because they are gifted with the ability to play, but not all are basketball players. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bmoseley13 (talk • contribs) 17:54, 8 March 2010 (UTC)
technical foul
when the great game of basktball is played things at times may get out of hand. A technical foul is when a fight breaks out on the court or if words are exchanged between players on the opposite teams. Fouls are usually caused by not moving your feet and by playing lazy defense. When you get a technical, they are usually intensional and either verbal or physical abuse is exchanged.Bmoseley13 (talk) 18:07, 8 March 2010 (UTC)
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